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3 3433 08161789 



Bi?ox Library 




cCfilXXB7S. 




V \ . 






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Cal! niiacki't. 



THE 

H Y M N S of CALLIMACHUS, 

Tranflated ftom the Gr^ek into English Verfe, 

With Explanatory NOTES. 

To which are added, 
BekSl Epigrams^ and the Coma Berenices <£ the (ame Author,. 
Six Hymns of Orpheus, 

AND 

The Encomium of Ptolemy by Theocritus. 

"^j WILLIAM p D D, K A. 

Late of Clare-Hall, Cambridge, 




^*'^.T,>^ JlWyr 



LONDON: 
Printed for the T R A N S L A T O R, 

And SOLD by 

T. WALttn'm FUet-'Sfreett and J.Ward, ncsir the Roj'al Excbangf, 

MDCCLV. 



• •• -•. 



• • • •■ 



• ••••*• • 




T O 



HIS GRACE 



THOMAS 

D U K E of iST £ ^ C^ ^ T i £, 

Chancellor of the Univerfity of Cambridge, 



My lord, 

H E N It was propofed to me by my 
Lord Bifhop of Chefter^ that I fliould 
offer thefe Firft Fruits of my academical 
Labours to your Grace, it was with 
much SatisfadHon, that I embraced' the .Propo- 
fal : Nothing doubting of your Grace's. Favour to 
a Member of that Univerfity^ which has been fb di- 

A 2 ftinguiihed 




BED I CA'T I O N. 

ftinguifhed by your Regard^. and more efpecially to a 
Member of that College^ which claims the Honour of 
your Grace's Education. But when the Honaurabk 
Gentleman *, who has long been an Ornament to that 
learned Body in general, and to our Society in par- 
ticular, WES pleafed to, introduce my Caufe to your 
(jRACE^ jour ready.and pletfing Acceptance of my 
little Tribute, was no more than the Fruits of a rca- 
fonable and well grounded £xpe£)ati(m. 

The. Author, here offered to your Grace's Pa- 
tronage, was happy in the Smiles and Protedlion of 
the moft Noble and Worthy Princes : His Merits 
were equal to their Efteem, his Gratitude no incon- 
iiderable Means of jperpetuating their Glory, and 
thde very Pailages, wherein he applauds his. Bene- 
fa£icH^, iufficient Teftimonies of die Excellency oH 
their Judgment* 

It has been my Endeavour, that he fhould loie 
Hone of his deferved Praife in an Englijh Drefi j 
how hx I have (ucceeded, niuft be left to the De- 

* T!ie HooouniUe 7%«MMf TewnfiHiidi ETqt Member for die UAirerfity isSCMdridge. 

cifion 



D £ D I CJTI N. 

a&an iof odieis : But I fliall efteem myielf faappy, 
if the acknowledged Worth ^ the Author (hall re- 
xonunend to your Gn Ace's Regard, die more hunih 
bfe Laboiirs of the Tranjlator^ 

Our Audi<:»: and his Patrons are no more ; but 
'tiie Works of the one are the Aanding Memorials of 
the Fame of both v Atid, (in the Words of one of 
our Poets) 

— — ^What Reward 
Than this more excellent, for Pow*r and Wealth 
To gain the Stamp of Wwlh and h<meft Fame, 
Midft all Mankind ? This, this th' Atrida have : 
When all the Plunder of old Prianfs Houie 
And all their mighty Wealth is loft in Night, 
And buried in Oblivion's grqedy Grave. 

TwB.oQ.Encom, p. 196. 

Suffer me, my Lord, (without that Flattery which 
have rendered Dedications infamous) heartily to wiih, 
that your Grace, like theie illuftrious Per(bns,may 
gain the Stamp of Worth and hmefi FanfCy by di- 

reding 



- D E V^TCji^ I N. 

refting all youriA6lion$,-^thc leaft:o£ which, in yoiir 
.high Station, is important — to thcGloiy of God, the 
Honour of your moft gracious Sovereign, and the 
Good of your Country : That fo, when, like theii^ 
your outward Splendor (hall be diminifhed, and you 
ileep;in Duft,. your Fame may flourifli in happy Im- 
mortality below, yourfelf may flourilh in far morfe 
happy Immortality abov^. I am, '» 



My LORD, - 

• With all due Refpe&y 



Tour Gkac^'*^ mojl devoted. 



• .». 



^ moji obliged and obedient 

t \ • 

humble Servant^ 



If.anh 24./ 1755. ^^ 



William Dodd. 



PRE F A C E 



." jk S It is the defign of the following notes to illuftrate and explain 
/% Tuch parts of the antient Mythology as occur in the hymns here 

^ ^ prefented to the reader in an Englijh drefs, it may be proper, in 
order to his forming a right judgment of particulars, to lay before him a ^ 
general view of my fentimcnts concerning the rife and progrefs of what is 
called Mythology in the world. To do this at large, and produce the proofs 
and teftimonies that are neceflary from antiquity, would vaftly exceed the 
bounds of a preface, which obliges me to content myfelf at prefent with 
giving only a (hort fketch of what I take to be the true ftate of the cafe. 

The chief difficulty then, I apprehend, that attends an enquiry of this 
Icind^ and has rendered fo many attempts fruitlefs, is the want of a clue to 
lead us regularly up to the fountain 5 which muft have been originally one, 
however afterwards, in their courfes, the ftreams took different tindhires in 
different ages and countries. For were we once well acquainted with the 
nature and properties of the water at the fpring-head, we might eafily, by 
following the current down again, perceive when and how. it became adul- 
terated and corrupted with adventitious mixtures. The Mythology of the 
Greeks and RomanSy who lived in the midnight of Paganifm^ juft before the 
day dawned, and the fun of righteoufnefs arofe upon the earth, is one vaft 
ocean of confufion, which ingulphed into itfelf all the broken traditions of 
theological, phyfical, and hiftorical truths that came near it, and converted 
them into fables, changing the truth of God (as the Apoftle fpeaks of them) 
into a LIE. Accordingly, if we look into the mufter-roll of their gods, and ^ 
the fadts related of them, we (hall find fome owe their birth »to the ^reat 
things revealed to believers from the beginning concerning the Saviour of 
the world, and what he was to be, to do, and to fuffer, for the falvation 
of men. Thefe may be put to the fcore of theology. Another fet of gods 
are the operations of nature and the mechanical agents, that perform theiij, 
deified, which may therefore be faid to have a /^/]jy?c^/ divinity ; while a third 
part of the annals of heaven is made up of broken and disjointed fragments 
concerning heroes and heroines that lived, or were reported to have lived, 
and afted upon earth ; and thefe venerable perfonages cannot, I thinks be 
allowed more ih^n zn hiftorical godhead. 

Thefe I take to be the three grand fources of mythology 3 and^were they 
always kept diftindt, it might be no difficult matter, perhaps^ to refer each 

3 ^^py 



PREFACE. 

c(opy to its original. But the misfortune is, they are not ; for geoerally, if not 
always, the theological and pbyfical parts are mixed and blended^ and oftea 
there is a JumUlcof all three together^ nothing being more coounon than to < 
find a god ading in a threefold capiScity, fometimei as a theolo^cal, tometiinet 
^ as a phyfical, ^d fometimes as an hiftotical god. In this oro, to ontwift die 
cord, (hew which was the original ftamen, and how, when^ and by whom the 
others were added, and woven into it — Sic labor ^ hoc oput—ioxhsxt. thofe in- 
genious gentlemen the poets, that twilled it, can give us no afliilance.. They 
knew not what the 'materials were, or whence they came ; but diey took what 
they found, added what embellilhments they fanfied, and then worked them 
all up together, each according to his owa imagination. From the time 
when the true hiftory of the Greeh begins, to the firft apoftafy of the Gen- 
tiles fron> the patriarchal faith and worihip to idolatry— a period which' goes 
under the general denomination of the fabulous age — is a great gap in the 
mythologii^ chain, by which we are deprived of die firft and moft valuable 
links of it. If we knew what were the objeds of the heathen wor£hip at 
their firft going ofi^, and afterwards in particular of the Canaanites, it would 
guide us downwards to unravel the mythology of the Greeks^ who (as* 
moft learned men. feem to agr6e) were fome of thofe that fled weft- 
ward, when difpoflfeflfed by jojhua. *Till we have this knowledge, we 
are in a labyrinth without a due \ we find matters in a great confufion^ and 
after all our. labours fhall leave them in a greater. 

To this knowledge no book can help us but the Eible^ which begins with 
the beginning of the world and man, and brings down a hiftory of the true Re- 
ligion inftituted by God, with the deviations and corruptbns introduced by 
Satan, to the times of the Greeks zn^ Romans^ thus filling up the deficiency, and 
compleating the chain. By the light afforded us in Scripture we find, that two ' 
of tne abovementioned fources of mythology, dhinity and pbyfics^ were ori* 
ginally united, the latter being ufed as illuftrative and explanatory of the 
former. The invifible tlnngs of God from the creation of the worlJ^ from 
the beginning, ever fince there was a revelation made of them^ are clearly 
feeriy not by the eye of fenfe, but that of faith, being underjlood by the 
things that are made^ even bis eternal power and godhead are exhibited to 
us by vifible objb^s, and not otherwife to be known or conceived. The 
counfels df the eternal Three foreordained, before, and executed in time» for 
the redemption of man, are fhown us as in a glafs by the operations performed 
in nature, and the bright rulers that carry on thefe in the material world are 
repreientatives of the more glorious ones that carry on thofe in the fpirituaK 
^be heavens^ by the light en(hrined in their tabernacle the fun, placed in them^ 
and thence irradiated on the earth, moon and ftars» declare and bold fordi 
to us an image of iht glory of God^ the divine light, that from the homani^ 
of our Lord is poured forth on his Churches and Saints; while the air in 
conjunction with the light diffufed thro* the univerfal fyftem of nature, to 

3 animate 



PREFACE. 

animate and give breath to all creatures, is a moft exprcflive enrblem of an 
omniprefent fpirit, the author, giver, and prefcrvcr of fpiritual life. The 
patriarchs and believers made that ufe of the knowledge of nature defigned by 
him who gave it them ; they regarded it as a ladder, whereby they might 
afcend to a knowledge of the almighty Lord of nature, and his fpiritual 
operations in the oeconomy of redemption. But the nations, after their apoftacy 
at Babely dropt the originals, and worfhipped the copies inflead of them, 
fcrving the creature more, or rather than the creator. For, from that time, 
we find it conftantly charged upon the Babylonians^ Egyptians^ Canaanites^ and 
other neighbouring nations, that they paid divine honours to the Hoji ofHea^ 
VM, thofe powers in the fervice oijehovahy which, from their tents, the folar, 
lunar, and ftellar orbs, ftationed in fuch beautiful order and array in the 
firmament, arc divided, and fent abroad to all nations under heaven. Fos^ o 
clarijfima tnundi lumina I became now the general invocation \ and by the . 
names of the idols and temples of the CanaaniteSy and others remaining upon 
record in the Bible to this day, it appears, that they knew what great and 
wonderful things the powers of the heavens performed in nature, tot which 
they adored them as the Gods that governed the world. That the heavens 
were the ruling agents in this fyftem was true ; but when they afcribed fu- 
prcmacy and independency to them, they forgot that there were higher than 
they, and that it was Jehovab that made the heavens. They were found 
philofophers, though rotten divines. "But in procefs of .time, the knowledge' 
even of philofophy declined, and was loft j people received the Gods and 
creeds of their anceftors without the reafons of them, and fo worfhipped; 
they knew not what, they knew not why j only their fathers did it, and^ 
therefore fo did they. The knowledge of philofophy being gone, the latter 
heathens patched up matters with fragments of niftory and fable ; and as 
it had been ufual among the old idolaters for kings and great men to take the 
names of their Gods, they confounded the hiftorical adions of the prince 
with the phyfical actions of the God, which introduced that intricate and 
often utterly inextricable confufion in the Greek and Roman mythology, la- 
mented in vain by the critics and beaux efprits of modern times. The hymns . 
called Orphic (whoever was the author of them) plainly appear to have been 
wrote when the phyfical mythology was declining, and tne hiftorical or fa- 
bulous gaining ground, are a fort of ifthmus between the two feas, 
waftied by the wdves of both. In many places his defcriptions of the natural 
agents and their operations are amazingly juft and beautiful, and the com- 
pound epithets, he ufes to d.efcribc them beyond meafure, full, ftrong, and 
cxpreflive ; and in others, where there is a mixture of the fabulous, a great 
deal of true philofophy ifi ftUl difcernable. But in Homer the cafe is widely 
different. There the fabulous almoft wholly lofcs fight of the phyfical.'* And 
though there are many particulars, which may be referred to nature, the 

b labyrinth. 



P R E F A C E- 

labyrinth is fo intricate, that it requires a clue far more exadt, than we can 
at prefent have, to carry us through its mazes. 

It cannot be expefted, that matters (hould be much better in this particular 
with our author, who is but a modern, in comparifon o( Horner^ and who 
lived, though in an age of polite learning, yet, in the very darkeft times of 
Paganifm. Notwithftanding, this, by fome means or other, he has mixed 
in the prefent hymns, feveral particulars well deferving notice, and which 
may fully fatisfy the reader of the fitnefs of the key above-given to open the 
heathen m)rthology. Spanheim has proved, beyond controvcrfy, that he was 
no ftranger to the LXX tranflation of the Bible ; an opinion which the fol- 
lowing obfervations will, I imagine, abundantly confirm, as to remember it; 
in the perufing of them, will be of fervice to me, as well as my readers. I 
have been fo large in my notes, that there is little occafion to fay more on 
this fubjeft : and as I have provided a copious index, it will be eaiy to refer 
to any particular. 

It was my original intention to have given Mr. Prior's tranflation of the 
two firft hymns of our author, which are incomparable pieces of poetry : 
but upon a clofe examination, I found many mifunderftandings of the origi- 
nal, which would have occafioned fo frequent carping, that I determined to 
Jranflate them afrefh ; which I have done in rhyme, for no other reafon 
than becaufe I was unwilling to entec the lifts with fo excellent a mafter as 
Mr. Priory in blank verfe, confcious how much I muft lofe by fuch a com- 
petition : — The reft are in blank ; which, doubtlefs, is the moft proper for 
luch compofitions. I have fpared no pains to make the work as acceptable 
as might be to my worthy friends and fubfcribers, whofe generous affiftancc 
I thus beg leave to acknowledge j and though fo long time has intervened 
fince niy propofals were firft delivered, I truft the work has loft no- 
thing thereby, as I have not been wanting in a diligent revifal of it ; 
indeed the pains and labour it has coft me will very greatly overbalance 
every thing I can cxpedt from it : for though the work was nearly 
finifhed, before I took my degree, in the year 1750, at Cambridge -, the 

toil of correding, printing, and a long &c. , amidft my mahy other 

neceflary avocations, has been truly grievous and burdenfome. And after all 
perhaps, I am only making myfelf a ftage for ill-natured criticifm. to difplay 
its malignity : be it fo : yet let me aflure every reader of this work, that if 
they enter upon it with a mind as candid and open to truth, as unprejudiced 
and unbigotted to any man's notions or opinions as my own, they will* 
never cenfure others for difiering in judgment with regard to fuch matters, 
but with fatisfadtion hear all, and give cool impartial reafon the final de-' 
cifion : the treatment which through my notes I have given to others, 
will, I hope, gain to me the like. However, be the remarks of the envious' 
and ill-naturea what they pleafe, I fhall always find caufe to rejoice in the* 
obliging readinefs of my friends to aftift and promote my endeavours : and 

^ here 



PREFACE. 

" here I cannot omit to pay a particular regard to my dear and worthy friend 
the reverend Mr* ParJd)ur/i^ who has furnifhed me with many excellent re* 
marksi and from whofe found judgment, enlarged onderftanding^ un« 
weari^ application, and generous opennefs of heart, the world has great 
and v^lu|iMc fruits to expedl : Dr. R. Schomberg too has, with abundant 
ci^iKl/, favoured me with his obfervations ; and it gives me pleafure thus to 
''acknowledge his learned and friendly affiftance. To Maurice yobnfon^ Efq; 
I am indebted for the head of CallimachuSy prefixed to this volume, which is 
taken from a curious drawing by that celebrated antiquary Beaupri Bell^ Efq; 
•copied from a fine antique. And very many particular kindneiTes I have 
received from various other friends, whofe names I efteem not more an 
honour to my lift, than the firicndfhip they are pleafed to favour me with, 
an happinefs to my life 

The original propofals promifed bead and tail-pieces ; but the tail-pieces, I 
found, depended entirely upon chance, according as there was room left 
at the end of each hymn or not : and for this reafon, I threw all into one, 
lacing the antiques intended for the tail-pieces in the head-pieces \ by 
which means, there are the fame number of figures, iatnd the fame expence 
to me — nay, indeed, the bead at the beginning, as well as the SeleSi Epi- 
grams are more than were at firft propofed — but it was my defire to plcafc 
and fatisfy my fubfcribers. Each plate contains fomewhat explanatory of 
paflages in the author, or in the notes, and every piece is copied from the re- 
mains of antiquity, found either in Montfau^on^ or Spencers Polymetis, which book 
will beft (hew the ufe of fuch antient remains for the explanation of the poets. 
Callimacbus has been happy in the regard of great and learned men : the f^ari^ 
orum edition of his works prefents us with all their labours together : there 
we fee GraviuSy Stepbansy FrifcblinuSj Voety Faber^ and his ingenious daughter 
Madam DacieTy Dr. Bentley, and, above all, Spanbeim, uniting their endeavours 
to fet forth the beauties and excellencies of our poet : and fuch names, I hope, 
will be fufficient to juftify my choice. I can never too largely commend 
the obfervations of Spanbeim upon Callimacbus^ which are a rich fund of 
learning, and difcover at once the moft ingenious, and the moft cultivated 
-mind : I have gathered plentifully from them ; and had formerly digefted 
many more of his remarks into my own ; which are in a great meafure 
droppedj as I have omitted moft part of my critical notes, my fondnefs for 
that fort of writing being confiderably abated. 

I have fubjoincd the Life of Callimacbus^ as compiled by Bafil Kenneth 
which is very exaft and impartial : and thus have, to the utmoft of my ability, 
^ endeavoured to make the work as perfect as I was able. 



b 2 THE 



THE 

L I F E of CAL L IMACHUS. 



CALL IMACHUS was born in Cyrene^ the famous city of antient Liiya. 
His common title of Battiades makes the grammarians ufually aflign one 
Battus for his father: but, perhaps, he may as well derive that name from 
king Batius^ the founder ofCyrene^ from whofe line, as Sirah f afTures us, he declared 
himfelf to be defcended. We are not informed of the particular year of his birth ; 
though few of the poets have been forgotten by Eufebius. However, it's agreed, that 
he commenced his fame under the patronage oi Ptolemy PbiladelpbttSy and continued 
it in the reign of his fucceffor Ptolemy Euergetes ; whofe queen Berenice having con- 
fecrated her locks in the temple of Fenus^ and a cunning mathematician having ftolen 
them thence to tranflate them to heaven, gave occafion to the fine elegy of tliis poet, 
which we have now only in the Latin of Catullus. 

Whoever was his father, the poet has paid all his duties and obligations to hirp 
in a moft delicate epitaph, which we find in the Antbologia^ and which (hews, that 
Martial had good reafoo to aflign him the crown among the Grecian writers of the 
epigram. The old gentleman is fuppofed thus to addrefs the vifitants at his tomb : 

Whoe'er thou art, that to this tomb draw'ft nigh. 

Know, here interred the fon and fire I lie 

Of a Callimacbus : illuftrious name. 

By each ennobled, and renown'd in fame : 

The fire was glorious 'midft the warlike throng. 

The fon fuperior to all envy fung : 

Nor is it flrange ; for whom thfe Nine behold. 

When young with favour, they regard when old. 

Before Callimacbus was recommended to the favour of the court, he taught fchool 
in Alexandria^ and had the honour of educating y^c//o»i«/, the author of the Argonau- 
tics : who making him but an unkind requital for his labour, provoked Callimacbus 
to vent his pafllon in an inve&ive poem, levelled againft his ungrateful fchohr, 
under the reproachful name of 75/5 J ; which furnifhed Ovid with a pattern and a 
title for his biting piece of the fame nature. 

* How capable foever our poet might be of the higheft attainments in vcrfe, he 
. feems to have had a particular fancy for (hort copies. And when his envious rivals 
ufed to alledge this as their main objeftion againft his Mufe, that he could not 
attempt any thing of bulk ; he gave them the ingenious anfwcr at the end of the 
hymn to Apollo^ which feems to be compofed and introduced with all thatar/, which 
Ovid makes the great excellency of Callimacbus. 

• Cfral. I.M7. p, 83?: + pag. 837. % Suid. In C«/A». 

. Envy 



The LIFE o( CALLIMACUU'^. 

Envy, grown pale with felf-confunung caresy 

Thus (hed her poifon in ApolUf^ ears \ 

*^ I hate the bard, who cannot pour his fbng, 

" Full as the fea, and as the torrent ftrong/* 

The fiend ApoUo fcoming, fpurn'd afide 

"With angry foot ijidignant and reply'd : 

" Headlong defccnds the deep y^fyrian flood, 

^^ But with pollution foul'd, and black with mud ; 

" While the Melijfa facred waters bring, 

^' Not from each ilream, but from the pureft fpring \ 

*' From whofc fmall urn the limpid current rills 

*• In clear perfe&ion down the gladdcn'd hills." 

Hail king, once more thy conquering arm extend. 
To final ruin ranc'rous Emrf fend ! 

. The fcholiaft on this place obferves, that to ftop the mouths of thcfe detraftors, 
the poet compoled \i\%Htcate^ a work of a large fize \ now loft, but frequenly cited 
by Grecian and Rmnan authors. 

Thofe few perfons who have a right tafte, and a juft efteem for thefe fmaller com* 
pofitions, will think that CalUmacbus needoi nothing elie to enfure his reputation. 
And if it be true, what Smdas reports, that he wrote above eight hundred pieces, he 
will ftand free enough from the imputation of lazinefs, though he have no unwieldy 
labour to produce in his own defence. 

What we now have under his name are a few hymns and epigrams : the firft of 
which, as they make far the larger part of his remains, fo they are of the greateil 
credit, and feem the main foundation of his fair charad^r • amongft his modern 
friends. » 

It looks a little ftrangc that Ovid *, when he givis him a place in his fine cata- 
logue of poets, fhould pronounce him immortal, barely upon account of his art, 
and at the fame time, expreisly deny his tide to wit. 

Indeed, we have Hill many j>rodigious inftances of his art, as (befides the apology 
already fet down) the manner of bringingking Ptolent/^ pratfes into the hymns to 
JupiUfj the making Apollo^ while yet in his mothcr*s belly, prophefy the fame 
prince's viftories 5 and the like. Ycr.it will be a difficult inatter to perfuade any 
one, who has confidered the furprizing delicacy of his thought and Airn, to com- 
pound for half his applaufe^ and to quit the credit of his invention, for that of 
his judgment. Both the talents (eem fo happily ten!pered together, that it is hard 
to give an inftance of onf ' virtue^ without difplaying the other in the fame view» 
What can be a nobler proof of. both, tfaanitbe gcacefulnefs.of thofe tranfitions, 
where, while he is commending one Deity, he draws in another with fo gentle force, 
as not to wrong. the firftifub^eA byiobfiging z. ne^ ooe ? Of thU kind is tliai ad- 
mired ftroke on Hercules^ in the hymn to Dicna : 



Thy approach 



At heaven's eternal. portals Pbabus waits 



.rlK 



Sl^n^^is ingink noH lultt, artt %aU't» •-..-« Am, tl. 15. 1 I. 

2 With 



T4ic LIFE o£CALLIMACKVS/ 

With Jeac^fUm Hermes^ this thy arms. 

And' that the produce of thy fports to take : 

Such crft Apotto^t taflc, or ere at hcar'n's 

Bled banquets ereat AUides found a piace» 

Whofe is that duty npw} Tht rich repaft 

With thee approaching, at the gates of heav'n 

He waits unwearied. Him mean time the Gods^ 

But chief his envious ftep-dame, oeafelefs fcoflF 

In pleafant vein, when from the car he bears 

A bull's vaft weight, or by its hind- leg drags. 

Impatient fpuming, a wild boar's huge bulk 

Slow up heav'n's fteep— -while thee in crafty guife 

Goddefs he thus befpeaks : ** On noxious be&s 

*' Employ thy darts : that mortals niay beftow 

*• Acides the prcfervcr's name on thee ! 

" Suffer the harmlcfs goat, the timid hare 

*• Secure to range ; ought injure they mankind ? 

*^ Poor is the triumph there : the wild boars wafte, t 

** The wild bulls level all the blooming year : 

** Theie are man's foes : pour all thy rage on tfaefe.'* 

Thus fpeaking, all-indignant he bears off 
His burden, labouring. ■ i 

What can be a fairer argument for the union of the fame talents^ than thofe wife 
and ddicious fentences, which, finking us fuddenly in a work where one would not 
expert them, look as much like infpiration as any thing that poefy can produce ? 
Two of thefe, in the^ very firft hymn, may vie with the entire labours of more bulky 
authors. The firft of them is a fine anfwer to the modern libertines, who, from the 
fanfied uncertainty of a future ftate, take bccafion to live and die at a venture, and 
expe£fc as good a chance as their neighbours* The poet is fpeaking of'JupHer^s title 
to the empire of heaven, as a thing acknowledged and unenvied by his two brothers ; 
and hence he refleds on the folly of the antient ftory- tellers, who would make the 
three fons of Sattirn divide the three realms by i!^/ : 

Vain bards of old, to fidtion that incline. 
Fabling relate, that heav'n by lot was thine : 
In equd things the urns dark chaibce we try. 
But how bears hell proportion to the fky ? 
The diffeience who but madmen have not feen» 
Wide as the diftance either realm between ? 

' The other is the coiKludiiig ftrain of the hymn, where he makes, his faitwel^ 
prayer to the Deity : , . 

Hail, father — ! tho' above all praifes, hear; 

Grant wealth and virtue to thy fervant's prayer : . j \ 

Wealth, without virtue, but enhances iiiame. 

And virtue, without wealth, becomes a naaie : ' » * 

Send 



The L I F E of CALLJMACKVS, 

Send wealth, fend virtue then ; for join**, they prove 
The blifs of mortals, and^the gift oijdve. 

Some learned men have endeavoured to make Ovif% judgment fpeak a more Fa- 
vourable fenfe. But whoever cafts his eyes on what ttwj^j* has performed in: 
that caufe, and confiders how he is gravelled in the impoflible attempt, will be 
apt to imagine, that Ovid intended his words Ihould be underftood according to their 
natural import, but that through a fpirit of envy and emulation, he has wilfully 
contrafted his rival's praifes. It is plain, he had no higher ambition than to be 
thought to be (iiperior to CdUifnacbus y and he declares he Ihould admire a miftrefs 
who would honour him with that preference f. 

But the greateft teftimonies of Callimacbus*^ worth, and the foundation of his cha- 
racter with the antients, were his numerous pieces in the elegiac drain. Of thefe^ 
we have only the hymn on lSnerva\ bath, and Catuilus^s tranflation of the copy on 
queen Berenice's hajr. The former feems, like his other hymns, to incline moft to 
the free fpirit of lyrics ; the curious ftory of ^irefias. making the greater part of the 
poem. The other is more agreeable to our common notions of elegy •, and, as it 
is commonly printed with the works of Ttbullus and Prcpertius in the fame ftrain, 
fo it may vie with the fwcetcfl and moft exaft of their pieces. For inftance, they 
have nothing of a more natural turn, than that thought, which makes it a greater 
honour to belong to the queen^s head, than to have <i place among the confteliationsT 
the ftar is fuppoled to fpeak, and thus compliments its miftrefs : 

But tho' fuch honour and fuch place is mine, 
Tho* nightly prcft by Gods and teet divine : 
To hoary I'eilfys tho* with light rcftof'd, 
Thefe— let me fpeak, — and truth defend the word : 
Thou too, Rbamnufian virgin, pardoning hear; 1 

For I mufl fpeak ; fince neither force nor fear I 

Can make me cover what I h revere : j 

Not tho* enrag'd the pow'rs on high fliou^d rife. 
Revenging tear, and hurl me from the fkies ! 
All thefe — bear no proportion to the pain 
Of fatal final abfencc from my q(ueen. 
With whom while yet an unexperienced maid, 
I fhar'd fuch unguents, on her lovely head ! 

Ah, why amidft the ftars muft I remain i 
Wou'd G(x], I grew on thy dear head again f 
Take heav'n who wou'd, were that wifli'd plcafure mine, 
' Orion's felf might next Hydroclxnis Ihine ! 

This fpedimen^. (which to be fure has loft nothing in the Latin vcrfion) is of itfelf 
almoft enough to juftify ^ntilian X^ when he gives Caltimacbus the crown in elegy, 

• Prolegom. in Hifitd. 
f Efi quM Callimachi fra wftrit ruftica diclt 
CarmtHai cut f/a<to, frttintu if/a placets 

Amor. I. «. El. 4; 
X Lib. 10. C. I. 

and 



The L I F E of CALLIM^iCHUS. 

' and to (how that Propertius was npt inuci^ out in4ii8 choice^ when he pitched on 
him for his pattern *.*'.. 

There is indeed another paflfage in Propertius^ which feems to contradift his former 
judgment, and which is comnvmly alledged by thofe rwho pretend to cenfore Ct^i^ 
tnachus. It is in the thirty -third elegy of the fecond book> 

Tufatius memarm Mufis ifmiire P}xilet^, 
£/ ff^ist ^;^^iy2>ii^lKM C^Uimachi. . • \\ 

It is true, by joining non with infiati in the conftruAion, the difficulty iseafily iblved, 
and the fuppofed detraftion turns into a commendation. But it is much more ra* 
tional to imagine, th^it Properiius here cen fares fome particular work of Caliimaehus 
Ut prefent not extant) as bqnibail: and extravagant ; advifin^ his friend to apply, 
nimfelf to fome eafier and more agreeable labour. So^/^g/r^ judges the particular, 
piece to have been the A<r/« which Aibr//W flouts as a hard obfcure bufinels ^ 
and which Pr^if^/w's friend might then probably think of tranflating. This i^on- 
^<5ture may be farther improved from hence, that in one of the old epigrams in th^ 
Antbologia^ Callimacbus is fuppofed to have been honoured with the commands of the 
Mufes in a dream, iov the undertaking that difficult work. But whatever becomes 
of this point, it is impoITible Propertius fhpuld defig^ any general refledlion \ fince 
te declares it for his higheft wifli, to be called thtRomMCailimcbusf. 



* Intir CalHnuchi Jai irit flacmffk tihilhit 
Et cecinijffi mfdUf pnrepita^ ims- 

Lib. 3* Eleg. 6. 

—Like fweet CalltMacInu to pleafe. 
And to have iiHig» fwre fHt^ hke to ihce. 
Will prove, indfe4i fyfficient fame for me. 

f Vt noftris tumtfaBA fuferhtmt Umbria Ijhris^ 
Umbria Romani fatrim Callimachi. 

Let UmBriapory ip her poet^s lays. 
The natal place of Rmis Ca/Iimacfiuf. 



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The 



SUBSCRIBERS NAMES. 



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• Thef Right Rev. the Lord Bifhop of Norwich. 

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iSl&Sii&&S3&SJ&SliSSI6S9S^^ 



After all the exaAeft Care, it has been impoffible to prevent manv Erro» of the Piefi> whtdl 
the Reader is dcfired to concft and excufe. In p. 49. a 147. a coL L 5; dele mllinf. 



^HE 




«e7.7t»«/' \rm^* 



THE 



Firft H YM N of Callimachus. 




To Jupiter. 

H I L £ we to Jove the pure libations pay, 
Than Jove what apter claims the hallow*d lay ? 
The God, whofe power difpers'd, whofe arm 
fubdued 



The daring Titans, earth's rebellious brood : 



Who 



Ver. I. Libations'] Orig. n«p« Z^roy}^!, the 
true fenfe of which is that given in the tranfla- 
tion : Mr. Prior's is . very wide of the author's 
meaning, as well as of the time when the hymns 
were fung, 

ff^lU we to Jovefele^ the holy vinim. 

'Tis a plcafmg refledlon, that there are fcarcc 
any of the religious cuftoms of the Heathens, 
but confirm the truth of divine revelation. It 



will be impoflible to give a rational account of 

thefe libations among them, without having re- 

courfe to pofitive infiitution. And the politive 

inftitution will be as unaccountable, unlefs we 

fuppofe it to refer to the great libation j *« the 

blood poured out and fhed for many for the re- 

miflion of fins." See Num. xxviii. 7, Deut,xi\, 27. 

Ver. 3. The God^ whofe power^ &c.] The 

Original is UnXtSotm £A»ft)p«y Jhe difperjer or 

Jcalterer of the giants born of the earths It is 

B weir 



2 THE HYMN TO JUPITER. 

Who rules the fky, unbounded and alone, 
' For ever great, for ever fix'd his throne ? 

In trembling doubt my mind delays the fong, 
\ Thy birth dilput;ed and the conteft long : 

How fhall I fing ? Didaean doft thou hear, 
i Or, doth Lycaean more delight thine ear ? 



xo 

Zealous 



well known to the learned reader, that the dc- 
fcendants of Cain are diftinguifhed in fcripttHre, 
hy the name of the fons of Meiiy or Jdami 
thofe of Setb^ by the name of the Tons of God. 
Gen^yurr. Amending t» thi» remark, we mny, 
I K6p^, '^ve it fiidsfe£lery reafefi «¥ (be bpithet 
««}Ao/oy«f» (earth-bom) and others of the fame 
fenfe in other writers, when applied to the giants 
in the Heathen Mythology. The Lord God 
formed man (of) the duft of the eartk. Gen, ii. 
7. The original word for earth in this paf- 
fage is, HiOlKln HADMiH^ and Acre is no 
difpute tut the name Jdam DHR — is very 
iiearly related, to it. Since then the giants 
(Oh&i Ne PHLIMj the deferlers of the true 
worfhip) are the fons and daughters of men 
{HaDaM) or JJam^ Gin. vi. 41 and c^nfe- 
quently derive their pedigree from (HJDMeH) 
the earth: we have here a plain ground for 
the Heathen tradition of the giants, the rebels 
againft God being fons of the earth. — It is re- 
markable in this View, that the hXX render 
the word Ne PHLIM by ThycuT*^^ Gen. vi. 4. 
It may- perhaps be alfo poflible to aflign a reafon 
of the attributes Ex«Tiip« (the fcatterer or difper- 
fer of the n^Xo^oFov, earth-born) which Callima- 
chus afcribes to his Jupite^ or fapreme god. 
The learned Spanheim has well proved, that our 
poet was acquainted with the LXX. tranflation 
of the Bible, and even if he was not, there is 
no doubt, but tradition would preferve, though 
in a confufed and imperfed manner an account 
of the great event which happened at BabeL 
Where we find, that no fooner was the earth 
freed from thofe fearful impreflions, which the 
deluge muft have made upon the eye-witnefies 



of it, and mankind again multiplied^ but the 
fons of men (the earth-born race) began again to 
rebel againft God : and fo became Ne PHLIM 
or giants. Gen, xi. 4. So the Lord fcattered 
tbepi abroad iipon the fiice of the whole dlUth, 

Ver. 9. Di^aan^ &c.] ^tf^/V^ was generally 
worfhipped by his votaries, as without end, 
^oiigh not .without beginning : his birth-place 
boing thft fobjeA of much difpute, and various 
nations claiming that honour tb themfelves : a 
matter eafily to be accounted for : as there were 
many Jupiter^ ftiftgs fo called) and each 
country in which a Jopiter had been born, 
maintained itfetf the birth-place of the fbvereign 
Jupiter. The difpute feems to have been 
carried higheft between the Arcadians and Cre- 
tans, each vindicating to their country, the 
glory of fir ft bringing to light the great king of 
^. the gods. Calliwachus here takes upon 
him to decide the controverfy ; and though fc- 
vfere up6n the Cretan^ gives him his juft honour, 
determining the Mrth-place of Jupiter in Jrca» 
diaj the place of his education in Crete, Cicero 
(in his Nature of the Gods^ B. iii. c. 21.) tells 
us, that, '* The divines reckon up three %- 
fiters^ two of which they report to have been 
born in Arcadia \ the father of the one AEtbetj 
whofe offspring too were Proferpine and Bacchus : 
the father of the other Caelus^ whofe daughter 
the goddefs of war, Minerva^ is faid to be ; 
the third, a Cretan^ the fon of Saturn^ whofe 
fepulchre is fhewn in that ifland." See, in this 
and the next obfervation — the rdigion of na- 
ture, and the admiicd wifdom of thefe Greeks 
and Rmans ! 



THE HYMN TO JUPITER. 

Zealous of fame and of his country's worth, 

On Ida's mount the Cretan boafts thy birth : 

The fons of Areas with refentment glow, 

And thy great birth-place in their country (hew. 

Who vaunts, dread (bvereign, and who vaunts in vain. 

Say— ; but why aflc ? — the Cretans ever feign t 



'S 



Their 



Vet. 15. Ifho vawas^ kc] Theorig^lal is — 

The Cretans prttending to fliew the tomb otju- 
pitir in their ifland, feem greatly to have oflFend- 
cd their idolatrous brethren of the nations : and 
to have drawn upon themfelves that odious cha- 
ra£ler which we find in our author, and which, 
from him we plainly learn, was given to them 
on account of this impious prophanation of their 
fupreme : 

Tarn mindax magm tumuh fuam Creta Unantis : 

fays Lucan : and Cicero — jtb Euhemere autem & 
ntortesy bf fepultura denwnfirantur Deerum. 
Utrum igitur hk cmjirmaffi videtur religie' 
nemj cut penitus totam fuftuUJfe f — Saint Paul 
takes notice of this proverb to Ihew the allowed 
yilenefs of the Gentile world : «* One of them" 
felves^ even a prophet of their own^ did. The 
Cretans are always liars^ evil beafts, flow 
bellies." — The prophet here fpokcn of, is Epi- 
menideSy a Cretan poet (the word mf^nt, pre-^ 
phety ftridly fpeaktng, means no more than one 
that Aeaks fronij for^ or in/lead of another: in 
the lame manner as pro-conful, vf« in compo- 
fition being all one with mnfi fo poets are 
called «r^«r«i hUatun, the prophets of the natfes^ 
which may be faid very properly of EpimenideSy 
who is commonly fiyled, 0MO(Mnif) a divine 
man, and his writings xfna-fMh oracles. See 
HammondonSt Lute.) From him it was that 
St. Paul took this line, upon which the learn- 
ed Dr, Hammond obferves, «* Chrjfofiom and 
Theopbylaa (zyof EpimenideSy that he, feeing the 
Cretans build a fepulchral monument to Jupiter 



and worfliip him, as one that was or bad been 
but a many in zeal> and jealoufy, and rage, 
{ii9Up^iK« for that god of his, he writes thefe 
verfes" to Jupiter y beginning Kfin mm ^wra», 
which Cbryfojlom makes up into a diftich ; 

■■ K4U >af Tofof , i am, amo 
lCp0K tluSiiPMlo' 0V Vh 9flWK> wok y»f am* 

But it muft be obferved that thefe ver&s are 
in Callimacbus's hymn «fo( Am, which that they 
are the very lines here referred to in Epimenides, 
doth no way appear, but by Chryfoftom*^ con- 
jedure : nay, the contrary muft be concluded, 
from the xaMMiOvpia, which here follows, but 
not in Callimachus : it is then moft probable that 
Callinuubus borrowed thence the firft words, 
and added the reft of his own, and fo applied it 
to his own purpofe : fo that all St. ChryfoJionC% 
difficulties and fuppolitions muft fall to the 
ground, Wc/' — See the comment. That Calli- 
machus did not borrow from Epinunides, is plain 
and obvious : befidcs, both St. Cbryfojlom and 
Dr. Hammond might have confidered, that this, 
which St. Paul quotes, is itfelf a compleat hex- 
ameter verfe : 

And Erafmusy in his Chiliads tells us, that 
St. Jerom found in a work of Epimenides (enti- 
tuled de Oraculis) this very line : fo that St. 
Cbryfojlom need not have been fo anxious after, 
what he thoi^ht^ filling it up ; nor could any 
thing fo well fill it up, to St. Paul's parpofe and 
argument, as its own words. Caliimacbus men- 
tions nothing of the jumm On^, or yartfH •fym^ : 
and that he took the firft words from Epimeni* 
des is fcarce probable or worthy a difpute ; as the 
B 2 proverb 



4 THE HYMN TO JUPITEIl. 

Their impious adions all their claims difprove : 
Prefuinptuous, they have built the tomb of Jove 5 
Immortal Jove, who bears no dying frame, 
A God, thro* all eternity the fame I 

Where the brown forefts on Parrhafla nod 
Thick, dark, and awful, Rhea bore the God : 
All holy hence that bleft retreat was made 
Rever'd the gloom, and unapproach'd the fhade r 
Down from fair woman to the reptile race 
Each teeming female flies the facred place : 



20 



^5 



Nor 



proverb was, Joubdefi, fo common in every 
one's mouth : nay, indeed, upon the whole, it 
feems probable, that Eptmenides ufed the words 
in a fenfe very different from CaUimachus. 

Ver. 18. ibe tomb} The fcholiaft is ingeni- 
ous enough upon this pafTage ; and feems de- 
firous to free the Cretans from the odium of fo 
prophane an adion,, as pretending to (hew the 
tomb of the fupreme yupiter amongft them. 
" For, fays he, in Crete, upon the tomb of 
Minos was this infcription Mtwo^ rti Am( rafoi^ the 
tomb ^/'Minos, the /on ^Jupiter, In procefs of 
time, by fome means or other, the firft words 
were effaced and obliterated, infomuch that only 
Awj recfo^f the tomb of Jupiter^ remained : And 
from hence arofe the notion that Jupiter was 
buried mCrete, and that this was his tomb." Ano- 
ther folution. he gives of the matter, which is 
this ; *• The Corybanfes who took the care of 
the young God, in order to deceive his voracious 
6ther Saturn the better, did in fa£t build a 
tomb for him, as if he had been really dead.'' 
The lirft is plaufible and ingenious ; but we 
in thefe times need be in no danger of declare 
ing, that moft probably there was a real tomb 



ofa real Jupitir^ a king of Crete, in all likely- 
hood buried in his own realms : which as ^- 
piter was the fupreme God of the nations, be* 
came in time (when they mifunderftood their 
true Jupiter, and mifconceived him) a matter 
of great offence. 

Ver. 21. Parrhajta"] Arcadia was fb called 
homParrhafus, one of thefons oi Lycaon ; here 
it was in the mountain Lycaus, that Rhea 
brought forth the divine Jupiter : whofe birth- 
place was ever after held in extraordinary vene- 
ration by the Arcadians. Paufanius (in Arc/i- 
dicis, p. 513) fpeaking of it fays, « In the 
fummit of the mountain is the cave of Rhea ; 
where none except the facred priefteffes (yw«»fr 
fUMEK iipawy Ti»? 0w) were permitted to enter; 
and if any one contcmptuoufly entered it, death, 
within the year, vras neceffarily his fate.'" 
Milton fpeaking of Eve*s bower (B. iv. ver; 703) 
has fome lines that are a good comment on this 
paffage — 

— Other creature Kere 
Beaft, bird, infeft or worm durft enter none. 
Such was their awe of man. 



THE-HYMN TO JUPITER. 
Nor daring there the pangs of birth to prove ; 
Such pious horror guards the hallowed grove. 
The mighty burden of her womb refign'd, 
The goddefs fought fome living ftream to find : 
All diie ablutions to perform, and lave 
Thy infant limbs in its aufpicious wave r 
Arcadia's realm cou^d then no ftreams fupply : 
Its fields were barren, and its meads were dry : 
No friendly Ladon bleft the thirfty fwain, 
No filver Erymanthus fed the plain : 
Then woods and wilds above the hollows rofe. 
Where fmooth, with liquid lapfe, laon flows : 



3«> 



35 



Obfcure 



Ver. JO. bfc.'] There is fomething very re- 
markable in the account which the poet gives 
us of this purification of the mother and the 
child : for that both are mentioned, the origi- 
nal puts out of all di(pute : 

The TDjeoio XvfjMrtt are the partes fordes, and as 
Mad. Daciir (whofe authority here doubtlcfs 
fliould be allowed) obferves, refers not to the 
infant but to the mother : The word x^TXAwairo, 
according to He/ychiusy is expreffive not of 
fimple wafliing only, but anointing with oil, 
^ra l^«^« Xvaaffhai, to a>^at fftir* m ^»cr«^&«i— 
to anoint after wajhing. And it was an univerfal 
cuftom amongft the Greeks for women to purify 
themfelves by wafliing : A cuftom not eafily 
accounted for unlcfs we have recourfe to the 
Original and pofitive inflitution of purification by 
waihing ^ atid indeed^ this would open a lar^ 



field of enquiry, and might, perhaps, well repay 
our labour: However, this is worthy obfervation, 
«< That the mother of the king of the gods, and 
the king of the gods himfclf had need of purifi- 
cation by water." Nothing can more fully 
declare the univerfal confent of all mankind in 
the natural uncleannefs of all fiejh. Water and 
oil we know are the acknowledged types of the 
(pirit ; and a lamb and a pigeon^ types of the 
oon and Holy Spirit, were offerings for womea 
under the law. — See Levit. xii. Now water is 
the great and appointed cleanfer. I (hall leave 
the reader to purfue thefe hints if he thinks pro^ 
per, referring him to St. Luke ii. 21 — %^^ 
There is one thing more alfo^obferveable in the 
original, that the water which Rljeaiou^t after> 
is called Poor pJbTof. — a river of water J living or 
running water. See Levit, xiv. 5. and St. John 
vii. 38, 39. 

Ver. 33.] It was a common opinion witfc 
the ancients^ that fountains and rivers pajrtoofc 



6 THEHYMNTOJUPITEIL 

Obfcure with dufl the rattling chariots rode) 

Where thunders^ deep-defcending, Melas' flood : 40 

Where rapid Carion rolls his waves along^ 

Couched in their haunts fecure the favage throng : 

O'er the parch'd defert, where Metope's tide 

Chearing the vales, and plenteous Crathis glide, 

Thoughtlefs* of gurgling ftreams confin'd below^ 45 

The hinds, burnt up with thirfl:, impatient drag'd and flow. 

Di ST REST the Goddefs heav'd a feeble figh. 
Then fpoke (and fpeaking rear'd her arm on high :) 

^« Prove 



of the fame vtciffitude, rife and decay, to which 
all things in nature are fubjed: So Ovid (zys 
(MsTAM. 1. 15.; 

VidiigOj fU9d fuerat quondamy He. 

The face of places, and their forms decay* 
And that is folid earth, that once was fea : 
Seas in their turn retreating from the fhore. 
Make Iblid land what ocean was before : 
And what were fields before, now wa{h*d 

and worn. 
By falling floods from high to valleys turn, &fr . 
And die parch'd deiart floats in ftreams un- 
known. 
Wondering to drink of waters not her Gvm^i^c. 

DRYD£N. 

The pafiage in CalUmacbus is a proof of the 
fiune opinion ; Truly poetical as it is, I am 
furprized that Frifchlinus fhould find fault with 
it as fabulous $ and prefer the account given by 
Paufanias of the aridity and maifture of Jrca- 
Jia. For we muft conflder thefe two in their 
proper fpheret, the one as a poet, the other as 
an hinorian and naturalift ; the one is fuppofed 
^t to g^ve the exa<^, but po<»ical reafon of 
things (which with the poets is generally wide of 



the truth) but from the other we txfcSt a ra« 
tional and real folution of a matter .of fad. 
*« That Arcadia y fays Frifchlinus, ihould be en- 
tirely devoid of water before the birth of jfupiur^ 
and that then fo many great rivers fliould fud- 
denly fpring up, is a thing no way confonant 
with truthy but feems to be a 66tion of the poet, 
in order to enhance the praifes of Jupiter. Do I 
myfelf judge the opinion of Paufanias far more 
agreeable to truth, than this of the poets, con- 
cerning the aridity and moifture of Arcadia. 
In his Arcadics, he fpeaks thus — « But if the 
country is trol^^ed with great drought, by 
means of which the com and (hrubs are all 
withered and parched up, then the prleft of 
Lycaan Jupiter^ turning with prayers to the 
water of the fountain, having flain facrifices, and 
performed all neceffary rights, dips a branch of 
oak into the furface of the water, which im- 
mediately becomes troubled, and fends forth a 
vaporous, black fleam like a cloud ; foon after 
which this ftcam or cloud afcends, and then 
preiently the clouds gather all around, the iky 
lowers, and fliorily ihowers of rain refrefh the 
Arcadian vallies." This cuftom, deferves our 
attention. 



gfHfi MYMN TO JUPlTfiR. 
«< Prove thou, O eardi, with me ik ftiothet'* woes, 
«* Light are thy pangs and lefe fevere thy throes ;" 
She faid ; her fcepter on the rock dcfcends, 
Wide at the blovi^, the rock difparted reftda : 
IlApetuous to the paflage crowds the tide, 
And ruflies roaring down the rocks rough fide. 
This happy ftream thy infant limbs received. 
By thee firft hoAour'd, as with thee it liv'd : 
There bath'd thy limbs, and wrapt in pUrple bands. 
Thy mother gave thee to fair Neda's hands : 
To Dide^s cave commanding to repair. 
And tend with fecret zeal her mighty, care : 



SO 



55 



6Qr 

Neda, 



Ver.^.Sbefaidt &c] There can be no doubt, 
but that CaUitnaebms borrowed this from the 
hiftory recorded in the Old Teftament, of the 
like miracle performed by Mofes^ or at leaft, 
that the ftory, if traditional, which I rather in- 
cline to believe, was originally derived from 
thence. ^* Mofes took the rod from before the 
Lord, as he commanded him. And Mofes and 
jtaron gathered the congregation together before 
the rock^ and he faid unto them, hear now ye 
rebels, muft we fetch you water out of this 
rock ? And Mofes lift up his hand, and with his 
rod he fmote the rock twice } and the water 
came out abundantly^-^^* Numb. xx. o — ii: 
See alfo Exod. xvii. 6. It is obferveablc, that 
St. Paul particulariy applies this to Chrift: 
*< They did all drink the fame fpiritual drink : 
for they drank of that fpiritual rock that followed 
them, and that Rock was Chrijl $" i Cor. \. 4. 



And this confideration will be pleafing te the 
fcriptural reader, that Rhea fhould (according 
to the heathen mythology) require water from 
the rock, to wafh her new-born infant." Such 
remarkable particulars in the blind devotion of 
the idolatrous nations muft give great evidence 
to the truth of that fyftem, which in its purity 
can alone account for, and fohre thefe ftrange, 
and otherwife inexplicable circumftances in their 
pradice : And my defign is tofuggeft fuch hints 
as may eafily be carried on by perfons tolerably 
ikilled in thefe matters. It is remarkable, that 
Jpollmius^ the cotemporary of Callimachusj in 
his Argonauticsy mentions this fame miracle of 
Rhea*s, done in Cyzicum; and fomething of 
the fame kind Paufanias tells us of Atalaniay 
who, when hunting, being a-thirft, (Iruck a 
rock with her hunting-fiaiF, and thence flowed 
water. 



^. 



8 THE HYMN TO JUPITER, 

Neda, of all the nymphs that Ammon nurft, 
In age, fave Styx and Philyre, the firft. 

Nor to the nymph was Rhea*s favour (hewn 
By this great trufl, and precious pledge alone ; 
No trivial honour, and no fmall reward, 
Confirmed her love, and witnefs'd her regard : 
Her favourite's name, the favourite ftream fhe gave, 
Which rolls by Leprion's wall, its antient wave ; 
And to Callifto's race its bounty yields. 
Gladdening at once both {h^pherds, flocks, and fields. 



6S 



70 

To 



Ver. 61. Nida^ &c.] Callimacbus mentions 
here but three of Jupitet^s nurfes (for that is, 
I think, beyond doubt the meaning of fiaiu^ailof 
in the original, and not — qua ipjS objietricata 
Junt — ^who were midwives to Rhea \ the fcho- 
iiaft well explains the word by t^^M^eu^ nutrie- 
bant) — That there were more than three, con- 
trary to the opinion of fome, the original plainly 
diedares, by informing us, that Neda was 
youngeft of all the nymphs engaged in this 
care, fave Styx and Philyre — had there been no 
more than- thefe three — fhe was, in one word, 
the youngeft of alL Paufanias^ in his Jrca^ 
dicsy mentions three nurfes of Jupiter^ «' The 
jlrcadiansj fays he, call Thifoa^ Neda and AgM 
the nurfes of Jupiter \ the firft of which gave 
name to a city, the fecond to a river, the third 
to a fountain.'* Ithomey Adrajle and Ida are 
•alfo left upon record as honoured with the Of- 
fice : Adrajie is afterwards mentioned by our 
author (ver. 75)-r-all which (hew the truth of 
what I have advanced. HoelzUnus reads this 
line in the author — 

So Homer ytnyft nurai'^^(Mr» is exceptive here, 
** yfjax w^ the beft of the Grecians^ fays /&- 



fwr^ ^rafivfk09» W9i>^nma.^* This Philyre was 
the mother of the Centaur Chirony fprung from 
her and Saturn : Chiron is often from her called 
Phillyridis 'y and Jchilles is faid to have been 
educated at her houfe. So Pindar — ■ (at^ 
AxiXiv( retfAiv fxnw fiXu^ai tt Ao/aok. Nem. iii. y6«— - 
We may obfcrve, that the Poet has addreft him- 
felf to Jupiter thus far ; and afterwards con- 
tinues to do fo, but here he fays, «» /buy r^ri ft«i- 
vaarr^ — qua ipfum tunc nutriebant ; and this is 
no impropriety. For he turns, ^c^ it were, from 
addreihng his deity to inform the people of Neda 
and the other nurfes of Jupiter y and fettles the 
age and authority of Neday no trivial matter 
amongft the zealous worfhippers of this god :— 
fo that I cannot approve a reading once offered, 
m Tw TOTj, qua fe tibi nutrices prahuerunt. 
Dr. Bent ley y the younger, would have /xw refer 
to Rheoy and in the true fpirit of criticifm, cries 
out, ** Vertey qua ipfam (Rheam) tunc par- 
turientem curabant — 5 perperaniy i^fum^ cum 
Jovem alloquiturJ* But he does not feem to 
have attended diligently to the true fenfe of 
^Miuaauio in this place. 

Ver. 69. ylnd to Callifto's racey &c.] The 
original is v»A;yoi Xvxawnns A^xroio — • Ar^as was the 
fon of Calli/lo and from her it is, that the author 

here 



THE HYMN TO JUPITER. 

To Cnoflus brought^ the Melian nymphs abode, 
With joy the Melian nymphs embrac'd the God j 
His wants Adrafte fedulous fiipplies, 
And in the golden cradle lulls his cries : 
Milk from the duteous goat the God receives, 
And pleas'd the labouring bee her tribute gives : 



7S 
Hence 



here calls Ac Jrcadians^ " the po/lersty of Ac 
Lycaonian (he-bean" She was the daughter of 
Lycaafty and as the fable goes, was raviffied by 
Jupiter^ on which account the jealous Juno 
turned her into a (he bear. She was killed by 
the arrows of Diana^ and by her gallant re- 
moved into the heavens, wheie (he was made a 
conftellation known by the name of A^rK> or 
Vrfa major. Ovid relates the whole ftory : 

Jove faw the charming huntrefs unprepar'd, 
StretchM on the verdant turf, withouta guard : 
*« Here I am fafe, he cries, from Juno's eye. 
Or (hou'd my jealous queen the theft defcry : 
Yet wou'd I venture on a theft like this. 
And ftand her rage for fuch, for fuch a blifs." 
Diana's (hape and habit ftrait he took, CsTr. CfTr. 

Addison* 

And thus he fucceeded ; as you may fee at large 
in the 2d book of the Metamorphoses : This 
was the thiuiderer of the heathens ! — Some 
have given the fable an hiftorical explication — 
Apotent prince, under the appearance of a modeil 
l\iit and addrefs, robbed Calli/io of her virtue, the 
fruits of this afterwards' appearing, (he, to avoid 
the anger of his queen, was obliged to fly to 
the woods; which is fignificantly cxpreft by 
faying, (he was turned into a bear: She was 
killed byDiana^s darts, that is, in child^bed; 
and honours being conferred on her by the king, 
in complaifance, (he was faid to be mide a 
conftellation, no unconomon piece of flattery. 
There appears in the former lines of the original 
great beauty, not to be exprcft in a tranflation. 

p— - To^MiF trofii sro^ jmjt «irrt 



In the words iroO» and cv^%fvrmf, I mean parti- 
cularly ; for I cannot be of Stephen*^ mind, that 
voOi is here an expletive only, ornandi gratia : 
There are fewer fuch expletives in At Greek lan- 
guage J conceive, than wefometimes imagine ; volk 
here may very elegantly be conftrued oUmy^nd^K 
a river is a thing of continual courfe, evir^'roUing^ 
and yet ever rolled away ^ it b not, ovXj long Jince 
«^0i, but ftill, rolls on^ oi/pf ipiron- 

Labitur & labetur in omne volubilis ovum. 

Ver. 71.] TTie head- piece to this hymn will 
be a good comment upon this paflage : as will 
alfo the following lines from the moft learned 
and ufeful part of Ovid's works, his Liber Fojlo- 
rum J 1. v. ver. 115. 

Nats Amalth^a Cretaa nobilis Ida 

Dicitur infylvis occuluijfe Jovem. 
Huicfuit hadorum mater fonmfa duorum 

Inter diStaos confpicienda greges : 
Comibus aereis atque injua terga rccurvisy 

Ubere^ quod nutrix pejfet habere Jovis. 
Lac dabat ilia Deo. Sedfregit in arbore cornu, 

Truncaque dimidia parte decor is erat, 
Su)tulit hoc nymphe : cinxitq-y recent ibus herbis^ 

Et plenum pomis ad Jovis ora tuli, . 
Ille ubi res coeli tenuity felioque pate;no 

Sedit & inviSfo nil Jove majm erat : 
"Sidera Nutricem^ Nutt ids fertile corrtu 

Fciit ; quod Domina nunc quoque nome:i hcilct, 

. Ver. 'j^.'Milk .] Bochart very well 

illuftratcs this pafTage ; " Goats milk, he tells 
us, was not only of great ufe in medicine, but 
by many people ufed for daily food. Hence 
Solomony in his Proverbs xxvii. 27. Anl 
goats- milk cnoujgh for Ay foody for the food of 
C ihy 



10 THE HYMN TO JUPITER. 

Hence Amalthea ^midft the ftars was found ; 
Hence fame the bee, and Jotx s protedkm crowa'dt 



HlQB^ 



thy houihould, and the life of thy msideas. 
Paulus JEgimia obfcrvcs, that, Lac muliebre eft 
tmpiratijpmum — mox Caprilluai, bine ajfnmum^ 
roilhimque iff poftrgmo vaccinum. Woman's milk 
is moft temperate and wholfooie, then goat$^ 
then afies, and fheep*s, aad laftly cows." And 
hence the Aipreme of the Gods> Jupittr (or 
more probably fome prince of Crete about the 
time o{ Ahrabam) was fatd to be brought up with 
goats milk, and |he aftronomers gave the goat 
a place amongft the liars. They, who know how 
frequesktly the letters ^and L are chaneed one 
for the other, will eafily perceive that Janalthea 
came from the Pbofnkianj NPiDK Amantha^ 
which comes frona the Hthrew fliDN Amatub^ 
which b u(ed for a nurfe both in Rutb iv. i6. 
and \i\. the ad book of Samuel iv. 4. — Galen ob- 
ferves, Nm tuto Lac caprarum ffferri abfque 
Mellc, cum multis qui folum fumpferant^ in ventre 
jS/ coagulaitmL, quid b§miuem tmre gravat atque 
fuffocat. — That goats ndlk is n^it taken fafely 
without honeyy &c.— ; with which they were not 
imacquainted,. who in antient times afilgned Ju- 
;^£//r twonurfes; one Amalthia (the goat) who 
fed hip with goats milky the other melijfa (the 
bee) who'fed him with honey* Didymus in his 
book '^ivynam; Uaimfrnm^ fays> Melijia Cnten- 
fium regem prinium^ We, That A4iliffeus the 
king of the Cretans firft facrihced to the Gods» 
and introduced new rights and facred ceremonies. 
He had two daughters Amahbea aixl Meliffoy 
- which nurfed the child yirjf/W, and fed him with 
goats milk and honey : Whence arofib that fable 
of the poets, that bees flew to him, and filled 
the child's mouth with honey. Some of the 
anticnts tcH m^ that infants are firft fed with 
milk and honey : Barnabof in* his epiftle, fays,. 
** Why then fliould I mention miJi and honeys 
fince an infant is firft nourifhed with honey, then 
with milk ?" — See Bocbart di Anmialibus^ ST. 
L 2. Ci.5X. — it is fomcwhat very remarkable 
that ih\s divine infant fliould be nourifbed with 
the famc^ food, that the celebrated prophecy of 
l/aiuh appoints for the Son <f the Virgin : « But- 
ttr and honey (hall he eat, that he may know to 
lefufe the evil, and to choofe the %ooi^ chv vii« 



Yen 15. Butter is mtk wttb this aiidi|{oA» fhWi 
it is by great beat '2nd vioUnu coagulated and 
coagmentated \ and therefore the Hibirtw -word 
for it nKDn ff^fffot b derived frboi nOH Hamg 
the Sun or Cohi booty from whence alfo this fame 
yupiter takes one of his names, tfammm or 
Ammon. The Son of the Virgin was to ett of this 
mili and this butter^ thus prepared by Jire and 
violence: Out of himfelf alfo, the true Roci^ 
he eat the fpiritual honey. See Deut, xxxii. 13. 
and Pfal. txxxi. 16. Hence he fays of htm* 
felf, *< I have eaten my honey-coBib with mjF 
honey. I have drunk my winty with my 
miBJ* Song 0/ Solomon v. i. and of his fpomc 
the Church, *' Thy lips, oh my Ipoufe, drop 
as the honey-comh; honey and witk are under 
diy tongue: iv. 11. And as thefe were found 
in his ^oufe^ the church, fo were they piXK' 
mifed to the Ifreeelites in ther Canaaety. a lanA 
flowing with mili and honey. Tbefe fed and 
nourifbed the Son himfelf, thefe muft feed and 
nourifh every believer, every member of that 
church, every feeker after that heavenly Canaan 
where they richiy flow and abound, if they would 
like their niafter, *< eacreafe in wifdoni and 
fkture, and in favour with God and man.*^ 

Ver. 78. Hence fdmoy &c.] The fable that 
Jupiter was fed by bees, and that they there* 
fore were particularly proteAed by him, was 
very univerfal : Virgily who has done them and 
himfelf fo much honour, fpeaka thus in his 
4thG£ORaic. 

Proceed my muie the wond'reus talents fiiew,. 
Which grateful Jove Aid on the bees beftow: 
Since they by Cretan fwains, and cymbals led,, 
In Di^e^s cave heaven's infant monarch fed. 

L\UOSRDAL£». 

« Nay the cavekfelf where Jupiter was ihus 
fed by the bees, was afterwards made facied 
to them, and fo facred, that as the fable goes^ 
fome who difregarded the religion of the place,, 
covered all over with armour entered into it, 
and flole honey ; for which preemption Jupiten 
turned them into birds." Thus Antonin. Libe-^ 
ralis. And iathc fame place he tells us^ ** That 

tbefe 



THE HYMN TO JUPITER. 

HiGH-rais*d their brazen fhields, around ibee fiand. 
Great God, the Cotybantes, folenm band! 
Their clanging armour thundering they advance, 
To the harfh found refpond$ the myftic dance: 
Loud, rough and rude tumultuous clamours rile^ 
To mock old Saturn's ears, and quell thy cries. 

Swift was thy growth, and thus divinely train*d 
Mature the dawn of manhood was attained : 



II 



80 



85 



Yet 



thefebees the nurfes of Jupiter kept and gaard« 
cd that cave. Diodorus reports, <« tbattkefe 
bees were by Jupittr^ as an everlafting me- 
morial of his love to them, changed from 
their then natural into a fine golden or brazen 
colour. XaXjMi x^oMJ^ vA^irAw^. —^And 
tffi/i«if tells us, ** that in his time there were 
to be foimd on Ida of Crete^i iees^ x*^«^^( 
of a bcazen colour." The author calls the bee 
Panacrsany «Npa«^fc( §fym ftiXAkr^u;, and imme- 
diately fubjoins the reafon, as fome imagine, 
becaufe that mpuntain or a particular part of it, 
was called mamzp^, which Stephens fuppofes to 
have arifen from its height, nae» being here aug- 
mentative, as it frequently is when prefixed. And 
Diodorus obfcrves upon this place, ** that tho' 
it be extremely high and much expofcd to the 
winds and florms, yet :h« bees feel no incon- 
venience at all from thence." ] am apt to ima- 
gine, that this place was called vcucut^ from the 
bee, not the bee waxx^pj ^rom it : vmneutfiq is a 
diftinguIQiip.gand parcicuiar epithet of the bee: — 
ut qui Jlorum faftigii pervolat. — They, 

In fummers heat on tops of lillies feed, 

•as Dryden cxpreffei it — ^and again— 

Thcyjkim the floods, and^ the purple flowers. 

The learned reader muft have obfervcd fome 
things in this part of the hymn impoflible to ap- 
a poetical tranflation -*- particularly 



C" 



4+- ^^. 



Ver. 79. Higbrms^d^ Ike] This whole paf- 
~ fage is much bdl ijluftrated by fome of thole 
andent medals,^ of which we have many copies 
in books of anti^uitv^ where are pidured to as 
the infant God, and the fierce Corybantes hold- 
ing aloft their fhields and clanging them around 
him : The word mfoy^ in the original, is a 
pyrrbicy or martial kind of dancing. — Span- 
beim favours the fcholiafts explanation of the 
word OvVi, which he renders falutariter^ as the 
fcholiaft vyiitHt^f — which he fays, •* is a very 
appofite word, becaufe Jupiter was prcferved by 
this very dancing around htm.'' This furely is 
too mean for fuch a poet as CalUmachus : It 
rather feems to exprefs the vehemence of their 
motion, and the ftrenuous beating of their ar* 
mour ; and indeed the author always ufes it in 
that fenfe (the beft prefumption which can be 
that he does fo here.) 

Valde Jlrepehant^ we read in the.hymn to Diana, 
ver, 247. where it is ufed only to exprefs vehe- 
mence : Stephens, very juftly in the above lin€ 
alters yn to w-n wifi ^»fx^^^' ^^^' 5** 
Ver. 85. Swift, Sic] The original is, 

of© i'tuiffiit^ai ■ ■■ 

AAA rri ^enh^i »w 9ffaaff»9 mttfia nA«M»' 

C 2 The 



12 THE HYMN TO JUPITER. 

Yet ev*n, dread ruler of the Gcxls, when young, 
Thy mind was perfed and thy fenfe was ftrong : 
*Twas hence thy brother's, though the firft in birth, 
Nobly avowing thy fuperior worth. 
And fcoming envy, own'd it right, when jgiv'n 
To JovE the empire of themfelves and heav*n. 

Vain bards of old to fidtion that incline, 
Fabling relate, that heaven by lot was thine : . 
In equal things the urns dark chance we try j 
But how bears hell proportion to the fky? 
The difference who but madmen have not j(een. 
Wide as the diftance either realm between I 



90 



95 



Did 



This paflage appears to me in a (enfe fome- 
fhing different from that which the commenta* 
tors in general give It ; they imagining the en- 
creafe was of his mind only y not of hb body. ^^ I 
don't take the words 0|» y«fw6i^««> fays Stephens, 
as If they meant, Jupiter foon grew upinjhture, 
J}ut that he was ripe or adult in wifdom before 
the ufual time, and even in his childhood (for 
the poet fubjoins oAa' fr» maii^ %m) left any one 
ihould imagine him in mind and judgment a 
child." The fenfe of the paffage feems literally 
this: ** Swift was your encreafe or growth, 
ffC2iXjovey for [h-\s frequently ufed for ya(] 
for excellent was the method of your education: 
Swift you grew up to manhood, and the foft 
down rofe early oA your chin ; though during 
the ihort feafon you continued a child, your foul 
was inits full peVfeftion,and yourthoughts great, 
ripe, and worthy of God. For which reafon, 
becaufe your thoughts were always great, t^c, 
your brothers envied you not, as being far 
their fuperior in worth, the empire of the hea- 
vens, tf tf." This fenfe is much different from 
that wherein the paflage is commonly taken, but 
I think, conveys a loftier idea of his God^ and 



pays him a nobler complement ; ^ which muft 
always determine us in fuch cafes. Though the 
word mwiKq (ignifies fomething more of puberty 
than m«nq (mtUim being as Hefychius explains it, 
one qui excejfit i pueris, what the Attics call 
arrivAK) vet by the poets it is often ufed in the 
fame fenie as mat(. So Homer 

where Eftatheus obferves— -^rM^vf is for •«k* 
It is faid of our Blefled Saviour that « the Child 
grew and waxed ftrong in fpirit, filled with 
wifdom, and the Grace of God vns upon him 5'* 
and alfo " J^fri encreafed in wifciom and ila- 
ture,-and in favour with God and man/' See 
note 75 at the end. 

The reader of Mr. Prior*s tranflation muft 
obferve., that part of it here is abfolutely unin- 
telligible 

— Inventive w/V, 
And perfed judgment crown'd thy youthful a^. 

His next lines are truly noble^ worthy the att*» 
thor and tranflator. 



THE HYMN TO JUPITER. 

Did I form fables, like thofe bards of old, 
With iliew of truth my ftories fhould be told : 
Yet would I fcorn to vilify my fong, 
With fidions to amufe the vulgar throng* 

Let me avow, that not by chance was given, 
But by thine own right hand the throne of heaven : 



13 



100 



Dread 



Vcr. 99. Did I, &c J Mr. Prior and Mr. Piitj 
after him, have omitted a line in this place, 
which, to me, gives the original a very grand 
and admirable tum« After he has convi£led the 
old poets, the author, preparing to give (what 
he calls) the true account, feizes upon the 
reader's attention in this line. 

In the true meaning of v^hich the commentators 
are divided,, virhich might occafion the omiffion 
in thefe gentlemen ; the fcale feems to incline 
to Suphens^s fide, his appearing the moft natural 
and eafy fcnfe of the pafTage. He tranflates it— 
AlenUrer qua ferfuaderi pojjint auribus ejus qui 
ea audiret^ — lAfter the author has told us, that 
what the old poets related thus of the divifions 
between the three brethren, &r. was a mere 
fable ; he goes on, I wonder, they fhould relate 
fuch glaring fal(hoods» which manifeflly con- 
. tradid common fenfe and reafon : As to mylHf, 
was I it.cUned to tell fabulous ftories, I would 
do it with more caution : ^^wJbi^^v, &c. I would 
. at lead To manage my fables and fi(5lioa<!, as to 
draw credit from my hearer, and if not ftri£tly 
true, yet they fhould wear the face of probabi- 
lity/* ** PeJJime vertuntj fays the younger Dr. 
Bentley ; thus I tranflate it : Si mentiri velim, ea 
mendacia dicam, qua Jifti verijimilia^ & qua au- 
ditor em inducant, ad credendum. Poeta^. fays 
PlautuSj facit illud verifindle^ quod mendacium 
efi. As to that interpretation of Gronowus^ 
which Gravius approves, it is inexplicable ^Jlvpidy 
unmeaning. — " '1 he do^or himfelf is indebted 
tS Stephens for this explication, which he gives 
as his own j and therefore might a^ well have 



fpared that dogmatical allertion at the end : For 
certainly there is great beauty in the interpreta- 
tion of Gronaviusj and it was no difficult matter 
for an interrogation to have dropt from the 
end of a line, as Gronovius imagines ; nay, we 
know the original MSS have no flops at ^11 : — 
Mentirerne ego^ qua pla:erent auribus ejus^ qui 
ea audiret f The poet having told you the ab« 
furdity of the fables related upon this occafion 
by the former poets, gives his own performance 
the air of truth : •* Thefe, fays he, are fables^ 
with which mankind has been amufed and de- 
ceived : For my own part (in matters of fuch 
moment) I would not relate untruths to gain the 
approbation of every hearer." Wou'd I — great 
Jupiter — or cou'd I do this ? — No, in order to 
expofe their folly, I rehearfe their fidions — but, 
as thy poet and prophet, in this facred hymn to 
thy honour and fervice, I deliver only what is 
the religious truth, and my particular creed/' 
There appears nothing in this (oflupid and Tn- 
explicable ; nothing works upon anv reader or 
hearer, fo much as an appearance of ftriA attach- 
ment to truth in an oration or work; and we find, 
that it was no uncommon method with the old 
poets (and why fhould we not believe them fin- 
cere?) toaflume this appearance, and thereby, a 
fupcriority over other poets: £*tfr/^/V#j introduces 
his Hercules refuting the fcandalous tales of the 
former bards, concerning the anK)urs of the 
Gods, and faying, 

Thefe are the wretched tales of fabling bards« 

The reader immediately by this artifice imsgincs 
the fpeaker about to de^ver the whole truth. 

I have 



14 THE HYMN TO JUPITER. 

Dread Power and Strength th&r mutual aid (upplj d, 
And hence were fcated near their foyereign's fide. 
Then too, great king the eagle was ailign'd, 
To man the favorite augui* of thy mind : 



105 



To 



I have endeavoured to exprefs both fenfes in die 

tranflation^ as the original will bear both ; and 
lubjoin a paraphrafe by StepbgnSf as a juftifica- 
uoti of my own. 

Haudmentiri illos vates tarn ahfurda itcthmt^ 
Vfqui adeo nuUo virifucata c9lor€ ^ 
Pondent ut n&o Ji foru.ixamm fuifyuamf 
Dtriditida queant mage quam crtdenda videru 
Sitlvereji libeat nofiramad mendacia tinguam^ 
Saltern verba loquarj pemtus men abfina veris^ 
Nen indignafide mea diSia $it judictt auris. 

Ver. 105. Power i &c.] Bin and Kafroq were - 
fuppofed by the antients to be two perfonages at- 
tendant on Jupiter ; they are introduced by the 
poet Oefchylus as the fatellites 6f Jupiter^ whom 
fulcan addreffes thus — 

Kparoc B»«ri afenf foy lrro^t9 Aiof 
E;^e( Tf^otf ^1 neui uia tftmo^tn in* 

And when Ovid in his Fa/iiy tells us, rfiat honor 
and reverence begat maje/fj^ by whofe fide awe 
and dread placed themfelves, and being defend- 
ed by Jupiter never fmce left the heavens, he 
jpcaks in the fame manner with our author : 

—Honor, placidoque decens reverentia vultu 

Corpora legitimis impofuere torts : 
Hincfata majeftas : has ejl dea cenfa parentcs ; 

^uaque die part a ejl edit a y magna fuit. 
Nee mora conjedit medio fublimis olympo^ 

durea purpureo conjpicienda Jinu : 
Conjedere ftmid Puiivji iff Mctus : onaie videres 

Numen ad banc cultus compofuijffe fuos. 

Then arofe the Titans -^ when 

Ful/tina de cceli jaculatus Jupiter aree 
. Vertit in auStoris pondera vafia fmi : 
His bene majeftas armis defenfa Deofum^ 

Rejfat et ex illo tempore fir ma manet : 
Affidit ilia Jovi,^ Jovis eft fidijjima cttftos^ 

Etf raft at fine vifieptra trmenda Jovis ^ ^c. 



It is fcarce neceffary to put the reader k mini 
of the many paflages in Scripture, the Pjalms 
particularly, to which our author is remarkably 
fimilar : Wiih his own right handy and with hit 
holy arm hath he gotten hi mjelf (he viftory. Pfalm 
xcviii. I. Hooked and there was none to help, 
and I wondered that there was none to uphold ; 
therefore mine own arm (faith Jehovah our Re- 
deemer) brought falvation unto me, and my 
fury it upheld me. Tfalah !xiii. 5. compare alfo 
lix. l6rf Thou haft a mighty arm, ftrong is thy 
band znd high is thy fight hand: Juftice and 
judgment are the habitation [marg. eftaUiJhmefitl^ 
of thy throne : Mercy and truth (hall go before 
thy face. Pfiilm Ixxxix. 13. com. xcvii. 2. Chrift 
is called the power of God, and the wifdom of 
God. I Cor. i. 24. and boncur and power [«p«th] 
are by St. Paul afcribed to him. i Tim, y'u 16. 

It will be neceffary to remind the reader of 
a ftrange miftake, which Mr. Prior hath made 
here in his tranflation, mifled by a bad Latin pa* 
raphrafe of our author — which renders Aiff«t, 
cwrrumy a chariot^ though it here fignifies fedemy 
z feat, the throne of Jupiter : The reader will, 
by confulting Mr. Prior^ foon fee the error. 

Ver. 1 07. The eagle. &c ] CaWmacbus calls it — 
OiAiroi luy mrm^x^'-^tbe bird far moft excellent 
of aii others. Agreeably to our author Horace 
(peaks thus in the beginning of one of his 
beft odes-*- 

^alem tniniftrum fulminis atttem 
Cut rex Deorum regnum in aves vagas 

Permifit^ 

As the majeftic bird of towering kind. 
Who bearsthe thunder thro* the etheiial Tpace, 
To whom the monarch of the Gods affign'd. 
Dominion o'er the vagrant featherM race — 

DuNKtw. 

And as thus being Jov/s thunder- bearer y the 

eagle 



THE HYMN TO JUPfTBR. 

To me and mine oh I may he <wx |)tpve 
The happy omen of thty care and love I 

Thyselb fupreme ; as ^hou haft weil «ingR*d» 
The Gods fubordinate command mamSdnd : 



»5 



lib 



The 



eagle was particularly affigned to him, and in 
Us/aV9ur. 

*^fuafulmina cunns 
FimfiUt pidibus — Divum gratijjima regi. 

The caufe wlur the eagle was fo particularly 
appropriated to Jupiter and called his tbundir- 
leareTj has greatly perplexed and puzzled the 
mytbologifts, who have given a number of rea- 
ibns, no lefsabfurd than impcobable ; £#rv/«f fcts 
down very gravely to account for this matter, 
and tells us a couple of ftrange ftories concern-* 
ing Jupiter^s being carried away when an infant 
by an eagle, and of his being in love with a boy 
named Amc, the Grak word for an eagle Such 
ftories want only to be mentioned, to refute 
tbcmfelvcs. It appears very plain, why the 
heathens ufed this fymbol, if we refer to the 
Scripture, and nothing elfe can give us any 
plaufibk folution of the matter. We may fii^ 
refledl, what it lis, that really bears the thunder^ 
is the vehicle^ by whidi it is carried^ and that 
we all know to be the air^ from whence we 
reafonably conclude that the eagle was a fymbol 
©f the air: This is confirmed by the whole 
voice of antiquity, by which we are clearly afllir- 
ed that the eagle was worfhipped as a fymbol of 
the air. But how came it fo to be f for this we 
rouft have recourfe to the figure of the Cherubim^ 
fet up at the gates of Paradije^ and in the Hely 
if Helte^j of which Exeiiel has given us fo full 
a defcription in his ift and loth chapters. This 
figure of die cherubim wcas a con)pound figure 
of four feces Joined to one body— the faces were 
tJ^ofe of a bull, an eagle^ a lion, and a man, 
and was a (ymbolkal reprefentatipn of the Tri'- 
. nity in Unity, with the great myftery of the 
Warnatian*-> the bull, being a type of God the 



father, as alfd of fire ; the eagles of God the 
Holy Ghoft, as alfo of air y and the lion of 
God die Son, as atfo of li^t ; and the man, of 
human nature taken into the efTeiice and joined 
to the lion, God the Son. The uigU was thus 
madp an emblem of the Holy Spirit^ and alfo 
oi airy which, with the addition of Holy, i» 
the name of the Third Perfon •— oyw «rf«p», 
the Koly Ghofl, fpirity air : And being thus 
in the vejy original of tilings coi/ecrated to diat 
purpofe, was afterwards, by idolaters, mifapplied, 
and mifunderilood ; remaining flill amongft 
them a type or fymbol of the air, though they 
had forgotten the next flep, namely, that the 
air was itfclf but a type : From this figure of the 
Cherubim moft of the abufes and furprifing 
conjundions in the heathen mythology arofe ; 
but as it would be too long to fpeak fiitly of 
it here (or at leafl as its importance demands) 
I will fubjojn a fliort account of it in the ap* 
pendix : In the mean time, we may remember 
Aat the Greek name of the e^e A»ro(> confirma 
_ what hath been advanced, that the bird is a 
fymbol of the air : For the etytnoL magnum, de- 
rives it from tutF^m i Atroff ^»i» rt cumofm, vo ^fi^^ 
to rvjh on or forwards^ to move round with im- 
petuojity^ the ytrj charafferifiic of the air^ which 
rufhcs in every where, and moves round in* 
circulation from the center of the univerfe 
to the circumference. The Almighty in the 
Pfalms is faid to rids upon a cberuby and to* 
fy ;. and then what that cherub is, we ai^e in- 
formed, ^^ He came flying upon the wings of the 
wind:'* xviii.io. /• ^.upon the wings of the eagle^i 
the cherub, and fymbol of rhe wind, air, or 
fpirit, agreeable to which the Remans defcribet 
their Jupiter Qlympius^ riding upon an eagh v 
as you may fee in any of themytholog^ib< 



i6 THE HYMN TO JUPITER. 

The merchant, poet, and the man of war, 

Each to his guardian power prefers his prayer : 

While mighty kings (whofe univerfal fway 115 

The foldier, merchant and the bard obey) 

Their grateful offerings to the altar bring 

Of Jove, their fbvereign, Jove of kings tfce king. 

The Iboty fmiths to Vulcan's temple move. 

And hunters glory in Diana's love : 120 

Mars reigns defpotic o'er the warrior throng. 

And gentle Phoebus claims the fbns of fong : 

But monarchs bend at thy eternal fhrine. 

By Jove ordain'd, defended, and divine. . 

They rule from thee : while from thy towers on high 

Alike extends thy providential eye 

O'er kings, their nation's fcourge, or kings, their nation's joy. j 

To thefe of glory thou the means hafl giv'n. 

Such as bcfuits the delegates of heav'n : 

Thine 

Vcr. 121.. Bf fme, &c.] This fentimcnt ^ ^. , .... 

that all the power and authority of fangs was j,° . . /. . . '^^ .y ? * 

derived from the fuprtfme, • and fo, confe- '^" " '"" tfyf^*'*"' fj J 

q jently eUvinei is by no means peculiar to our So in the Proverbs of Solomon, Wtfdom fays, 

author : there is fcarce any of the poets that By me kings reign, and princes decree juf. 

do not herein agree with him : we have it in fle- tice, He. viii. 15. The reader cannot but ob- 

tntr, Hefiid, Thtocritus, Mo/chus, Pindar, Ho- fcrve, that this paflage bears analogy to that of 

race, Virgil, ice. indeed Hefted and Virgil ufe St. PauFs in his epidle to the Remans xiii. 11. 

the fame words with our author — E* U Li^ Ba< " Let every foul be fubjeA to the higher powers. 

«x«i{ — fays the former ; and ah Jovefunt ngesy For there is no power but of God : the powers 

the latter ; and Horace beautifully, that be 9re irdaintd of God, i^e. See alfo 

I Pet. 



^ 125 



THE HYMN TO JUPITER. 

Their fplendid pomp thy hand alone beftows ; 
But not on all a like profufion flows, 
A Hke profufion of thy gifts divine : 
As plain we note, great Ptolemy, from thine ; 
Whofe plenteous bleffings from almighty Jove, 
At once thy power, and his protedion prove. 
To all the morn within thy breaft conceives 
Matureperfedion the glad evening gives : 
Thy greateft purpofes fliort days fulfil. 
Thy fmaller^ inilantaneous as the will. 



"7 
130 



135 



But 



\ Pet. ii. 13; St. PauPs word ordaiTnd{mthc ori'- 
ginal TtrayfAMai) I have ufed ia the tranflation, 
as moft expreffiveof the author's meaning in the 
words, 

the fcholiaft reads »«!»» for x«|»f, which I judge to 
be the true reading, and St. Paul's word TrraiyfitfM 
confirms me in this opinion. — The poet places 
theGod AjepiK If vrtXiaffw, itithecitadehj OX Watch- 
towers: And thzt f^ijs Gravius, becaufe citacfels 
were facred to Jupiter ^ as Ariftides in his hymn 
witneffeth. Hence amongft the Romans Jupiter 
CapitoHnus. 

Ver. 133. As^ &c.] The complement, which 
the poet here pays hb great prince and patron 
Ptolemy^ has been juftly admired as a mafter- 
piece in this hymn ; and I cannot conceive, by 
what means it happened* that Mr. Prior (hould 
totally overlook it, and fo widely miftake the 
Author in his tranllatioin ; robbing him of that, 



whitch has ever been efteemed a {hinlng and 
peculiar beauty. The poet places his hero in 
the very next rank to Jupiter^ whofe preroga- 
tive, as a God, it is to fpeak and perform, in 
every the moft arduous matter to human con- 
ceptions; which though Ptolemy could not 
attain to, yet we find in fmaller matters, his 
thoughts were immediately perfected, and in 
the greateft, a day fufficed to mature his defigns. 
I fliall have occanon to fpeak more pf this paf- 
fage in the encomium of Ptolemy by Theocritusy 

and therefore omit to do fo here : 1 cannot 

help remarking, that the Centurion who came to 
our Lord in full acknowledgment of his divine 
power, reafoned in this manner, faw and kneWp 
that Jefus as a God muft be able inftantly to 
perform his almighty pleafure, and confidering . 
his own fmall authority over his foldiers, con- 
cluded juftly of our Mafter's power over all 
nature, his workmanfhip, and every being, his 
creature and fervant. See St* Matth, viii. 5, i^<* 



i8 THE HYMN TO JUPITER. 

Their councils blafted fome for ever mourn, 
Years follow years, and days on days return ; 
While ftill difpers'd and fcatter*d with the wind 
Each purpofe fails, their guardian God unkind. 

Hail Satum*s fbn, dread (bvereign of the fides. 
Supreme dilpofer of all earthly joys : 
What man his numbers to thy gifts could raife, — 
What man hath fung, or e*er fliall fing thy praife ? 



140 



145 



The 



V«r. 140. Butfomey &c.] ** The author in 
this paiTage, fays Spanheimj beautifully fatyri* 
zes dilatory procraftinating princes, to whom, 
according to Homer — Bfoavt/frt nof, Xtimi h n 
/*i»TK.'* This feems to be rather an over-flretched 
meaning, and what the words don't at all con- 
vey. The author in the former part told us, 
** That the favour of the God was unequally 
diftributed amongft his vicegerents, to fome 
more, fome lefs : that Ptolemy was an illuftrious 
proof of his fuperior and diftinguiihing regard ; 
while others, though protefted and regarded by 
him, were fo in a lefs degree, and though 
powerful, had not the eminence wherewith his 
particular favorite was Weft/* Neverthelefs I 
ihould be glad to find the fenfe of this ingenious 
commentator approved, as it gives his author no 
fmall credit y and would be willing to impute it 
to myfelf, that I cannot fee this beauty, rather 
than deprive CalUmachus of an honour Spanheim 
thinks worthy of him. — The fame excellent 
perfon obferves moreover ; that in the laft line 
of this paflage, the poet nobly hints to us the 
rnftability and wer.kncfs of even the greateft 
monarchs without the affiftance of the Gods, 
and the vanity of every purpofe, without their 
aid, from whom defcends all power and glory. 
We have numerous expreflions in fcripture to the 
fame effeft : where we are told, that the Lord 
biingcth to nought the counfel of the heathen. 



and maketh the decrees of the people of none 
efFcft, P/&/. xxxiii. 10. The reader, upon a 
diligent perufal of this Pfalniy will find many 
things in k fimilar to what hath gone before in 
CalUmachus y particularly ver. 13. where we 
read — The Lord looketh from beaven^ he heboid" 
eth all die fons of men. From the plate of bis 
hahitationy he looketh upon all the inhabitants 
of the earth. See line 1 25. — Again, ver. i8. 
Behold the eye of the Lord is upon them that 
fear him, upon them that hope in his mercy.— 
Ver. 22. Let thy mercy, OXord, be upon us 
as we hope in thee. See line 151, ^c, — ^Manjr 
other paffages, no lefs fhiking, will, I doubt 
not, occur to the attentive reader* 

Ver. 146. Whatman^ &c.] The very learned 
Mr. Dawes in his MifcelUnea Critical is too fevere 
upon our author, where he confiders the prefent 4 
paRage ; and he mufl pardon me, if I think his 
alteration renders the paffage, as he exprefles it, 
reoMy jejune and idle. To fet his criticifm in a 
true light I find it neceffary to give you his own 
words, which, though long, 1 doubt not the 
reader will very readily excufe, as coming from 
a man fo j]iftly eminent. 

This pafTage all the commentators, except 
Stephens^ have paft by unregarded. He obferves, 

« That 



THE HYMN TO JUPITER. 

The bard is yet, and ftill flxall be unborn : 

Who can a Jove with worthy ftrains adorn ? ^^li. 



19 



^< That CalUmachus probably wrote »#<^o#, as in 
the preceding vcrfe. The particle «» is certainly 
improperly joined with an indicative mood ; and 
therefore I (hould chofe either ati}ti% or ••ktii. But 
aii^M (whkrh fome one perhaps may be for 
reading) I entirely difapprove." Whether you 
read tK «» euiauy tk «ct ari^u, or T»? xn aiwro*, you 
read a folcctfm. The firft expreflion the learn- 
ed commentator obferves is faulty, on account 
of «w being joined with an indicative mood. But 
not accurately enough ; for the fault dos not lie 
in that it is joined with an indicative mood, but 
that it is joined with a future indicative ; fmce 
the paft tenfes of that mood, as well imperfeft 
as perfect , as alfo both aorifts often have that 
panicle joined with them. That the fccond ex- 
prefSon is abfoljtely contrary to the genius of 
thcGreei language — nos prim! monemus. — The 
third Stephens entirely difapproves, but is filent, 
for what reafons. We* muft obferve (what, 
indeed, feems to have mlfled many very learned 
men) that verbs of that form (of which is «ii(ro#) 
are never ufed in an optative fenfe, or joined 
with the particle «»or ay ; but ufed in the paft 
tenfes in a future fignification. ♦ Arijlophanes. 

Eytf >ap ftf^ fuipaueiov HIIEIAHr 'orft 

Moftfc Bat^otfAnf. And again, 

+ YnEmOTIHS Sot* 
Ek icirtpa9 'HSOIMI — Again, 

X 'HKHKOEIX yetf HSAGH muoi «n>ri 
AIKA£OIEN tvft tak oixiouo'i rof hxa^ 
KaiTOK vpodvpoK ctnuu^ofAno'u [1. ANOIKOAO- 
MM£0£J mai amp.— 

And now having eft<jbli/hed, as the very learned 
perfon conjeftured, the ««&• in the place of the 
oih.T, let us confider the fentence. In the La- 
tin tranflations we find it thus. Tua' ver9 opera 
quis eelehret? Non fuit ; non erit : quis Jovis 
opera eelehret? Where firft, that expreffion non 
fuit : mn erit, is fo elliptical, that an example 



Hail, 



like it can fcarcc be found. They muft nc- 
ccffarily fill it up thus : " Non fuit quifquam 
qui cetebrare potuijfetj non erit qui celebrare po* 
terit** We are not fo difficult, as to condemn 
this : Permit it then : But fince by this, a moft 
full anfwer is given to thequeftion — «« ^'ip5*«I« 
TK««»«ft^oi — tua vero opera quifnam celebrett 
Who can endure a repetition of the fame quef- 
tion immediately after it has been anfwered ? 
for my part I never met with anything hjejuncy 
ahfurd and idle. That of Ovid concerning Cal^ 
limachus every one knows. 

Battiades toto femper cantabitur orhe 
^uamvis ingenio non valet ^ arte valets 

What induced Ovid to write this, I leave to the 
difcretion of others. But be that as it will, one 
thing I knoWy that CalUmachus never would have 
wrote this paflage, if he had not wanted art as 
well as geniuu Lucretius has a paflage much 
of the fame kind. 

^is potis eji diSlum poUenti peSfore carmen 
Condereprorerum majejlate^ hi f que repertis? 
^is ve valet verbis tantum^ quifundere laudet 
Pro meritis ejus pojjity qui talia nobis 
PeSlore parta fuo^ quafttaq\ preemia liquit f 
Nemo ut opinor erit mortali corpore cr^tus. 

This indeed is elliptical, but nothing like Cal^ - 
limachus. If you fill up this — Nemo erit, qui 
dignum carmen condere pofftt^ l^c. you fufficiently 
anfwer the queftions found in the foregoino- 
lines : But if immediately after the 6th you was 
to repeat the 5th foregoing, I need not fay how 
abfurd and ridiculous you would render tlie paf- 
fage. But this very abfurdity, except that the 
words repeated are fewer, is the very fame in 
CalUmachus, — " Will you then attempt to re- 

ftore fo embarafled and incurable a paffage." 

Yes — and that I think may be done without 
great difficulty. Thus I would underfland it. 

Oif ymr\ «!' tr«« tk, »«iy Aiof i^fuir twhu 



♦ Plut. L. 88. 



tL. 



9Q8. 
D 



X y^^ 79^- 



Tua 



20 THE HYMN TO JUPITER. 

Hail, father" — ! tho' above all praifes, hear; 
Grant wealth and virtue to thy. fervant's prayer : 



150 



Wealth 



Tua viTo opira quls tandim aUbraverit f non 
natus ift^ non eritquifquaniy qui Jovis opera ceU- 
brare poterit.^* — I believe the criticifin, fevere 
as it feems, to an impartial enquirer, is almoft 
its own anfwer. As to the ellipticalnefs of the 
cxpreffion, few in every part of ftudy and of 
life, but meet with many of the fame kind. — 
For how is it poffible for the author to have ex« 
preft himfelf otherwife I How jejune indeed 
would it have been had he faid. Who could 
fing thy praife, there never was a nian who 
couldj there never v/ill be a man who can^ &c. 
How much more, noble — Who can fing thy 
praife ? The man is not born nor ever will, 
for what man can ever fmg the praife oiyupittr? 
There I imagine the ftrefs and emphafis is to be 
layed on AlOSi^^roi, which Mr. Dawes 
fcems not aware of, when he fays the very fame 
quejlion is repeated. There is peculiar beauty 
in that noble repetition. For who can flng the 
praife of a Jupiter? . and had the ingenious 
critic been much converfant in the works of an- 
tient and modern poets, he would have found 
emphatical repetitions of this kind extremely 
frequent. The poef in the firft quefiion is fpeak- 
ing to the God not %p^wict : raptured as it were, 
he elegantly and very properly burfts out into 
th^ great impoffibility of worthily praifing his 
fupreme. ** There never was nor 'ever will 
be a man born fufficient to praife him ;" for, 
recolledling and fpeaking to himfelf, perhaps, 
or clfe to the hearers he cries out, ** How 
is it poffible they fhould f for, wiio can fing 
the praife of Jtipitery the great fon of Si{tai ;/, 
the fupreme and fovcreign of all the Gods ? whom 
he had juft honoured with the nioft exalted 
epithet trayorifrari exfuperanttjftme.^* 

Ver. 151. I^irtue^ wealth, "^ CaUimachus here 
proves himfelf a very excellent morwlift, and 
plainly hints at the principle of the Stoics^ who 
maintained ths^t virtue was ayrapxij?, entirely fuf- 
ficient to a happy life: He knew better, and 
found each one, virtue anJ riches, abfbliite'y 
nccclFary for theobiainij^gtru;;happineft. Virtue 



without fome fupport needleist poor, deijpifedy 
and in rags is unequal to the fhock — 

♦ Few can bear the whips and fcorns of time, 
Th* opprcflor's wrong, the proud man con- 
tumely. 
The infolcncc of office, and the fpurns 
That patient merit of th' unworthy takes :— . 

Without finking beneath the burden; but if 
wealth and power is united with virtue, what a 
field is there to aft in, to diffufe good and hap- 
pinefs to ourfelves and all mankind ? There never 
was a more wife petition from a heathen. Riches 
without virtue arc a firebrand in the hand of a 
mad-man; given only, as a great writer cx- 
prcfles himfelf, *« As a confpicuous proof and 
example of how fmall cftimation exorbitant 
wealth is in the fight of God, when he beftows 
it on the moft worthlefs of mankind.'* The 
celebrated prayer of the wife Jgur is nearly of 
the fame import with this of our poets : <* Give 
me neither poverty nor riches, feed me 
with food convenient for me ; left I be full, 
and deny thee, and fay, who is the Lord ? 
or, left I be poor and fteal, and take the name 
of my God in vain." Proverbs xxx. 8. But 
in the 7 th chsi^ter of Ecclefiajies^ ver. 11. we 
have the immediate obfervation — «« W^ifdom is 
good with an inlieritance, and by it there is 
profit to them that fee the Sun. For wifdom is a 
defence, and money is a defence : but the excel* 
lency of knowledge is, that wifdom giveth life 
to them that have it.'* The conclufioa of this 
hymn is moft noble ; the elegance and fweet- 
nefs of the poetry, joined with the intrinfic 
grandeur and beauty of the thought, prefent 
us with the molt elevated ideas. — 1 muft 
obfervc, Homer concludes two of his fhort 
bymjis with the fame petition as our poet. 
1 hat to Vukan — with 



♦ aw:Af. 



That 



THE HYMN TO JUPITER. 
Wealth without virtue but enhances fhame, 
Aiid virtue without wealth becomes a name : 
Send wealth, fend virtue then : for join'd they prove 
The blifs of mortals, and the gift of Jove. 



21 



155 



That to Hirculusy with 

whence it is obvious to remark, that this was a 
very favorite petition amongft the heathens. 

Horace has a very good ^timent to the (ame 
purpofe with our author i— 

Et genus it virtus^ niji cum re vtUor alga. . 
and for this reafon, fays Menander^ 

Theocritus having before celebrated Ptolemy's 
wealth and power, of which he could not even 
wiih encreafe, they vi^re fo targe, concludes his 
hymn with 

Aftm^ yt fitt tiL Awf airiou 

as if he never could have too large an encreafe 
of virtue, though eminently renowned for it. — 
There are» who have imagined the poet here 
makes a kind of genteel petition to his king, and 
infmuates, that his fongs and genius were not 
fufficient to make him happy, without the other 



great and material ingredient, fince fame and 
merit alone are not able to feed a man : 

So prayfen babes the peacock's fpotted traine 
And wondren at bright ^r^»x blazing eye ; 
But who rewards him ere the more for thy ? 
Or feedes him once the fuller by a graine f 
Sike praife is fmoke, that (heddeth in the (kye,. 
Sike wordes beene wiude and waften foon ia 
vaine. 
Spekser's Calendar f loth Eclogub. 

. They have, I fay, conceived his cafe fome- 
thing like tjiis of poor complaining Spenfer*s^ 
who felt too truly, what he hath fo beautifully 
expreft : but with regard to Callimachus it may 
be hard to fay any thing certain of this matter,, 
as we are ignorant of his fituation with refpe£t 
to his great benefactor at the time of writing 
this hymn ; but fmce it is moft probable that he 
was then high in favour, and in the mufaum^ he 
had certainly no occafion to hint any thing of 
this kind. Such far-fetched and over-ftrained 
conjeftures fhould not be indulged, when the 
whole tenor of an author's thoughts feems toa* 
nobly elevated to be capable of mean infinua- 
tibns like thefe. 



End of the Hymn to Jupiter. 



GENERAL REMARK. 

"* Hymn to Apollo.] ** The tafk you injoined mc (obferves an ingenious friend) of taking a 
clofer and more accurate view of this hymn, has brought its own reward with it. I take it to 
be one of the moil valuable remnants of antiquity ; becaufc it informs us, in fomenieaflire, how 
general and deep an impreffion the tradition of a Rediemer had made on the minds of men. And 
I think, we need not at all fcruple to fay, that in this poem we may fee fome of the great out- 
lines of HIS charader, though corrupted with foreign mixtures and attributed to a wrong 
object. But even thefe very miftakes, will not appear furprizing upon the then received prin- 
.ciples of mankind, and may fo eafily be accountid for from Divine Revelation^ as to ferve in fome 
degree to confirm the truth of it. — '- When the heathens had once fallen into that grand apoftacy 
.of fetting up the heavens for their God, and worihipping it as a felf-exiflent independent being, it 
is no wonder they attributed to their arch-idol ^ what was only due, and what was originally ac^ 
knowledged to belong to the True God. Nay, I cannot think it at all wonderful, even upon a 
fuperficial view (and the nK>re clearly we examine this matter, the more thoroughly, I am per* 
iuaded,we fhall be convinced) that theyaffigned diflindi offices to their trinity (fire, light and fpirit) 
in the fame manner nearly as the true believers did to theirs (Fathery Son and Holy Ghojl^ of 
whom thefe material agents are the emblems or reprefentatives.) Of this numberlefs instances 
might be given. But as the following hymn will fhew us, how they atttributed the fame offices to 
the material Sun^ which were only due, and which throughout the Old Teflamcnt are claimed 
for, or foretold of, the Sun of right eoufnefsy that true lights which lighteth every man^ that 
xometh into the worlds — I ihall at prefent confine myfelf to that; but here I muft beg leave 
to remind you of an obfervation, which in this fort of enquiries ought never to flip out of our 
memories ; namely, that before the revelation of literal writing, men had no other wny of 
preferving the knowledge they had, and of conveying it to poflerity, fo certain and infallible^ 
as taking fome animal ox trecy that did, xnfome refpeSl^ refemble the material or fpirituaF objed: 
they would defcribe ; and making it the reprefentative or fymbol of that objeft ; or, as it has 
fince been called, making fuch fymbol (whether tree or animal) facred to that objeft. And it 
requires no great fkill in antiquity to prove, that this method of communicating knowledge, efpe- 
cially in re^gious matters, was continued long after the ufe of letters was firfl difcovered to man- 
kind." The reader is defircd to bear thefe remarks in mind, during the courfe of the notes 
^n the following hjmn. 




\y.f^^i^> ^y* 



THE 



Second Hymn of Callimachus. 

* 2i Apollo. 

E E, how the laurels hallow'd braiichea 

wave ; 
Hark^ founds tumultuous fhake the trembling 

cave"! 




Vcr. I. Lannh brancbis.] It was ufua! not 
only to adorn every part of the ttm^Xe of JpoUo 
with launl branches^ the pofts of the doors, the 
innermoft parts of the temple, the altar, tri- 
pods, t!fc. but the prieftcfles thcmfelves alfo 
delivered their oracles, holding laurel branches in 
their hands : whence our poet fpeaks not of a 
tree (as Mr. Prior tranflates it) but of the 
branches [Im^in^ o$Tfl{) thus adorning the temple : 
It hath efcaped the obfervation of no critic, how 
cxa6lly Virgil hath herein imitated our author 



Far, 

•— Tremere emnia vifa repente, lie* 



ound,*^ 
owing 1 



Scarce had I faid, he (hook the holy ground 
The laurels and the lofty hills around 
And from the tripods rulb a bellowi 
found. 

Drvdbn. 

And, 

— frecul bine procul ejfefrefanij iic. 



Fly 



24 THE HYMN TO APOLLO. 

Far, y'c profane, far ofF ! with beauteous feet 
Bright Phoebus comes, ancl thunders at the gate j 



See 



Fly yc profane, oh fly, and far remove 
(Exclaims the prieftefs) from the hallow'd 
grove. Pitt. 

There are many other paffagcs in the clafEcs 

frcatly fimilar hereto, particularly in the 5th 
00k of LucarCs Pharfalia. AU the Gods had 
fome tree /acred to them* 

Populus Alcida grattjffima^ vitis lacchoy 
Formofce vjneri myrtusy fua laurea Phccbo^ 

fays Virgil. *' But why the laurel (hould be 
afHgned and dedicated to Jpollo^ rather thaH any 
other tree, I muft confefs, never to have met 
with a fatisfaflory feafon. As to what they tell 
us (wherein ail the commentators reft) that 
it was an emblem of prophecy, and from its 
crackling or not, when thrown into the fire, 
prcdifted good or ill fortune, we are yet as 
much in the dark, and as much to feek, how 
it came to be fo ufcd, as at firft. The reader 
doubtlcfs has herein been as unfortunate as my- 
fclf, and therefore I (hall venture to give him 
my own thoughts on this fubjeft. It is well 
kndwn that Jpsllo in the Grecian mythology is 
the fame as the Sun, aod that he was gencially 
rcprefiHt'^d amongft his worfliippers by z young 
riiiH iiith a glory of conical rays about his heady 
I Kit very unlike the crowns we may obfervc in 
the piclures of our old kings. If we examine 
t c leaf of the Roman laurely as we have it in the 
bufts or pictures of the hcrceii or poets of former 
iigcs, or as it is ftill to be fcen in many gardens 
in our own country, we (hall find no leaf fo 
nearly refembles the conical rays abovementioned 
a-i this, and therefore no tree was fo proper to 
be confecrated to Apollo or the Sun \ or in other 
wo;ds, fo aptly reprcfented i\iAt light y which he 
is continually fending f(»rth, enlightening and 
tnlivcning our lower world." We may add 
al'o, t' at the laurely as an ever-green reprefented 
\\\e perpetual youth ol Apollo y for he is dcfcribed 
ai always young y and unheard 'A. See this hymn 
\ er. 36 orig. Ever-grecus in Scripture are made 
the f) mbols of the Diviiiity of Chrijly whofc leaf 



never ivitbersj and at the time of his hirtb^ id 
teftify our beliefof his immortality we adom all 
our churches with ever-grfens. The material Suti 
there '"ore had that aiEgned to him by his wor- 
fliippers, which is reclaimed for, and belongs 
truly to the Sun of righteoufnefs. 

Ver. 3. With beauteous feet y &c.] It is ob-w 
ferveable, that we meet in the heathen poet» 
with the mention of Apollo\ prefence, in his 
temple much more frequently than with that of 
Jupitery or any other of the Gods : might not 
this arife from the very general and antient tra- 
dition of the Lord, JehoFuahy who was to come 
in the flefli, pitch his tabernacle (wxintw<ra%) among 
us, and inhabit the temple of a human body ? See 
St. fohn ii. 19. If you compare Malathi iii. 
I, i, 3. you will eafily obferve a remarkable 
refemblance between the prophet and the poet. 
The Lord fliall fuddenly come to his temple : 
even the meflcnger of the covenant whom you 
delight in : tet ^v^rrqa KAAO woh f oijSof a^etaan — * 
who may abide the day of his commg, and who 
ihall ftand when he appeareth — ? i*«t, *««?, 
orif ax/IpO*. The cxpreffion of Apollo's knocking 
at the gate xaXuiroh with a beautiful foot y is par- 
ticularly remarkable. Our Saviour's coming t^ 
preach ihc gofpel of peace, and fo bis minifters 
alfo (as appointed by him) is thus defcribed : 
How beautiful upon the mountainSy are the feet 
of himy that bringeth good tidings, that pub- 
liflieth peace, Wr. Jfaiab Iii. 7. and fo in the 
prophet iVtfAi^;^ i. 15. Behold upon the mouH" 
iainsy the feet of if/w, that bringeth good tid- 
ings, ^c, — The coming of the Sun of righ- 
teoufnefs thus to bring peace^ is compared to 
the rifmg of the material Sun : the Sun of 
rigiueoufnefc fhall arifsy with healing in his 
wingS) Mai iv. 2. and his feet is faid to be 
beautiful upon the mountainSy becaufe the Sun 
firft arifeth, or at leaft, appears from, and 
upon them. See Cant. ii. ver. 17. And as 
Chrijl's entry into the kingdom of grace is thus 
figured, fo Apollo's entry into his temple is cx- 
\ rcflcd in the fame manner, by the rifing of the 
Sun, unbarring the gciies of lighty and with his 

Jlnning 



THE HYMN TO APOLLO- 
See the glad fign the Delian palm hath giv'n ; 
Sudden it bends : and hovering in the heav*n^ 
Soft fings the fwan with melody divine : 
Burft ope, ye bars, ye gates, your heads decline ; 
Decline your heads, ye facred doors, expand : 
He. comes, the God of light, the God's at band ! 



25 
5 



ID 

Begin 



Jhimngfeet knocking at the golden portal of day, 
according to the accuftomcd language of the 
poets. In the xixth Pfalm the office of the 
divine light is nobly fet forth to us under the 
fame image. <^ In them (namely, the heavens) 
hath he (et a tabernacle for the fun {Shenujh^ 
the (blar light) which is as a bridegroom coming 
out of his chamber, and rejoiceth as a Jfrong 
man to run a race. His going forth is from the 
end of heaven, and his circuit unto the ends of 
It, and there is nothing hid from the heat 
thereof/' — See alfo //&/«* vi. i, 2, 3* 

Ver. 5. Thi Delian palm.^ See the hymn to 
Dehs^^ orig. 1. 209. The palm-tree, it is 
univerially known, was &cred to the fecond 
perfon of the true Trinity ; fo that the corrup- 
tion of tradition is fufficient to account for the 
heathens dedicating it to the fecond perfon of 
their trinity. It is obfervable, that on the walls 
ofnhe yewijh temple were defcribed palm-trtts 
and cherubims alternately ; the cherubims were 
only coupled ones^ confiding of two fiaces, a lion*s 
and a man*Sj expreffing the divinity (of which 
the lion of the tribe of Judahy Rev. v. 5. was 
a fymbol) joined to the humanity, reprefented 
by the human face. ** The palm-tree was ufed 
as an emblem ofjirengtb, fupporty ability tojland 
upright under any preffure ; as it is faid the pro- 
perty of that tree is.'* {AuLGell.No£f. I.3.C. 7) 
Hence it was ufed among the heathens as an 
emblem of w<f?wy ; and by believers as a type 
of fahation wrought through Chrift. On this 
account, when our Saviour made his regal en- 
trance into Jerufaleniy ** much people took 
branches of palm-trees, and went forth to meet 
him and cried, Hofanna [fave us^ bleiTed Is the 



king of Ifrael^ that cometh in the name of the 
Lord, Jobnxji, 12* And the faints as repre- 
fented m their triumphal ftate, in the Revelations 
vii. 9. <*,hold thefe branches in their hands, and 
cry with a loud voice faying, falvation to our 
God, which fitteth on the throne^ and unto the 
Lamb.'* I may here likewife obferve, that at 
the feajl of tabemaclesy which were made of 
houghs^ each of which was alfo a type of fome 
property in Chrift, the people were ordered to 
carry thefe branches^ and by this means afcribe 
victory to their all-conquering king the MeiSah, 
This figure then was an emblem of Chrift, as 
Conqueror : the humanity (through the affiftance 
of the liony the divine perfon, who was united 
to him) was to have Jlabilityy Jlrength^ and 
power to fupport himfelf under the weight of all 
he was to do and fufter for and in the ftead 
of man ; and after he had acquired the vidlory 
for himfelf, he was alfo to communicate the 
cfl^eAs of it to his followers, i. e. He was ta 
%vftfuppoity ability to thofe who ihould accept 
him as their Saviour^ to ftand here againft all 
the affaults of their enemies, and th^ preffure of 
temptations, and to place them hereafter in a 
Jiablefiate of glory, beyond a poftibility olfalU 
ing or being removed from it.*' — ^Sec the fermons 
of the late learned Mr. Catcoty p 306. 

Ver. 9. Decline, &c.) The reader cannot but 
obferve Hie remarkable refemblance of this paf- 
fage to the following verfes from the xxivth 
P/i/w— Lift up your heads, O ye gates, and be 
yc lift up, ye evcrlafting doors, and the king of 
Glory fliall come in.' Who is this king of glory i 
the Lord ftrong and mighty, the Lord mighty 
in battle. Lift up your heads, O ye gates, and 
E b^ 



26 THE HYMN TO APOLLO. 

Be a IN the fong, and tread the facred ground 
In myflic dance fymphonious to the found. 
Begin young men : Apollo's eyes endure 
None but the good, the perfed and the pure : 



Who 



be ye lift up ye everlafting doors, and the king 
of giory (hall come in. Who is this king of 
glory ? the Lord of hofts he is the king of glory. 
Sebh. So too as Spanbeim obferves, after that 
divinely emphatical defcription of the ieraphims 
and their hymn in Ifaiab chap. vL — '* Holy» 
holy, holy is the Lord of hofts, the whole 
earth is full of his glory/' — We find, "that 
the pofts of the door moved, at the voice of 
him that cried, and the houfe was filled with 
finokc.'* 

Ver.' IX. Begin ihefongy &c. J The original is 

Ad cantandum bf ad faltmdum acdngamini^ 
feys Dr. Benttty. The GreHs were particularly 
careful to teach dieir children mufic, and for 
this reafon, as we are told, *• that they might 
at the feftivals of their gods jom in fmging the 
hymns and fongs to their praife, while the 
^iorus danced round the altar in concert with 
their mufic : This Mr. Prior has very happily 
expreft in his tranflation of our author, 

.— And let the dance 
In myftic numbers trod explain the muilc. 

See Pfalm cxlix. 3. «* The antient heathens 
had, I believe, a true knowledge of the folar 
Jjftem^ and of the agents by which the great 
motions of it are performed. If therefore the 
Sun or light derived from it, be, as they 
thought, the great fpring by which the earth, 
moon, and planets move, it feems highly pro- 
bable that in thefe [dances, performed to the 
honour of Jpolloy they run round a ring or 
tircle to reprefent the annual motion of the 
planets in their orbits, and at the fame time 
turned round, as it were upon their own a»ei 
(which is ufual in all dancing) to reprefent their 
Aumal moiion. This may appear whimficali but 



can a better account of their dances be gives \ 
Haw not wt fome veftiges of thi9 oM tAoYmyKA 
remaining among us l When the Sun approaches 
our northern regions, do not the country-people 
in England keep up the fame fort of cuftom, 
dancing in the manner above defcribed, round a 
may-fcfe^ which, without dotibt is of very an- 
tient ftanding, and derived from our old idola- 
trous anceftors : — But a palTage of Proclus ia 
Chrefiomathia (cited Voffii de orig. (^ prog, ido^ 
latr. lib. 2. p. 368 — 9.) will ferve to (hew that 
the rites performed by the antient heathens^ 
were not without a meaning, and at the fame 
time confirm the remark above made : ** No- 
thing, fays VoJJius^ does fo clearly prove Jpolb 
to be the Sun, as the apoUinarian rites: But 
they were fo (Afferent in different places, that 
to infift upon them would exceed the bounds of 
my prefent defign. I ihall therefore only meor 
tion the rites of Apollo Ifmenius and Galaxius^ 
which arc thus defcribed by Proclus : — «< They 
crown with laurels and various flowers a block 
of the olive-tree, on the top of which is placed 
a brazen fphere, from which they hang (everat 
fmaller fpheres, and about the middle of the 
block they faften purple crowns, fmaller than 
that on the top ; and the bottom of the block 
they cover with a faffron, or perhaps flame-co- 
loured garment ; their upper fphere denotes the 
the Sun, by which they mean Apollo ; the next 
under it the moon, the appendent fpheres, the 
ftars and planets, and the crowns, which are 
365 in number, their annual courfe.**— This is 
a literal tranflation of the paflTage, which ap- 
pears to me a very curious one, and upon which 
I fhall leave the rcadet to make his own re- 
marks. 

Ver. 13. Apollo'x eyes. &c.] TTiere are many 
pafTages in fcripture relating to the fecojid per- 
fon, which nearly refemble thefe in Callimachus: 
We are told, that " he is of purer eyes than to 

behold 



THE HYMN TO APOLLO. 

Who view the God, are great j but abjedt they 
From whom he turns his favouring eyes away : 
All-piercing God, in every place confeft. 
We will prepare, behold thee, and be bleft. 

He comes, young men ; nor filent {hou*d ye iland, 
With harp or feet when Phoebus' is at hand : 



27 
15 



20 
If 



bdioU evil, and cannot look on iniquity :" We 
are informed by this divine perfon hiipfelf, that 
<< BlefTed are the fur^ in heart, for they (hall 
fa God/' And one .of his apofties exhorts us 
<< to follow after hoUnefsy without which no man 
ihall fte the Lord and Saviour." It is obferv- 
able, that in the original^ ver. ij. the author 
ufes the epithet £jMMfyi— which is a manifeft at- 
tribute of the lights performing its lOori at a dif- 
tancf^ and impelling all things with its rays\ 
which will hold whether we derive it from 
iiuK and M^if arceo, impello» or hmk and i^y, or 
tfyaloitMi «*- opus, or opus fado. 

Ver. 20. ff^th harp^ &c.] The word here 
ufedby the author is uAa^ntf and in the 27th line 
what I have rendered lute is «i^v$ i I believe the 
precife difference of thefe mufical inftruments 
cannot now be afcertained : Many mufical in- 
^ruments are alfo mextioned in SS. particularly 
m the Pfalms (fee PfaL cl.) but as I pretend 
not to underftand clearly the dpinS forts of 
them^ and as the inveftigation thereof would be 
too long for this place, I fhall only obferve, 
that as the feeond perfon appears from the Tfalm 
juft quoted, and feveral other pafTages of fcrip- 
ture to have been particularly honoured with 
mufical inflruments by the true believers, fo it 
is not improbable, that the heathens derived 
from them their pra&ice of perforining the fame 
fort of honours to their Apollo. See Rev. xiv. 
i> i» 3- where the Lamb is reprefented fland- 
ing on mount Sion^ and the voice of harpers 
heard^ harping with their harps-^iu^»f*ifut xiictfAt- 

Ver. 20. ff^hen Phcebus is at handy ice] Ttf 
♦•!& twhfMn&mno^, — . The feaft now celebrat- 



ing We learn from hence was the tittiniudt of 
pSceius, his entrance into this temple — or in 
other words, the return of the Sun on this feafon 
to that part of the world. Firgil^ in his 4th 
j£neid, has a fine defcription of this EnJSvp* 
of Jpollo. 

As when from Lycia, bound in wintry frofip 
Where Xanthus flreams enrich the (miling 

coafl. 
The beauteous Pbcelms in high pomp retiret. 
And hears in Delos the triumphant choirs ; 
The Cretan crowds and Dryopes advance. 
And painted Scythians round bis altars dance : 
Fair wreaths of vivid rays his head infold. 
His locks bound backward and adom'd with 

gold: 
The God roajefh'c moves o'er Cynthus browse 
His golden quiver ratling as he goes. 

Pitt.. 

The obfervations before made, will both gain 
light from, and give it in return* to this paf- 
fage from PhgiL^ Mr. Dryden has a peculiar 
line in his tranflatiori, which feems very expref* 
five of his own fentiments, 

Himfelf, on Cynthus walking, fees bdoW 
The merry madnefs of the fatred fitow. 

Spanheim is of opinion, that << .this cuflom of 
uihering in their God with mufic, hymns, and 
dancing, was borrowed with many other of the 
heathen ceremonies from the Jews ; and in par- 
ticular from what we find related in i Kings viii. 
concerning the dedication of Solomon's tempte, 
and the bringing in of the ark with all manner 
of joy : Of which Jofepbus gives this remark- 
E 2 able 



iS THEHYMNTO APOLLO. 

If e'er ye wifh in happy youth to lead 

The lovely female to the nuptial bed : 

Or grace with filver locks the hoary head : 

If e*er ye wifh your cities to fecure 

On old foundations, profperous, firm, and/ure. 



25 
My 



able account : <« The king himfelf, and all the 
people and Levices went before rendring the 
ground moift with facrificesand drink-ofFerings, 
and the blood of a great number of oblations ; 
and burning an immenfe quantity of incenfe ; and 
this till the very air itfelf every where roimd 
about was fo full of the(e odours, that it met in 
a moft agreeable manner perfons at a great dif- 
tance, and was an indication of God's prefence^ 
and, as men's opinions were, of his habitation 
with them in this newly built and confecrated 
place : For they did not ^ow weary either of 
Jittging hymns or of danctng till they came to 
the temple/* ■ The reader, by referring to 
note 3. will obferve, that the coming of Cbriji 
' to his temple^ of the miffenger of the covenant^ 
was foretold by the prophet, and under the 
image of the rijing of the natural fun, with 
healing in bis wings ; fo that this prefence of the 
divine perfon^ this glorj of the Lord in the tem- 
ple of Solomon^ 1 Kings viii. 11. was typical of 
his coming in the flcfh, pitching his tabernacle 
ampngft us, and inhabiting the temple of a hu- 
man body. See St. John ii. 19. I'he attentive 
reader will eafily enlarge on thefe hints, which 
he will find leading to a copious field of inftruc- 
tion and comfort. " 

Vcn 24. If e^ir^ &c.] The original is, -— 

%riAM h TO rmx»^ •* »gx»ww» dipOAoK. 

In the true fcnfe and meaning of which critics 
and commentators are greatly divided: Dr, Bent- 
t/s has appeared to me the beft interpretation, 
and therefore I have followed it in the tranfla- 



tion. <* Tt rHX^» lays the DoAor, is the noini(ia« 
tive cafe ; #1 ro rnxof [pAXn] •piIm'- For I can- 
not agree with them who interpret ^r^niflatuere: 
Without any example or authority of the an- 
tients. And in truth if tr^l^a \sjiatuere^ it had 
been idle in Callimachuj to fay antient founda- 
tions rather than new ^ for it would be rather to 
be wilhed that the city fhould receive encreafe, 
and be furrounded with a new and .more exten* 
five wall. But to foretel any one, that he 
fliould raife a wall upon antient foundations, is 
the fame as to forebode, that the old fhould be 
firft deftroyed by the enemy ; which is a dread- 
ful declaration. So that Sr>ita (hould be inter- 
preted in the fame manner as uniMip in tiomer^ 
not Jtatueroy but Jfare. ** If you defire your 
walls to ftand upon their old foundations : If 
the wall i§ to ftand hereafter,'* fo far the doAor. 
There is, I conceive, no need to make Tf»xo« the 
nominative, nor to underftand fdXXn, as fuAP^vo-i in 
the former verfe completes the fenfe^-si (tAiXAv^-i t« 
Ti»x«i (or raAer rt rnx^f according to Faber,) 
The author offers, as an incentive to their piety, 
three temporal bleffings to the young men, 
whom he exhorts, neither to have a filent harp, 
or flul^o^tr ixjfo^ — an unfounding /lep, ^ filent foot ^ 
if they defire, ift. to obtain happy nuptials, 
adly. Long life, and 3dly. Peace and profperity 
to their flare and country. ** If thty defire their 

wall to iVand upon its old foundations.'' 

Mr. Prior, and Mr. Pitt who treads clofe in 
his fleps, have given another knk to the paf- 
fage, which appears very wide of the author's 
meaning. 



THE HYMN TO APOLLO. 

My foul with rapture and delight iiirveys, 
The youthful choir unwemed in didr praifc, ' 
Ceaielefs their lutes reibunding ; let the throng 
With awful filence mark the iblemn foi^ : 
Even roaring feas a glad attention bring, 
Hufh'd, while their own Apollo poets iing : 
Nor Thetis felf, unhappy mother, more 
Her loy*d and loft Achilles dare deplore, 



ze^ 



30 



While 



Vcn 26. Myfiul^ &c. J To enter fully here 
into the beauty of the author, we muft imapne 
a folemn paufe'to enftie, after he has ^propofed 
rewards to the youth for celebrating die God : 
When the muficand divine fongs break dirough 
the awful filence, then the author enraptured, 
on a fudden breaks out into tbts line, exprefive 
of his wonder and approbation : 

l^mf^ Till «vai^y fvii X^w( mmt atfyof, 

and thus the verfe has great propriety and ele- 
gance : Mr. Pri0r and Mr. Pitt have totally 
difiregardcd it: Madam Decietj according to 
her ufual accuracy, obferves, that «< as this fef- 
tival of jfyolb was celebrated at the beginning of 
the Jjl^ring ; for that reafon the fea is faid to be 
fiill and filent, as then, according to Pr^pertius. 

Pomt it inficc9 moUiter unda minas. 

This confirms the general tenour of the remarks, 
that this feftival was in honour of the fiifh 
returning in' fpring) to thb part of the world, 
where thefe rites were payed to him. 

Ver. 32. Thah — ] Frifchlinus thinks, that 
T^fitis and Niche may be underftood of any 
perfons, diftrefs'd with grief and forrow, who4 
anguifh the powers of mufic difpel and alTuage ; 
^reeable to that beautiful paiTage in Mr, Pofi^z 
ode on St. dcilta^s Day ; 

By mufic minds an equal temper know 
jtfNor fwell too high, nor fink too low : 



If in the breaft tumultiious joys arife, 
Mufic her foft aflliafive voice applies : 
Or when the foul is preft widi cares 
Exalts her in enlivening airs : 
Warriors fhe fires with animated founds. 
Pours balm into the bleeding lovers wounds : 
Melancholy lifts her head, 
Morpheus rifes from his bed : 
Sloth unfolds her arms and wakes, 
Liftning Envy drops her fnakes : 
Inteftine war no more our paffions wage. 
Even giddy fa&ions bear away their rage. 

I cannot help obferving how happy an improve* 
ment thefe lines of Mr. Pope are of a pafiage in 
Heftod\ where fpcaking of the power of the 
MuftSi he fays, 

B* 7«C ''^ *^* mw^ %x^ if«aAi dv/'M 

Mnaaw it^awn «Xit« m^rtfm Af6^ir«f 

At ^* cyt ioap^w tmXrfitratB «^f>» ««lf«w 

Qeo^ma, vcr. 98. 
But, whatever Frifchlinus may imagine, I can- 
not be entirely of bis opinion, fince there ap* 
pears particular beauty and emphafis in our au- 
thor's chufing thefe two examples of Tketis and 
Niobej whofe forrows both proceeded from 
JpoUof the power of whofe fongs and lo*% 
muft be amazing indeed, if they could cau& 
thefe two miferable mothers to ceafe their la- 
menting. 



30 THE HYMN TO APOLLO; 

While lo, lo Paean rings around ; 
Nay even fad Niobc -reveres the founidt 
Her tears the whiie, exprdUve of her woc^ 
No longer thro* the Phrygian imuUe flaw : 
Which (lands a lafling tnonxansaitto {irore. 
How vain each cont^ wilii the powers above. 



31 



lo 



mentings. Mr. Prior has beautifully kiierted 
fhis as .a rcafon, For Phoebus was bis foe ^ fays 
he of Achilles I ^^^dmiNiobe 

— HapJefe mother ! 
Whole fondnefs cou*d compare her mortal 

offspring, 
With that which fair Latemn bore to Jovt. 

Catlimachus fap nothing of this, but I conceive, 
the context will juftify fuch a paraphrafe : as, I 
<]oubt not, this i? the author's true meaning. 

Vcr. 34. Io\ to Petan*] *In naiSn, ^n Haiiior. 
orig. Dr. Robert/ottj in his true and antipnt 
manner of reading Hebrew^ &c. has the fol- 
lowing curious remark on the Hebrew word 
XVSV which .he would pronounce — 2^^-«-^. 
** The wprd (fays he) thus pronou|iced in three 
fyUables, and the middle one accented is not 
greatly different from the foftcr Latin found of 
yehovab \ I mean Te-ho-wa ; not the harfli 
lound I>s&i^%d^^dh; lifed in En^ijh. -^The 
Greeks aimed at ^xprefling the found of T^IH^ 
by diiFerent combinations of charafters, fuited 
perhaj)s to the variations made in it by the Jews 
(after tjhcy had lofl; the knowledge botli of the 
meaning) and the pronunciation of the language 
of their forefathers) in the fcveral ages in which 
the Greeks were acquainted with them, namely, 
Uvki, imwj ld», U, USt. So the facred name 
TV Ye or Je was written on the great door of 
the antient temple of Apollo (more antiently of 
Bacchus) at DelphoSy at firft in the eaftern way 
of writing) from ri^t to left at, and on re- 
pairing it in their own way, EI, only turning 



the letters to face the wa^ dien in uTe, but not 

putting the I before the £, as they would have 
done, if they had known the meaning of the 
word, as their forefathers did, who firft wrote 
ft there. And fo they expneflexi the found of the 
Hebrew m^^H Haltett/ia, or (as I read) Ele^ 
lu y/, by iKtXitf fo or SXi^n U —for, faysf Eufla^ 
ihius -— ^t Ibi/bMNor lAftf hImit ivif «mrrr; *li|j l^t 
when they begged God to be merciful to them, 
they cried out>jr, r^ (or Je^ Je.) Wow Te^ or (as 
we now write) Jab, is the name peculiarly of 
the Son of God,- the Mediator and Saviour. But 
there would be no end if! fliould launch out; into 
this ocean, to (hew the deduction of the moft 
antient and now almoft obfiUte Greek word$ 
from the Hebrew^ for which fuch abfurd etymo- 
logies are afigned by the Gr/^i grammarians from 
their own language, and to countenance thofe 
of the words rebting to religion, fuch childifli 
ftories of thetr'Gods, and #i^nrr mammas when 
they were childccn.*' Thus far Dr. Hjotgrifin. 
Though I do notf think my felf. obliged to de- 
fend ever thing here advanced by him, yet I 
think his account fufficient to ihew us feveral 
particulars relating to thefe extraordinary words 
tify Ui, Sec. for inftance : how they came to be 
t(fed by the latter Greets and Romans^ when in 
grief and diftrefs (as l», la ^vrttt» &c.) as well as 
for expreffions of their joy and fatis&^on as 
1h, In wmnt0. To, Jo, triumphe. The antients, 
no doubt, prayed to God for deliverance from 
their diftrefs and calamities, as Well as returned 
him thanks for their fuccefs and profperity. 
Befides, this fenfe alone of the words can give 
lis any reafonable folution of their marvellous 



THE HYMN TO APOLLO. 

lo again triumphant To fing J - 
Who ftrives with heav'n, muft ftyive with Egypt's king ; 
Who dare illuftrous Ptolemy defy, 
Msft chaOei^e Phob»o$, and the arenging fty. 

Immortal honours wait the happy throng, 
Who grateful to the God rcfound the iong : 



31 
40 



45 

And 



tffb^lt aiitf the great fruA and eoftfidence the 
peofde had in them. It is very otyTervable that 
n*"l77n — JtlUluJab — properly fignifics, of- 
mit the irraiiattm U the ejffence^ J^h ; for 
^^nf fteMfitB to fl>ine as light deesy every waj^ 
U irroAute^ which irradiation of tight is the 
proper and fcripriire emblem of 6od the Son — 
and the woid Hallelujah expreiles ai much, 
as-^o thou oh (ecoiid divine perfon in the 
Ritual world, and work, fo fhine forth and 
nanifeft thy glery, as the light, in the material 
worid (hines forth, irradiates, fupports, and gives 
glory to all created things." Now the word 
U in the Greeiy it is manifcft, comes from the 
Hebrew H^ J^ or Jah-^^xA ^Mivvfrotn wum to 
.flake, dart, or ea^it^ wtAM immediateiy ap- 
plicable to the rofs fait iavStk from the Ami, 
thofe darts of AfoUo which fent forth fiom him, 
•.Jfew ^^Ffihen (of which I (hall have occafion 
lb Ijpeak hereafter) and during hi» conteft vidth 
the ferpent, Latona is faid' to have made ufe of 
thofe words — gfliXA4 •cMw — immitte feriendoy 
feys MacrohittSf «< qtia voce ferunt Latonam 
,9tfam cum Jpoliinem bortaretttr impettta^ Pythomis 
incejfere fagittis*** This interpretation of lo 
Paan gives us the very idea of HaUebiJah -» 
emit thy darts or rays \o \ Jhine forth^ irra- 
diate Oh Jah: It is worth obferving, that 
die £1 mentioned above over the door of 
the temple of jfyolloj in the Greek is nearly of 
the fame import with n* in the Hebrew^ EI 
being thost art^ and TV alfo the stncreated effence^ 
the name of him who alone can be (kid to BE. 

Ver. 41. fVho ftrives^ ice-] See hynm to 
Jufittr^ ver, 124^ & feq. I do Bot know ef 



any part of Callimachtts fuperior in beauty to 
this: The poetry is moft harmonioufly fweet,. 
the di£tion elegantly concife beyond any I have 
ever met with, and the complement to his prince 
the moft delicate and reftaed : I have by no 
meana done him juftice in the tranflation, but 
Mr. Prior has abfolutely dropt his author. 1 
(hall give you a comment upon this paflage from 
the ingenious MT.Blachoall on the facred clajfics. 
*^ There are in the Greek and Roman clailics of 
the firft rank and merit, many elegant paflages 
of high devotion to their deities, noble panegy- 
rics upon their princes and patrons, and the 
moft endearing expreffions of refped and tender - 
nefs to their friends and favourite acquaintance* 
The polite poet Callimachtts has numerous places. 
of this nature, one of which I will prefent to the 
reader, which, I think, \m a few fmooth and 
truly poetical lines, contains a noble and juft ac- 
knowledgment of the divine inftitutton of go- 
vernment, and authori^ of crowned heads, anfd 
the (ineft expreffions of loyalty and duty to hi& 
own fovereign king Ptolemy* Befides, we find 
(bme of the fublimeft morals and my(teries of 
religion besmifriUy expreft, and with the pureft 
propriety of language, fet forth in this compre^ 
henfive and ftrong piece of eloquence : 

Tor Xfi^ tfiraAXMs 9r» ti ^tanrtL ^fim mA* 
Ttfm^y JbMir«»y»p» twi Ait it^tomrui* 

Here are fome dodrines advanced in language 
near to the myfteries and exprcfions* of our au- 

gu(fc 



32 THE HYMN TO APOLLO; 

And honours well Apollo can command 
For high in power he fits at Jove*s right hand. 



But 



guft Chriftian writeri: nmftm umtMft^m i;^^^ 
(ver. 39. in the tranflation^ is a found di&te of 
good fenfe and natural reaion ; agreeable to the 
meaning, but inferior to the compadnefs and 
ftrength of fcripture phrafe : fiv $iofMi;^|ur --- f*«« 
won KM BtQfAax^t tvft^vn. Afls xxiii. 9^ V. 39. The 
notion of the more refined writers and wife men 
of the Pagan world, that Jpolb^ the fawuriti 
fon of their JupitiTy father of gods and men, 
fat at the right hand of his father (and by that 
was implied that he was invefted with fovereign 
honour and power to reward his devout depen- 
dents and worfbippers) is mighty agreeable tp 
the Chriftian article of dodrine and belief>.that 
Jefutj the eternal [and biloved] %Son of the true 
Uod, fits at the right hand of his blefied Fa- 
ther, enthroned in heavenly majefty, and in- 
vetted as God-man, the divine Mediator of the 
New Covenant, with full powers to diftribute 
his royal bounty, and moft precious favours to 
his difciplcs and fcrvants, whom be delights to 
.honour, in what noble grandeur of eloquence 
and m^jeftic plainnefs is this awful article ex- 
prefled by our Chriftian infpired writers ! (See 
the author for proofs, he goes on—) Thb au- 
guft myftery of the feffion of the Son of God's 
love and bofom, at his Father's right Jiand, as 
it is much more important, venerably and in- 
finitely better fupported than any of the arti- 
cles of Pagan belief, or myfterics of the Pagan 
religion; fo the doflrine itfelf with all its ma- 
jcftic circumftances and happy confequences, is 
delivered in a language far exalted above all the 
flights of Pagan eloquence, and all reach and 
powers of human art* Ait hiio^ iir»i» is bteu- 
tiful and pure ; but nothing at all to thefe grand 
Iiiftances of fcfipturc eloquence and fublimity. 
IVho is at the right hand of God ^ being gone 
into heaven, angels and authorities and powers 
(all the heavenly hierarchy, all ranfcs and orders 
of rational brings) being fubje^ed to him^ by 
the doeree and command of the Eternal : Let all 
thi angels xf Gcd iuorfiyip him now as mediator, 
to whom they owed a natural* alUgiance as the 
SpH of Qod |Kn4 I fir of ail things : who being 



the iffvigtmo of hisfatbir^s glory^ and tbi aeprejt 
image of bis perfon^ and fupporting all things by 
tbi tvord of bis mighty after bo bad by bimfelf * 
purged our fins y fat4 down at tbo right band of 
the majefty in high places : or, in the words of 
the fame author, isfet on tbo right band of the 
throne of the infinite majefty in tbo heavens. 
Cbrift being raifed from the dead is at tbo right 
band of God \ ever lives to make intorcejion fpr 
us ; and his interceffion can never fail, but he 
is willing and able tofavo to the uttermoft all that 
come to tbo Father in bis name : and honour and 
pleafe the Father, by honouring and pleafmg 
his beloved Son. I conclude with that lofty paf- 
(age above criticifm and praife in Epbof i. 17^ 
18, f9x 20, ad fin. fome of which have bcftn 
formerly quoted without the prefumption of 
attempting a tranflation. That part which re- 
lates to our prefent fubj6ft, the auguft feffion 
of our Saviour at the right hand of Power^ the 
majefty of his all-powerful Father, I (ball 
tranfcribe and prefent to the reader in all the 
beauties of the divine original. 

mmmi trofutroc mft^QfUM at fMfOP w ra aiA/ti mrtf* 
tMa kJ II T« fMAXMTi. See Sacred Clafjiciy vol. 2. 
p, 59. edit 8vo. 17 ty. 

Ver. 47. For bighy &c.] Mr. Prior in his 
tranflation makes Jpollo*s fitting at the right 
hand of Jupiter^ one of the topics for praife, 
and with this begins the roll of his glories. But 
. the author neither means nor expreffes any fuch 
thing : He tells the company and ailembly ga^ 
thered together.on this feftival, but particularly 
the chorus^ that fuch as fincerely worfliip him, 
paying him the due praifes, thefe tht God will 
honour ; for be has power fo to do, and why ? 
for this reafon, fays Callimacbusy twm A»7 h^iK 
urtf becaufe he fetttth at the right h<ind of 
JupiterJ* The reafon, rife and origin of this 
exprei&on to imply all power ^ hath been largely 
difcourfed of by fome : The reader will find a 
i long detail upon the fubjeiEt in the learned bifhop 
^ Pearfyn*s e;y)lica'tioa of that article of our creed. 

IMl 



THE HYMN TO APOLLO. 

But in the God fuch beaming gloties blend^ 
The day unequal to his praife will end : 
His praife, who cannot with delight refound, 
Where luch eternal theme for fong is found ? 
A golden robe invefts the glorious God, 
His fliining feet with golden fandals fhod : 



33 



50 



Gold 



I Ihall fubjoin the obfervation of an ingenious 
friend. 

■** The cberttbim were fet up at the cxpulfion 
of Adam from paradife, to ke(rp the way to the 
tree of KveSj or living onesy Gen. iii. 24. not 
to keep man from it, but (viam manire) to en- 
able him to come to it, and fo obtain happinefs 
jn another ftate, which by his diibbedience he 
iiad forfeited in this. Many learned men are of 
t>pinton, that thefe figures fet up by God him- 
felf {Gen, iii, 24.) and by his exprefs order 
XEjcod.yjcv, rt.) and infpination (£;»r^rf. xxxi. 3.) 
afterwards, were no other than a reprefcntation 
of the facred three, with the man united to the 
fecond ptrfon^ and that the mercy- feat, the ark, 
the table of Jhew-bready &c. were parts of an 
hieroglyphicai defcription of the Chriftian cove- 
nant. Indeed., the facred writers fcem fully to 
•prove this to us ; and the farther we look back 
into Pagan antiquity, the clearer traces we find of 
liich- ah e?thibttion. In the account given by our 
JJniverJial Hifiory (vol. 1. p. 32 — 34 ^<^.. edit.) of 
the Orphic theology, there are fome very (h"ong 
veftiges of the cherubim ; Orpheus taught, that 
'the great God, Creator, G*r. vf^-Phanes (a name 
taken, I (bppofe, from niH* ^JD Ptni yeue^ 
faces of Jehovahy frequently mentioned in fcrip- 
ture, and which is 'only another name for the 
cherubim.) See Orpheus* hymn n^t/roy. Tills 
God, according to his doSrine, was to be repre- 
fented by a figure with three heads, that of an ox, 
a dog, and a lion. Thefe are fo very like the che- 
rubic heads (vld. E:cei, i. and x. chap, and hymn 
xoycpitery mite 107.) and at the fame time fo dif- 
ferent fromr the idols, the iireeiu afterwards wor- 



ihipped, that a man muftliavethe faith of an in^ 
fidel to believe either that he invented fuch an 
image of his Gcki, out of his own head^ or that he 
did not take it from the cherubim : with which ht 
could not be unacquainted if he had heeninjudaa 
or Jerufalemy as wc are told, he was, and had 
feen there the tabernacle or temple. See i Kings 
vi. 29* — Perhaps you may be ftill at a lofs to 
know what I am driving at, and how anjr 
thing I have faid will tend to explain the A%\ 
Ai|io^ of our author. To keep you therefore nb 
longer in fufpence, we find Ezektel i. 10. that 
the united faces of the lion and the man (thb 
reprefentativeof the fccond perfon, God and man) 
were on the right-ftde of the cherubic figure. 
Hence the fe<;ond perfon incarnate for perhaps 
the humanity) b called thp man cf God's right 
handy Pfalm Ixxx. i7. Hence m the creed, 
tvhojitteth on the right hand ofGody and AEfs, vii. 
55, — As heathenifm then was only a corruption 
of the true religion, I had almoft faid of Chrif- 
tianity, and it is plain from the above quotation, 
that fome of the heathen teachers, were ndt 
unacquainted with the cherubic figures, itdoA 
not feem at all improbable, that from hence 
they fhould place the fecond perfon in their tri- 
nity in the fame fituation that the true belifcvcrs 
&\^ \\it fe:ond perfon oix!t{^x%J' 

Ver. 52. A golden robcy &c.] The aathdr 
informs us, that every thing which belonged to 
Apollo was of gold^ wherein there can be nb 
doubt that he allud':s to thfe Sun. The epithet 
Xfw<ro«o|Atf, golden-hairedy is frequently given' t6 
Apollo ; and <' that, fays MacrobiuSy a fulgore 
radiorum quas vocant aurcas comas folis — frorfi 

F . * • the 



54 THE HYMN TO APOLLO. 

Gold are his harp, his quiver and his bow : 

Round him bright riches in profudon flovy^ : 

His delphic fane illuftrious proof fupplies, 

Where wealth immenfe fatigues the wondering eyes. 

On his ibft cheeks no tender down hath fprung, 

A God, for ever fair, for ever youqg : 



55 



His 



the brightneis of the rayt, which they call the 
golden hair of the Sun.^* Undt ^ mKi^uuijmt — 
continues he, ^^ becaufe the rays can never be 
4isjoined {aviUi) from the fountain of light J* 
P* 239 f and therefore the whole body of the 
^luii the fountain of the rays, may with equal 
propriety be called golden ^ and as thefe rays are 
every where dlfperfed, and the caufe of the 
4i^ncreafeof all things, whatever belongs to ^o/b 
may very aptly be faid to be of goUl« moivx/spo^ 
^f Aflr<AXM-j{} TM W9ko»rna90f. — If you confult 
1 kings vi. you will find that ^«i^ was made very 
great u(e of in the furniture of the temple ; be- 
caufe of all material fubftaaces it is the befl re- 
prefentative of the ligbt^ and to of its antitype. 
As gold was an emblem of the folar lights and 
that light of Cbrift, the fecond perfon, the true 
light (See St. John i. ^.) hence gold was made 
an emblem of the divine nature of the Son of 
God : which divine nature is always fignified 
to us by the light ; wherever Chrift is fpoken of 
as the lights the SuHj &c« he is always fpoken 
<of as God the Son, or the fecond divine Perfonin 
the true Trinity, as the light is the fecond con* 
dition, the ruler in the material Trinity. It is 
obfervable, that gold hath been always an em- 
Uem of majefty ; and from its purenefs, radiant 
brightnefi and value, efteemed the royal metal^ 
4be enfiffn of kingly power. ** A crown of this 
metal (t, /. a circle with pointed rays ifTuine 
from around it) was worn by die kings of IfraeT-y 
and was an emblem of light irradiating in open- 
ing rays ; and light was the fign by, and in 
which the fecond perfon ufed to exhibit himfelf, 
nay, be afTumed for his diftinguilhing title, that of 
the irradiator^ ihtUghty the king of glory.** Hence 



a bright circle of rays are painted always round 
our Saviour's head, to (hew his divinity, whicb 
is called the glory ^ and which coniafis oi^raight 
and crooked rays, when properly paintod an4 dcr 
fcribed, the one to fbew the efflux of th^ Ikhf 
irradiating from the Yun, the other the influx 
of the fpirit ruAilr^ into it. 

Ver. 56. His delphic^ iic ] ConceriiM?£ this 
temple and its immenfe wealtti. See the Abb^ 
JSattier*$ Mythology, book 3. chap. 5. 4), zzg^ 
Macrobius tells us, that the name Dtlphtam 
given to ApolU come mwmm AiX«» «f«»n» ^^ fram his 
manififiing things beLre unfeen,'' becaufe the 
Sun manifejls by the brightnefs of his light tbofe 
things that are obfcure, quod qua Afeura funt 
daritudine lucis ojiendxty Satur. p. 242. aad 
we may liere too ol)fcrve» that ^4^0^^ rbaebuSy 
iignifies, as anadjedlive, pure, unpolluted, fplen- 
didy bright, and therefore the Sun is called 
Phaebusy from its purenefs and brightnefs^ a 
fpecie & nitore Phcebum, /. e, tudUt^ jc} Tm^fto, 
di£Ium putanty fays Macrobius. 

Ver. 59. J Godi ice] Callimacbue chara^- 
rifes Jupiter (Hymn i, ver. 6.) as ever greats 
and etHT iing, *Apollo as ever fair^ and ever 
youngs which is agreeable to the manner where- 
in he is defcribed to us by the aotient artifis : the 
reader may remember, I obfcrved this in f note 
foregoing, n. i. ad fin. Frif Minus fays, ** that the 
poets defcribe Apollo as beardlefs, and ever young, 
becaufe the Sun always retains the fame vigour^ 
nor ever grows old** An emblem of the per- 
petual vigour, and immortality of the true Sun ; 
the light not only of thisy but of the future werli. 
See Rev. xxi. 23. and xxii. 5, 



THE HYMN TO APOLLO.. 
His fi|igrant locks didil ambrofial dews, 
Drop gladneis down, and blooming health diSak : 



55 
60 

Where- 



Ver. 60. His fragrant^ &c.] Mili9n recms 
to have had hb eye upon our autbor^ when he 
thus fpeaks of the angel Gabriel: 

I ■ His dewy locks 

Diftiird ambrofia. 

Pard. Lost. B. 5. ver. 56. 

Mr. Frior has, In return, beautifully imitated 
him \ and he feems alfo to have had his eye upon 
that elegant paflage of Milton^ ^< imagined, as 
his great critic Mr. Addifon^ expreflfes himfelf, 
with all the ftrength of fancy," where de- 
kx^xvi^Raphael^ with all hislieavenly plumage, 
ali^ted on earth, he adds, 

- Like Maia\ (on he ftood 
And (hook his plumes, that heavenly fra- 
grance iiird 
The circuit wide. B. 5. ver. 285. 

TaJJh hath given a defcription, little inferior to 
this, of the angel Gahriely 

On Libanon at firft bis foot he fet. 
And (hook bi$ wings with roary May^ievn wet. 
Fairfax's Tasso. B. i. St. 14: 

But we obferve,thatCtf//iW^i^x afcribes thefe 
4imhfQfial unguents, thefe frudtifying dews to the 
hcksy the hair of Afoih \ for which, perhaps it 
may not -be impoilible to affisn a reafon ; if 
we confider what was obferved in a preceding 
note, that the hair of Apollo^ figniiies no thing 
more than the rays of the Sun, thofe golden and 
ambrofial locks, which are the true caufe of all 
health and gladnefs, and the in(lrument of fruit- 
ful nefs, and encreafe throughout all nature; a 
pafTage from the 65th Pfalm will both give a^id 
receive light from hence ; we read in the 1 1 
verfe,^ *' Thy paths drop fatnefs : they drop 
upon the pailures of the wilderncfs ; and the 
little hills rejoice on every (ide : the pa(lures 
are clothed with flocks ; the valleys aifo are 
covered over with corn, they Ihout for joy, they 



alfo fing/* Here the facred poet afcribes the 
fame ^e^ of fruufdlnefs, healthy and joy to 
the fatnefs dropped down from or by the paths 
(as we read) of Jehwah^ which CaUimachus doth 
to the Panacea ortitigucnts which dropt from the* 
hairs of Apollo. The queftion then is, what can 
he meant by this wani> vAAch we render paths 
in the Bible tranflation, and in the other clouds^ 
ibmething nearer thf truth? The original word ii 
:*f ^jyO which comes from •Jij;, rounds circulary 
orbicular^ a waggon-wheel, (^c. and the word 
with the prefixed, fignifies thofe which are 
the inftruments of this circulation^ the circulators y 
namely, the light and fpirit^ which are IJic. 
caufe of ail fertility slnd fecundity, and which, 
bj their motion ahd action, caufe thztfafnefs to' 
drop down, which enrichds the ivitdernefsy 
caufes the little hills to rejoice, &^r. tfc: I for- 
bear applyingthe fpirituaf nitaning,and obferving 
that as this light and fpirit by their fatnefs and 
dews enrich the wildernefs, fo the true light and 
fpirit by thcff grace and divine nourifhraent 
caufe the barren heart to abound in fruitfulncfs^ 
fo ihout and fing for joy. " The wildernefs' 
and thefolifary place^ mall be glad for them, and 
the defert (hall rejoice and bloflbm as a rofe. 
It (hall blofTom abundantly, and rejoice even 
with joy and finging ; the glory of Lebanon (hall 
be given unto it, the excellency of Carmel and 
Sharon : they (hall fee the glory of the Lord, and 
t\\t excellency of our God^ lfa» xxv. i, 2. tt is 
dbfervable, that the excellency of our God^ even 
Chrijl Jefusy is called the rofe of Sharon, See 
Cant. ii. i. and in this book we find ointment and 
odours conAantly given to ihtSpoufgy the divine 
lights Becaufe oi At hvouT of itij g^od ointment ^ 
thy name is as ointment poured forth, thereiicre 
do the virgins love thee, chsjp. i. 3. How miich 
better is thy love than v/ine, and the fmell ' oi 
thine oinUrients than all fpices! chap, iv.' 10. and 
it is faid by the Spoufe, my head is filled with 
deWi and my locks with the drops of the night, 
chap. V. 2. See alfo ver, 5, 



36 THEHYMN TO APOLLO. 

Where'er the genial Panacea falls, 

Health crowns the ftate, and fafety guards the walls. 

To powerful Phoebus numerous arts belong; 
He firings the lyre and tunes the poet's fong r 
Guides from the twanging bow the feather'd darts, 
And truths prophetic to the feer imparts t 
Taught by his fkill divine, phyficjans learn 
Death to delay and mock the greedy urn* 



6s 



Since 



Vcn 62. Panama.'] I refer the reader to the 
judicious Spanheim for a full comment on the 
original in this place, which would here take up 
too much room ; we may juft obferve, that the 
prophet Malacbi fpeaks of the Sun ofrigbteouf- 
nefs as thus difpenfing health and univerfal me- 
dicine to mankind. Thi Sun .of righteoufnefs 
(ball arife widi healing in his wings, MaLvf* 2* 
See JSfs iv. 22. and 3p. JpolU from thus dif- 
penfing Panacea f medicine and healthy was called 
XnTHPy the Saviour y as we (be on many antient 
coins. See alfo ver. 148* of this hymn. And it is 
fomewhat remarkable, that die de(criptive name, 
by which our Saxon anceftors called Chrijl^ was 
aH'hael^ i. e. all-bealtij the diredl import of 
Panacea, 

Ver. 64. Topower/uL"] Hence Apolb was called 
«ro\vmvfiti^f of many names^ as thus abounding in 
many excellencies : Diana afks of her father, 
that ihe might not be herein exceeded by her 
brother. 

See hymn to Diana (tranfl. ver. 9.). 

Ovid has imitated Callimachus in that celebra- 
ted paffage, where Apollo enumerates to the un- 
kind Daphne his many and great perfedions. 

Perhaps thou knowft not my fuperlor ftate. 
And from that ignorance proceeds thy hate : 
Me Clarosj Delphosy Tenedos obey, 
Thefe hands the Patareian fceptre fway : 
The king of Gods begot me ; what fliall be. 
Or is, or ever was in fate, I fee. 



:! 



Mine is th' invention of the charming lyre. 
Sweet notes, and heavenly numbers I infpire : 
Sure is my bow, unerring k my dart r 
But ah, more deadly his who pierc'd my heart • 
Med'cine is mine ; what herbs and ii'mples - 

grow 
In fields and forefls, all their pow'rs I know. 
And am the great phyfician call'd below. 
Alas, that fields and foreib can afFord, 
No remedies to heal their love-fick lord ! 
To cure the pains of love no plant avails. 
And his own phyfic the phyfician fails. 

5/^ Ovid's Met. B. i. byDnYDEN'. 

Ver. 68. Taught.'] Nothing can exceed the 
excellence of the original in this place, fo re- 
markably expreflive and concife ; if the traiifla- 
tion retains any of its merit, it is wholly owing 
to Mr. Prior^ who hath here done great juftice 
to Callimachus^ 

Taught by thy art divine the fage phyfician 
Eludes the urn^ and chains or exiles death. 

" Paufanias tells us (as Spanheim has ob- 
ferved) that he once talked with a Sidonian, who 
affected, that according to the theology of the 
Phoenicians^ Mfculapius was nothing more than 
the AIR ; from whence comes Ty»«a, heahh ; 
and that for this reafon Apollo^ vfho is the fame 
with the Suny was Juftly called the father of 
/Efculapius (or the jfIR) znd Paufanias adds, 
that herein the Gracians perfeflly agreed with 
the Phanicians. Sec lib. 7. p. 443. 



THE HYMN TO APOLLO. 

Since by the love of young Admetus led, 
His flock Apollo by Amphryfus fed : 
The Nomian God, great fhcpherd we addrefs 
Our pafhires to enrich, aad flocks to blefs : 
And fertile flocks and paflures needs mufl: prove. 
On which Apollo {bines with fruitful love : 



55^ 
70 ' 



75 

No 



Ver. 70. Stncfy &c,] CalUmaebus affigirs a 
reafon, iomething difFerent from other poets and 
mjrthologifts) why jfpolU defcesidcd from heaven 
to f<$ed the flock of Admetus^ namely, bis love 
for that prince ; whkh^ I would not underftand 
ai criminal love, as one can never furely fuppofe 
&e heathen blindneft ib grofs, as to place fuch 
an odious paffion in the roU of their Gods praifes. 
The common flory is, that JpolUy having killed 
iSait Cycbpesj or forgers of Jupiter'^ thunder- 
bolts, in order to fave from death and deftruc- 
tion his fon JEJculapius ; he, though the favourite 
ton of Jupiter^ was expelled from heaven, de- 
prtved,as a mythologift (Gabruchius) escprefles it, 
of iht privileges of his divinity for a time, and thus 
exiled, he b^ame thefiepberd ofJdmetus ; which 
account of the matter Orpheus gives in his Jrge- 
nauticsy ver. 173. It is faid moreover of this 
Jdmetusj that by JpolWs means he obtained, 
that when the time of his death fhould come, if 
any ether would die fer him^ he l)imfelf (hould 
efcape death : to which the fable adds, that he 
found none who would take his turn, fave his wife 
Jtkeftis ; whom> becaufe (he was fo pious, Pre^ 
firpine reftored to life again. There appears in 
this whole fable a dark, yetobfcrveable reference 
lo the occajien of our Jhepherd^s defcending from 
heaven to feed his flock : he was induced by love 
to Adam [Admetui] man ; he, to fave A/V own fans 
from death did really difarm his Father of his ven^ 
geance and the wrath due to their offences, and 
for this relinquiihed heaven, was exiled from 
thence, was deprived for a time of the privileges 
of his divinity, and became a ftrangcr and a fo- 
journer, and ytU9,Jhepherd here upon earth ; and 
moreover he procured for Adanty that, he fhould 
efcape deaths and be delivered from it by the death 
of another for him \ which, when no one would 



or could «indertake, he hrmfelf condefcendcd to 
become \i\% fuhflitute^ and to die, that he might 
redeem him from death. Plain, however it is, that 
Chrifty in the New Tefiament, is pleafed to ex- 
prefs his care of believers by the figure of a fliep- 
herd tending his flock. See John x. i — 16, 
xxvi. 29. Nor was this beautiful and afFcdling 
iimilitude of the Redeemer unknown to the 
prophets. Give ear^ O Jhepherd of Ifrcel^ thcu 
that leadefl Jofepb like a flocks Pfal. Ixxx. 1. 
He (hall feed his flock like ajhepherd\ he fhall 
gather the lambs with his arm, and carry them 
in his bofom, and (hall gently lead thofe that 
are with young, IfaiahxX. ii. comp. xlix. 10. 
In the prophet Exekiely we have the very idea 
which Callimachus gives in the hymn» whofe 
Jhepherdy Apollo^ he tells us, fed his flock by the. 
river Ampbryfus \ and in liie prophet the Irue^ 
JIfepherd dechresy that he will feed bis flock upon 
the mountains of Ifrael by the rivers. See Eze- . 
kiel xxxiv. 1 3, ^c. It is not improbable, that 
the defignation of Jhepherd was ufed by believers 
for the Redeemer in all ages. And it ieems as if 
when the heathen deferted and detennined to- 
give the attributes of the facred three to their 
material trinity, they knew not what to make 
of this reprefentation of the fecond perfon, and 
fo were reduced to the miferable fhift of de- 
grading their Apolh to a real (hepherd ; and 
couching the true reafon of the true (hepherd 's 
taking that oflice upon him, in this dark fable, 
which tradition had imperfedly related to 
them. 

Ver. 74. Andy Wr.] There is a manifcft 
allufion in this pafTage, as well as in the hymn 
to Dianay ver. 178. to the conclufion of the 
1 4:4th Pfalmy to which, being quoted there, T 
refer the reader. Tlie fpoufe in the CaniicltSy 

comparing 



$5^ THE HYMN TO APOLLO. 

No' barren womb or udder there is fotmd> 
But every dam-twins fportive play around. 

By Phoebus honoured and conduced, man 
Of future cities forms the glcH-ibus plan : 
The God himfelf the ftrong foundation lays, 
On which their walls fuccefsful builders raife. 



80 



In 



comparing the fpiritual increafc of his bride the 
Church, under the care and keeping of him- 
felf the true (hcpherd (fee chap. i. vcr. 7, 8.) 
fays of theTe (heep, Every one heareth twins^ 
and none is barren anting them, chap. iv. 2. with 
a remarkable fimilitude to our author. It is to be 
obferved and remembered^ that Macrobius aTers, 
Apollo was called Nomian^ not becaufe he fed 
the cattle of Admetus^ but becaufe the Sun feeds 
all things, quia Sol pafcit omnia fua ierra^ pro- 
generaty p. 239. This is true with reference to 
ApoUoy but we muft note here, that Callimachus 
affigns him this name of Nomian orjhepherd ex- 
preisly becaufe he fed the fl'>ck of Admetus. I 
ihall conclude the obfcrvations on this point with 
9 paflage from Theocritus^ very fimilar to this of 
our author, which, I doubt not, Hke his, was 
firawn from the facred fountain, and where it is 
to be obferved, that he makes the great incredfe 
of king jfugias his herds to arife from the gift 
and influence of the Sun, his father. 

Hi>j9f y at n«»%, r% y t^o^of UTruc* Am^ot, &C. 

See Idyll. 25. vcr. 118. 

But this was a peculiar favour fhewn, 

A blejfing fent by Phcebut on his Son : 

His cattle ftill muft thrive, his herds he bleft. 

And heaven fccur'd, whatever the king poflcft : 

His cowo ne'er caft their ca'ves, and no dif(;ife. 

The herdfman plague, was there allow'd to 

fieze : 
From year to year the numerous herds increased ; 
New calves were rear'd and flill the laft were 

befl. 

C&E£CH. 



Moreover twel? e bulls milk white w«re hcrefed 
and kept dedicated to the Siin*^M(ii Hixui-^I am 
forry we have no better a tranflation of thb fiae 
poet) to do him thatjoftice which be nerhf. 

Ver. 78. Bjy lec«] «#tfif It mmftmh in the 
original, is well exfriained by VkgiPtY Pb»Ufk0 
Orac'la fecuti. Spanbeim rdab^ << that the 
builders of cities or leaders of colonieg amongft- 
the Greets ufed firft to eonfult the Ds^tU orade^ 
under whofe aufpiccs the afFair was to be done. 
They confulted not only about a proper ptace, 
but alfo whether it might eafily be obciftfieily usi 
then under whofe condud, fMo duee: as alfo* 
with what facred rites and laws the future 
city was to be furniflied. This opinion fo far 
prevailed, that cities were thought never (o be 
fuccefsful, if they were built wicho«it the infor- 
mation and direction of this oracle. A remark- 
able declaration oiCelfus to this purpofe iis found 
in Origgtty 1. 8. 407. *' Our whole life is ftill of 
examples to prove how many cities have beeiv 
built from oracles ; how many difeafes and fa- 
mines avoided ; how many, negleftful or for- 
getful of thefe oracles, have terribly periihed ; 
how many colonies have been led out, and re- 
warded with grejat happinefs, who have not ne- 
gleSed the commands of the oracles/* Hence 
then the exprefflon nrv^uiw* 0oi&, is plain^ 
to which Jujiin alludes, when he fays, /mmr- 
mores prorfus quod tt ho DUCE, tot bella vsHaret 
inierant, tot urbes aufpicato condiderani, lib. 8. 
The other part of the line in t^c author m^^m^ 
^t</aT^«}(7«yr*, Firgil vtrj well agaifi explains fo- 
us, 

Vrbem defignat 4restr4 
^ortkurqce ekaw* 



' THE HYMN TO APOLLO. 

In lovely Delos^ for his birth renown d> 
An infant yet, the noble art he' found : 
Each day, Diana furnifh'd from her toils 
The horns of Cynthian goats, her fylvan fpoUs : 
Thefe did the God with won'drous art difpofe, 
And from his forming hands an altar rofe : 
With horns the ftrong foundations clofely laid, 
And round with horns the perfed ftru<Sture made : 
Thus from his paftime, and his fport, when young. 
The future ftrength of favoiu'd nations fprung. 



39 



8s 



90 

Battus 



Vtr. 85. The bmtsj Ac*] The ahar, which 
J^tih buik of thefe Aonts^ vas eftcemed one of 
'the wraders of the worid : what was the origtn 
ef this fioiy, I caiusot pretend to guefs. JBiit 
W€ may oUelrve, that among all nations borfud 
anknols were iaorificod to faim. Ii§$a, lit. »• &c. 

BiroTf ror x«^iirr* tiri «ioy« fMifa mna 

TATPHN n ¥ AIFilN — « & inf. 

El Mf w^ APNXm tutffam AirON ri Ti^fiAil 

, Firgii Mn. 3. 

Taunim Neptum^ Taurum ^\AfulcbirJf9lh. 

MaSiant kHas de more, Bidentes, 
Ltgiferte Ctrtri Phoeboquc. 

White gHtts were iacrificed to ApoUo by the 
Rdmans. See Livy^ 1, 25. See alfo ver. 70. orig. 
of this hymn. The learned reader will eallly 
fecoUe^i many paflages to the fame purpofe. 
The seafoh of this very general pradice is, I 
Ibiak, plain and obviotts. The antient heathens 
thought that the heavenly bodies were moved, 
jiot by an originally imprefled proje^ve force, 
continually regulated by a tendcatcy to the Sun, 
but hy extecnal puQes on their tvxbccAy occa* 
^ fioned by a perpetual efBux of light from, 
and influx of fpirit (or condcnfed air} to the Sun. 



As this was the moft ftupendous and important 
mftance of the power of their God, it is np 
wonder, that in all their emblems, facred animals, 
(^c. they had a principal eye to it j and fup- 
fofing their phiUfipby right, how could they 
better expreis their belief, than by facriiicing to 
him thofe animals, whofe amassing ftrength re- 
fiding in their horns^ did moft properly repra- 
fent that prodigious force of the heavens, which 
kept th« ioMiienfe planetary orbs in a conftanc 
circumvolution ? The hem is often ufcd in the 
$. S. as the defirriptive name of power Jlnngtby 
btc. See Pfabn xviii. 3. Ixxv. 5, 6, 11. Ixxxix. 
179 24, &r. Vc. The abufe of it as an emblem 
feems very ancient, and the reclaiming it, pro- 
bably was one reafon of the command given to 
Mofesy Exoi, xxvii. a. thou (halt make the boms 
of it (the altar) upon the four corners thereof."^ 
Which has feme refemblance with the poets 
lu^cMK ^ wt^ vw^ciXKaro r9*y^. In confirmation 
of this, it is obferved {Atban Kirch. Ob. pamp. 
p. 221.) '* That they put boms tobim (namely, 
Jupiter or Pan^ as Bocatius teftiiies) to fignif/ 
the rays of tbefun^ moon^ and other ftars : his 
red and fiery face denotes the etberialfire*' It is 
obfervable, that the Hebrew word \ ' p CJRN, a . 
iamy fignifies alfo a ray^ fplendor^ a crown. See 
note 52. towards the end, sn^Marius deCalaJii^ 
or LeigV% Critica facta on the word. 



40 THE HYMN TO APOLLO- 

Battus, illuftrious chief, the truth can prove 
To Lybia guided by Apollo's love : 
The crow, aulpicious leader, flew before, 
And to the people mark'd the deflin'd fhore. 
Where future kings fliou'd reign in glorious ftate 5 
Thus fwore Apollo — and his oath is fate. 



95 



Thee 



Ver. 92. Battus^ &c.] The tranfition of the 
author here to the founder of his own city is very 
beautiful, and argues great piety. 7 he fcholiaft 
tells us of this Battus ^ « that being dumb, he 
went to Apollo\ temple, to confult the God 
about his voice : concerning which he anfwer- 
ed him nothing, but gave him fome direAions 
in regard to a colony j which Battus obeying, 
went into Africoy where there are faid to be 
'great numbers of lions. As he was travelling, 
he unexpedly beheld a lion, and by the great 
violence of his fear, and«endeavour to cry out, 
broke the ftring of his tongue, and fo recovered 
his fpeech, and built the city Cyrene^ of which 
was Caltimachus.** Herodotus reports the fame of 
a fon of Crafus, 

Vcr. 94. Thi Crow, icc,'^ It is fomewhat very 
obfervable, that the fwariy remarkable for its 
' whitenefs and purity ; and the crow, remarkable 
for its blacknefs and darknefs^ (hould both be 
dedicated to Apollo. See this hymn, ver. 6. 
Vulcanius^ an iible commentator on our author 
• fays, *< Porro cygnus Apollini tribuitur, ut per 
eiim i\\ts Jignificetury quern nobis Solis prafentia 
^Jficit, Jicuti ahfentia m£fem corvo ftmlem 
parit,'* Moreover ihtfwan is dedicated to Apolloy 
that thereby may be fignified the day, which the 
prefence of the ^un cauTeth, as his ^^/Srw^^caufeth 
the n ghr, like to the crow,** There is no quality 
in the fojan more ftriking and obvious than 
the uncommon degree of its purity and white- 
iicf., ill which, I believe, it exceeds all birds 
and animals whatfoever. Wherefore it might, 
hy ihe ^leaihens, be thought the moft proper 
reprefentative of the brightnefs and purity of the 
folar light : and as tbiu fame Light is the caufe 



ofdarknefs alfo, by its irradiation occadoning 
the earth to turn round, and fo producing the 
viciffitude of day and night, therefore the croiv^ 
an emblem of darknefs, v«ras dedicated to the 
Sun. The original word in the Hebrew for 
evening yy^^ fignifies a crow ; and the original 
word for morning ^P^» fignifies feekingj 
enquiring, fuch as is ufed in religious exercifes, 
and fo divining^ for which reafbn, as pofi^fled 
of the power of divination, the fwan, as 
as well as the crow was confecrated to Ap^lb : 
*' The crow, the raven^ and tfaeyfc;^* (were 
confecrated to Apollo) becaufe theft fowb weve 
reckoned to have by inftin^t a faculty of pre- 
didion,'' fays Bonier. This may give us feme 
reafonahle account of this ftrange, yet univerlal 
opinion. 

Ven 97* Apollo fwore ^ Xfc] The poet tells 
us, that Apollo is m twfxoi, always Irrevocable 
in his oath, he ever is fteadfaft and unalterable 
when he fwears. I have tranflated it, bis oath 
Is fate, becaufe as the poetical reader cannot 
want to be informed, the oath of the Gods was 
efteemed* fo binding by the heathens, that they, 
themfelves could not revoke it 5 no, not even 
Jupiter, when he had fworn by Sfyx, to whom 
we may remember the FaUs in iht Heathen 
Mythology are always fuperior. Swearing by 
Apollo, amongd the antients, was looked upon 
as the firmeft bond, and ftrifteft obligation 
poflible : and his oracles were of all others 
efteemed the moft true and facrcd, infomueh 
th^t Euripides fays, Pbctbui alone ou^ht to give 
oracles. Oci|9c» cu&fvnM^ ftomt %pi} bt^TTM^^f. (Jac 
cannot be at a lofs to saccount for thai frequent 
mention of the oath of the Ggds in the heathen 

poets 



THE HYMN TO APOH^O. 

Thee Boedromian fome, dread power, addrefs, 
And fbme implore the Clarian God to blefs : 



41 



(For 



poets', when we recoiled that the promifes of 
God to man from the beginning of time, have 
ftood immediately confirmed hy an oath. See 
Hebrews vi. 17. nay, and we fhall ftili lefs ad- 
roii«, if as many learned men alledge, and feem 
to prove, the original name of ihc deity D^m^K 
AUim^ be derived froni a foot exprciBve of that 
oatb^ whereby the ' fecond divine perfon was 
bound to become a curfe for man, as the other 
two blefled perfona, the federators and Aureties, 
the joint covenanters with him, the joint aSfors 
in this divine covenant of gprace. And as this 
oath was principally to and for the fecond 
divine perfon — to whom the Lord fware znA 
will not repent, Pfalm cx« 4. we fliall be at 
no lofs to account for the veneration given to 
&e oath of ApoUoy the fecond perfon in the 
heathen or material trinity. Leigh on the word 
D^"6i? ^ ^ ,Critica facra fays, that it may be 
derived from n7M^'^*> ^^ adjure; ** the noun Cg- 
nifieth d^tioath^ with execration or curfingy for curj*' 
ing was added to an oath to confirm it the morej^ 
becaufe of the covenant, oath and execration^ 
whereby we are bound to God j" yea rather 
whereby God of his infiiiite mercy, is houni to 
usy who hath fworn to redeem us \ nay and more, 
according to his oath hath redeemed us from the 
curfe being made a .urfe for us, Gah \\u I j. 

Ver. 98. Bocdromlany &c.] Jpollo was called 
Bo'idrormaniy or the ajftflanty from a feflival ce- 
lebrated to his honour amongft the Athenians : 
the month of Jugujl^ in which this feftival was 
celebrated. Was alfo called Boedromian. Dif- 
ferent accounts are*givcn of the origin of this 
name, which the et) mologiftp tell us, is derived 
from B«73 and oftf^t, and is of the fame import 
with BoTjDiw, to ajji/lf'tj run to any one's help 
with Jhouts and clamour : which the Mhenlans 
were once advifeJ to do by the oracle of Jpollo^ 
fay fome, they obeying^ and fo gaining a 
viftory inftituted thii feftival to his hoi;our. 
Plutarch rcpori5>, that it wab obf^rved iu memory 



of a victory obtained by Hefeus over the Jma* 
zons. Others fay, it was inftituted in memory 
of /?, who affifted the Athenians in the reign of 
Ere^heus. But none of thefe reafons feem per* 
fedly to explain the ufe of the word, or ,to ihew 
us, why the month was called Boedromian^ 
which, I think it is plain, gave rife to this ap« 
pellation of Apollo^ according to the mytholo- 
gifts. I am apt to conceive the name is only an 
attribute of the lights which in the month of 
Augujl is tnolenty and if we may fo fay^ rum 
vnth a fwift and vAement progrejsy according 
to the exai^ meaning of BtfJjpo/M«r, whence I con- 
ceive B«Y>jpo/Mv» which is accelerare^ curfu incitat§ 
ferri : So that according to this Apoilo was called 
Boedromian from the violent and intenfe power 
and motion of his rays, i.e. thefolar heat, and the 
month was fo named from him* He was called 
Clarian, we are told, from a town of lonia^ 
named Claros near Colophon^ where was a moil 
celebrated oracle of his : fo that probably he was 
fo named from YM^,Jorsy a lot, as being the 
God of augury and dtvittation^ 2fc. as making 
all x!tAn^ bright 2ni clear : and it feems probable, 
that the oracles of Apollo were thence the moft 
famous and celebrated, as the light ocfun is that 
which bringeth all things to view, and manife/ls 
things that are fecret, agreeable to many ftoriea 
in the heathen mythology ^ particularly that of 
Venus and Mars, whofe amours Phabus faw and 
manifefted. The Latin word clarus (clear^ 
bright) is very near in found, and I imagine in 
fenfe to this name Clarian ; whether it is ufed 
in the fenfe before mentioned, or comes from 
K>.iOf> as fome fuppofe, is not for me to deter- 
mine : but I ilrongly believe both are derived 
from K}^Qu glory, brightnejs. See Littleton'^ 
didtionary on the word Clarus : '* jkXio«, gloria 
fa^wn inuft. KAiif&(> x^«fo(, Clarus.** So that 
according to this» Apollo ws^s called Clarian froni 
the brightnefs s^d clcarnef:^ of the folar Itght^i 
which manifcfls all tilings* 
G 



I 



42 THB,HYMN TO A P O L L p. 

(For to thy merit various nanies^bploijg :\ ■:_ - 

But none like lov'd Carnean glads my (ong : 

For Co my country celebrates the God, 

Who, thrice remov'd, here fix'd his firm abode. 

'From Sparta firil, where firA the name was fung 

Carnean, Theras led the chofen throng : ^ 

Great Theras, from a race of iantient heroes Sprung ^ 

Recover'd Battus then from Thera's ihore, 

Thee and thy colony, bright Phcebus, bore ; 

In Lybia rais'd a temple to thy name^ . \ 

And rites eftablifli'd to record thy fame. 



i .•? 



100 



( 

105 !r 
J 



no 

Which 



* Vcn 501. Carnfafiy kc.j TTxc poet telk Tisi 
that of all the names wherewith ^dj^^/Zi was Ag- 
nified, none pleafed him fe well ais that whereby 
he Mras peculiarly adored, and known in his 
^wn country ; of whofe honour he fhews him- 
felfalways very jealous, omitting no opportunity, 
like a^ found patiiot,. to celebrate either its 
praife, or that of his prince. Apollo^ we are told,. 
Was called Carman from the feaff celebrated to 
kis honour, firft at Sparta^ &nd then at Cyrem ; 
which was held in fo great veneration, that 
children born on that day, were called Car^ 
neaia. Many reafons are given for the name 
(which fee in PMer\ antiquit'us^ vol. i. p. 408) 
but none fatisfaAory. Macrobius too appears 
to have ftrained the matter, when he tells us, 
that Apolh was called- Ka^tt^t mh mci^^n^. ofctraw 
«tof, vel quody cum omnia ardentia confumantur^ 
hicfud^ calore candens fempernovus conjiaty p. 240. 
The true derivation is given by Huet^ in his 
Demottjira, Evangeliea^ who obferves, that ** the 
word Ka^HOf is derived from the Hebrew p)j% 
KaRNy a horn. The reader will immediately 
recolleft what was faid concerning A(?r;w, ver.85. 
and the obfervation at the end, which this of 
M^ Huct confirms i, and it is obfervable tb^j 



CaBfmacb»Sj immediate^' aftfii^" the defcrlption 
and account of the altar of Mortis compofe^ by 
yfpoUoy celebrates the founder of Ks city Battus^ 
who under the aufpices of this God, founded Cy- 
rengy and inftituted the rkes of Carnean Apollo^ 
who, as the 7/]^*/, perfoi'med all the works of 
nature, and to whom therefore/i^w/rj, &c. were 
prefented. See line 113. 

Ver. 104.] The author here gives us an hit 
torical detail of the removal of the colony, under 
fbe aufpices ol Apollo y which firft was fettled at 
Sparta^ thence tranfplanted by Theras (who he 
tells us was the feventh ffom Oedipus) to Thera 
or Theraa^ an ifliftd of the Mgean fca, which 
had its name from this hero Therms according 
to Herodotus, And 3dly, by Baitus conduftcd to 
Lyhidy who built the city Cyrene^ ire. as men- 
tioned in the text. The author calls him A^jiro- 
«Xjic, which we are informed was his original 
name, that of Battus having been given him by 
the oracle, when he confulted it (as obferved 
note. 9 2^) he calls him ouXo«, recovered^ in allu- 
fion to what is recorded in that note, of his rr- 
gaining or recovering his fpeech. Concerning 
the bullsy horned beafts offered to Apollo. See 
note 85. 



THE HYMN TO APOLLO. 43 

Which annual in his city are renew*d, 

When bulls innumerous ftain thy flirines with' blcjod. 

lo, Camean, all-ador'd, we bring 
Tile 'choiceftf be'autf^s of tb^Jpayiti^^ 

Kl"ow gentle ilephyr breaiths^e genial dew, 115 

That gives each flower its variegated hue i 
,But on thy altars, when- Aem winter comes> 
The fragrant laffron breaths its rich perfumes. • 

■ . ." ,.:... 'To 

•Vfer. tfS'ffoW'gehfk; tea.] iTie kutWs: valley, Cant. u,.l. Sec note ho^sifin. So that 

eltpr^on ia hercrema/kably ftTject andpocticaK • upon this view, it is no wonder that what was 

* \ [ ' ' . afcribed to.tbe true Lights in emblem^ was by 

, • ^^^ynmn^tt^. idolaters affigned to their God, the material 

Zephyro injfirante r^^wr^- '"Flowers in the fpring light. 

we find vfcre offered to- ApMo., a juft tribute to ' Ver. 118. Saffron^] I rather tranflate the 
the -Sifw, which brmw them' forth, and gtvfes ' word Itpo^w in. this, place yZj/frwf, thancr»r«/(aa 
them their beauties^ Mbft' Sowers reprefent to/ Mr, Prior ha^th done) becaufe die crocus with 
us tht xi^aAWiWof lightj-ahd in fome {aSthe' us 'may rather be called ^ /fringe than a tvintit 
bill fliwers) the ceconomy V& mtlich to be db*-^ ffower^ nay, indeed it is the very firft of the 
ferved ; for in cveiy finglc Hbwer we fhall find ^ fpring flowers. The Jkjgfr&n is properly the 
fix leavesy with an irraJiatifk in the midft ; and Munmal crocus, whic6 flourrlhes in OSfAer^ 
iii fome nfiore diftindly,' that iiirhichenclbfes the * abeut whieh time the feftival of Carman JpclU 
feed', divided into fhree^ztt^ ih one. as may be'' was-cdcbrated. It was dedicated to Apolk for 
fccfO) partfculariy in the //ff^v thanf liWrich nb* the fame reafon that flowers ifl general were^ 
emblem can better point out to us, thefijt* as juft now obferved, and indeed the Crocus \% 
planets mdvihg around the (un^ a£led upon by ' particularly remarkabte in the refped mentioned 
his irradiation and power, or by the three agents ' in the former note. The gardeners diftinguifh 
/fn?, ligbt^ and fpirit^ which though three in it thus ; << It hath a flower confifting of one 
condition are yet one in fubftance. leaf, which is (haped like a lllly, fiftulous under- 

It is to be Temembred, that great ufe of^ neath, the tube widened into ^^ y2^mrff/x, and 
flowers was made m the ^m^: ceremonies, the r^ing on the firft' ft^k % the pointal rifi» out 
hmous cand/efiiciy 9> r/prefentativMoffbifj/lm^ of the bottom- of- the floWer, and k divided into 
amongft otheV things had flowers to fhew the three headtd knd cfeAed capillaments ; but the 
irradiation of light^ Exod. xxv. 31. See alfo cmpalement afterwards tnrns to an oblong trian- 
2€br^n, iv. ^. aftd cm the forehead of the hi^h- gular point, divided into three cells, and is full 
pri^^ that well-known type of the ^reat Irra* of rcddifli feeds.*- SeeAfillar on the word crocus., 
diat^y the light of the iMrU^ Was phced z flower Thcfe are thfe eharadters, which; without the 
€^gM (for 1^ Ae olrigihal ivotd fignificS )i^ af ttfrnis of il-t, I Obferved belonged to bell-flowers^' 
flower) riay,* that pitine it/^iKf hirnfelf tells us,' emblems of the fix planets^ fupported by the 
tba^he is die roj 6 of Sharon ar.d the liUy of the three agents, in which the Ughti or irraaiatiott 

G a _ i$ 



44 THE HYMN TO APOLLO. 

To thee eternal fires inceflknt rife, 

And on thy fhrine the living coal ne'er dies. 



IIQ. 

When 



is the ruler: and of this the crocus tpo was in 
its colour zn emblem, which is a fecond reafon 
why it was lacrcd to the Gcd of light. Homer 
almoft always defcribes the morning as clad in 
z/affron robe j nay, and calls her particularly, 

Theyi/r^« mom, with early bluflics (pread. 

Sec ///. xi. ver. i. 

znA Virgil follows his fteps dofely, raifiHgbis 
Aurora from the croceum cubile^ the faffron bed 
of Tithonus, By all which is meant no more 
than the fine colour which adorns the mornings 
and of which Hit faffron was a reprefentative, as 
an old poet, quoted by Spanheim^ exprefly in- 
forms us. 

See Excerfta a Crotioy p. 846. 

The flower of the faffron^ which inwove 
B^^fembles the bright rays of Sol. ^ 

' Rutilum folis jubar imitatur. 

Grotius.' 

And as it was thus in its colour an emblem of 
the bright folar light in irradiation^ hence I pre- 
fume its name, which the excellent Spanheim 
hath well obferved is doubtlefs of //ir^/*n(^ origin, 
coming from CD"13 CReCMy which we find. in . 
the Cant. iv. 14. and which is indifputably de- 
rived of "IID CR^y to roll round y to move roUnd 
as in a circle^ which the irradiation daufesthe 
orbs to do, and whence comes ^D^ID CReCB^ 
an orbitj circle^ compafiy as it is rendered Exod. 
xxvii. 5. Moreover as crocus is evidently derived 
from benccy (o I doubt not is citcuSy circulus^ a • 
circUy orbit y for CReL\ crocus, and circus are 
very near in found, and letters, and mutually 
explain and confirm each other. Littleton f^ys, 
that ciVrKj is derived tf CiiwJ^, :*]^D. CReC, cir- 
cundarc, t0 compafs about, Thui we have a 
fiitisfaflory account of the nAme, which explains 
the m^anuig of its coljuvy and- appropriation to 
thefohr lights and which i$, at leaft, more near: 
tiie matter, than the derivation given by the 



fcholiaft,'who tejktis, diat it was Called K^Mk^ 
mafm « ttuftfn t«V4f». which feems very far from 
the fenfe or found of the word. I obferved, 
that it V^ks mentioned in the Canticle}^ at one 
of thofe aromatic fweets« thofe divine and hea^ 
venfy graces, which are in the church tliefpoufe 
<rfChrift. In Chrift himfelf the true light. Is 
a garden of fweet?, his merits, prayers and \n^ 
terceflions are as the incehfe'made of 41U manner • 
of perfumes and fpices after the art of the apo^ 
thecary. See Exod* xxx. 35. And thereiore 
amongft the reft faffron was burnt and offered 
to him in the incenfe, as the Hebrew Rabbis 
and writers inform us : Hence the idolaters might 
ufe it amongft the other perfumes, which com- 
pofed their incenfe to ApoUo.^^ tix\i a^ Cffate 
particularly, the faffrom was remarkable for ita .. 
fragrancy and odour \ as Theopbrafius informs 
us. Evo^/AOTA tmh td n KTPHNH Polk, &C. — — 
Aiof i^ltft >i H TO KPOKOY. « l^hc rofei at Cy- 
rene are very fragrant, whence the oiixtment 
of rofesismoft f^eet: nay, event^e o^our of the « 
violets and other flowers there, is excejicnt iMid - 
divine : but naore efpfcialfy tl^at of xhp faffron.*' - 
I have, I fear, already enlarged foo much 01/ this 
matter, but not fo much as the fubje£l requires^ 
wherefore to make up for the many particulars 
obfervable of this plant, 1 muft refer the reader 
to the learned Spa»/keim*s note 011 this place^ aod . 
alfo tq the ingeniout Mr. Merrick on Tryphip^ 
dorus, note 448. VVe may jyft obferve, by the 
bye, that the blujhes, of the ro/e are given to the 
morning, as well as thcgolden veflure of the crocus^ 

Tht faffron morn with rofy blufhes fpread, tSc. 

And .,! 

Aurora now fair daughter of the dawn 
Sprinkled with rojy light the dewy morn. 

Homer. 

Ver. 120. And, &c«] OvJk ar«Ti xd»^«» vifi^- 
«f?«i uA^aM Tiffn. Nequo unquam hejiemum ah^ 
fumit carbonem cinis, fays the alithorj. ftom 
whence we learn,, that ^\s perpetual fire virgs not 
like fome, a lamp only burning and fed with. 
^ . .oil. 



THE. HYMN TO: APOLLO; 

; When the glad hours bring round the folemh day, ■ 
On whicli Carnean rites his people pay, 
Widi joy the God beholds the choir advance, 
Brown Lybian dames, and warriors, to the dance. 



45 



Not 



oil, but a fire fed with coals, upon the altar : 
his exprei&on is remarkable and cannot well be 
exprefled in our language, the cinder never feeds 
or €$nfumes the yefterdafs coal'; for it is obferv- 
able, that the cinders or aflies do as it were feed 
upon and eat away the fire. Why a perpetual 
fire was kept up in the temple of the God of lights 
we cannot be at a lofs to underjfandi nor (hall 
we wonder at this univerfal cuftom amongft all 
nations, Perftans^ Greeks^ Romans^ Indians^ ice. 
when we confider its origin, and that more- 
over, it was reclaimed to himfelf by the true 
lights and ordered to be kept in his temple. 
•' Tlie/r/fhall ever be bumii\g upon the altar : 
it fhall never go out.*' Levit. vi. 13. Eufebius 
informs us, from Theopbrajlusj «< that the rkc 
of burning perpetual fire to the Gods, had been 
in their worihip from time immemorial." A- 
mongft the Perfiam^ if at any time the facred 
fire went out, they ihcwed fuch a regard to it, 
that they would not rekmdle it but with flame 
lighted up by the Sun-beams, This circumftance 
in JpolU\ worihip, which is not often men- 
tioned, will very, well explain a piece of hiftory, 
which at firft fight feems a little unaccountable, 
v/z. " that when Dates the Perfian burnt and 
deftroyed without mercy, fo many of the Gre- 
cian temples, he (pared thofe in Dehs^ where 
ApoUo and Diana were principally worfhipped." 
It is generally agreed, that Apollo is the fame with 
the Perfiar^s Mithras. And the paflage before 
us proves, that what with the Perftans was the 
grand point of his \Vor(bip, the w^ atnaov, the 
perpetual fre^ was ohfcrved by the Greeks as well 
as themfelves. The Perftans lenity in this In- 
ftance then is not furprizing, fince he himfelf 
not only worfhipped the fame Gcd^ but in the 
Jame manner. For Mithras^ Apollo^ and the 
folar light were all one and the fame. I Iball 
fubjoin a curious account of the method of pre- 
ferving the everlajiing fire near "Baku^ from the 
travels of a modern (Mr. Hanway) no Icfs 
efteemed for his accuracy, than bis ingenuity, 
humanity, and excellence of heart. 



<< Thcfe opinions, with a few -alterations, 
are ftill maintained by fomc of the pofterity of 
■ the Indians and Perfians^ who are called Geberrs 
or Gaursy and are very zealous in preferviiig the 
religion of their ahceftors, particularly in regard 
to their veneration for the element of fire. What 
they call the everlafting fire near Baku^ before 
which thefe people offer their fupplications, is a . 
phaenomenon of a very extraordinaxy aature, in 
fome meafurepeculiar to this country, and there- 
fore deferving a particular d^fcription. The objeA 
of devotion to' the GeherrT^ lies about )0 Eftglijh 
miles N. E. by E. from the ciiy of Baiuj on dry 
rocky land . There arc feveral antient temples built 
With done, fuppofed to have been all dedicated 
to fircy moll of them are. arched vaul.ts, not 
above 10 to 15 feet high. Among others there 
is a little temple in which the Indians novir wor- 
fliip : near the altar about three feet high is a 
large hollow carte, from the end of which iflucs 
a blue flame, in colour and gentlenefs not un- 
like a lamp that burns with ipirits, but fecm- 
ingJy more pure. The Indians affirm, that this 
flame has continued ever fince the flood, and 
they b^lteve it will iaft to the end of the world ; 
that if it was refifted, or fuppreffed in that place^. 
it would rife in fome other. Here are generally 
forty or fifty of thefe poor devotees, who come 
on a pilgrimage from their own country, and 
fubfift upon wild ccllery, and a kind of Jeru- 
falem anichokcs, which are very good food, 
with other herbs and roots found a little to the 
northward. Their bufinefs is to make expia- 
tion, not for their own fins only, but for thofe 
of others, and they continue the longer time, 
in proportion to the number of perfons for whom 
they have engaged to pray. They mark their 
foreheads with faffron^ and have a great vene- 
ration for a red cow ; they wear very little 
cloathing, and thofe who are of the moft di- 
flinguiihed piety, put one of their arms upon 
their heads, or fome other part of their body, 
in a fixed pofition, and keep it unalterably in 
that attitude." 



46 THE HYMN TO A P O L L O^ 

Not yet the Dorkn colony pbffeft . 

The plenteous fcal, by fruitful Cyrne bleft, 



125 



But 



Ver. 125. Notystj itc.} The author in the 
jRore^oftig lines has informed us, that the colony^ 
v^hich now conftitute^ his country, was thrice 
tranfpianted : and her^ he tells us, that they 
h^ not yet arrived at 'the place, which was 
v^tercd by the fountain Cjri or Cjrney that is, 
where the city Cyrene now ftands, but wandered 
in the defart places of A%itis^ a' part of Lybta^ 
when Apollo ftanding on the top of Myrtttfa^ a 
ihountain in Lybia^ (hewed thehi to his bride 
Cyrene^ the daughter of HypfeUs (whence he 
calls her Hypfeis) who was more particularly 
famous for her conqueft over the lion, which 
laid wafte the counttyof Emypjhs^ and which 
fte flew on this very mountain Mjrtuja. Mr, 
l^riQT tranflates the paiiage thus, 

•*— Nor had yet thy votaries 
From Greece tranfpianted touched Cynni% 

banks. 
And lands determined for their laft abodes } 
£ut wander'd thro' Axilis^ horrid foreft, 
Difpers'd ; when from Myrtufa\ craggy broW 
Fond of the maid aufpicious to the city, 
Which muft hereafter bear her favoured name. 
Thou gracious detgn^ft to let the fair one view 
Her typk people : thou with pleafure taught'ft 
J her, fc^^. 

The rtader will eafily fee Mr. Prior^s error,' 
which yet the beauty of his poetry will atone 
{hi: his following lines are built wholly on a 
miftake, and ther^ore ! omit them : and as I 
kfnow not of any better commentary on this 
paflage, I have fu joined a tranflation of the 
9th Pythian cde of Pindar^ where is a full ac* 
cbunt of Gyreruh exploits and ApoUo'% amour. 

Slrophe r. 

Glowing bright with ihicld of brafs, 
Viftorious in the Pythian race. 
Great Tele fur ath his praife 
• My foul delights to found in nobleft lays. 
Ye Graces aid your poet's fong. 
And boldly bear the drain along, 
Spread, fpread the blifs, the glory wide 
Of brave Cyrene'$ garland arnd h«r pride. 



\ . 



From-Pelm's^monrd: wbwewipds perpetdai- 

roar. 
Bright-haired ApoUo fair Cyrem bore, 
To thofe bleft realms where flocks in thon- 
fands ftray. 
And fidleft plenty crowns the fmiltng plam f 
In golden car he bore the nymi;>h away. 
And gave her o'er the te;^Af x third part to 
reign. 

Aniijlrophe r. 

Bright Venui^ goddefe of the fair, 
Who holds her courts and revels there, 
Smiling receiv'd her /)r//tf« gueft,' ' * 
And breathM foft love thro* each enamoiir'd 
bread. 
While modefty fweet-blufliing fpread 
The happy love expefting bed, 
Where glad Apolto*% glowing arifts, 
Might clafp Hypfaus* blooming daughtcr*s 
charms. 
' fromOceati's monarch was Hvpfaus (ptwng^ 
King of the Lapitha^ a Warlike throng j 
Peneus the Cod's, Hyp^dUs Peneuf fon : 

Who dalliance fond with izxtt^reiifa held 
In Pindus* vale, where lie the virgin won. 
And with Cyrene^ godlike father fill'd. 

Epudei. . . . : : -» 

That father, With induftrious care?, ^ 
Each female virtue taught the fiair :r ' . . . 
Biit fhe — a nobler taflc approving, 

Scorn'd the loom's enervate ^toy 9 : 
Far from female trains removing, t 

Talking banquets, lazy joys : 
With the bow, the quiver arming, ' . . 

To the field triumphant flew. 
Where the favage race alarming, 

Thefe her darts unerring flew. 
O'er the hills Aurora rifing, 

E'er equippM the maid beheld, 
Sleeps emollient blifs defpifing. 

Early haft*ning to the field : 
No hoftile beaflrs her father's realms anrtoy*dj 
£he purg'd each foreft, and each fpe defti:oy^J*. 



r.H B :H.Y JVI N _T O APOLLO. 

But thro\Azilis^ gloonpy fcrefts ffcray'd : . , 
When PnoEBUi from Myrtula's Brow furvey^'d^ ' : 
pA^nd to his lovely bride (whofe laving hand 
From the £usrcb Kmi fuee'd the ravaged land) 
With plealing favour fhew'd the typic race> 
Gift of his love and objeA of her ^ace» . ^' 



47 



130 



pHOteBUfr 



Strjfbe 2. 

Once without help of dart or fpear 
Maintauiing an unequal war, 
Phcebus oT\ PiliotCs top furveyM 
EnjEs^'d with lion fierce the lovely maid ! 
Strait Chiron calPJ he fK>m his ca¥e> ^ ' 
*^ Phyllirides thy bower leave. 
Forth, forth, dread Centaur from thy bow'r. 
To view the triumphs of a female power. 
View with what courage ihe maintains the 

'fight, • 
While her great fpirit foars beyond her might : 
She knows not fear : — relate her happy fire, 
' ' What root Its birth to branch fo glorious 
gave ? 
Whatmortal to tlie honour may afpire, 
Of daughter fo undaunted, great, and brave? 

jlniiftropbe a, • > 

.On the virgin^ Cbirariy fay, 
' 'May we £>£t compulfion lay. 
Gently force Iyer to our arms. 
And crop her virgin flower, and Aill-blown 
charms ?** 
SoftepM tD fmile; his features grave. 
This anfwe'r ioh^jcCbirm gave ; 
. **' Who bye's purer flames wou^d fhare 
3y lyp^t perfuaiHon ileal upon the fair. 
And with fosnd elegance of pafEon move, 
^^t yielding fair one to a virtuous love : 
In modeft hints firft figfaing out their flame, 
. i^4 uelicate alike, tho' bolder grown : 
' Fpr pods' and men hate tbofe who know not 
* ' - fliaine, / *- . 

But (hock the ear witbribl^ald kwdnefs tone^ 



Efode a. • • ^ 

But thou, of truth great deity, 
Whofe proving touch all &]f[ioodd Jif : . 
Gentle complaiiadce*iAfpiring, 
' Thtt^alon^toipctkiiacb led*: ' ^^ 
An thou gracious ibau enquiring, ' 
Whence defcends the royal maid ? 
Thou who all events art knowing. 
Every path that mortals tread ; 
Whence their feveral fates are* flowing, 

Where their feveral actions lead : 
Whofe is wifdom paft expre(&z^. 

Knowledge paft our power to tell : > 
Sooner count we earth's encreafing 
When her pregnant bowels fwcll : 
Sooner when waves roll rough and tempefls 

roar. 
Number tke land8,thaC raging crowd the ihore: 

Strophe j. 

All things are oyen to diy eyes. 
Both where they flow, and whence they rife; 
Yet if with one (b wife and great, 
'Tis granted me, dread king, myfdf to meet:. 
Hear what the Centaur hath to tell : 
Deftin'd the maid's, you fought this vale: 
Hither thou cam*ft her love to (hare, 
And io Jove' ^ gardens o'er the feas fhall bear : 
Thither ihy ♦people from their tiflcftiall tend. 
And to the vale-furrounded hill afcend, 
Where rule from thee Cyrene (hall receive; . 

Now for thy fake glad Lybia to the fair 
In golden domes reception waits to give. 
And yield her of her fpa^ious empire /hare. 



f Tie Spartant. 



+ Tntra^ 



Antijirofba 



4.8 THE HYMN TO APOLLO. 

Phoebus no choir, Cyrene, more divine. 

Nor ftate mote favour'd, e*er beholds than thine : 

Mindful for ever of the ravifh*d dame 

Whofe wond'rous charms infpir*d and blefl hi& flame : 

And hence fuperior honours are beftow'd. 

By grateful fbns of Battus on their God. 

Sing Io Paean, fing the facred found ; 
The Delphian people to thy honour found : 
What time thy golden arrows plenteous flew, 
And the fell Python, dreadful ferpent, flew: 



135 



140 



• Swift 



Jntifirophi 3. 

There (hall they rule, their laws the fame, 
And joint command and empire claim. 
O'er realms for nobleft beafts renowh'd, 
0*er fields with fruitsand fulleft plenty crown'd. 
There with a fon fliall fhe be bleft, 
Whom carried from his mother's breaftt 
The gQlden-tbroned hours fhall join 
With mother earth to nurfe, and make divine : 
Hermes to them (hall bear Apollo^ race, 
j^nd on their laps the fmiling infant place : 
His rofy lips the well pleas'd nymphs fliall blefe, 

With nedar and ambrofia heavenly food : 
Which to his fire's and grandfire's place fliall 
raife. 
And make of men's delight the man, a God : 

Epodc 3. 

The fields and flocks, his care (hall claim, 
And Arijlaus be his name." 
Speaking thus to confummation, 

Chiron inftigates the goj ; 
Swift is each immortal a6lion. 

Swift their flight and (hort the joad : 
Saw that day the deed uncnded \ ■ ^~ 

Lybia ft rait received the pair : 
Bot 1 thr golden bed afcendcd* 

Blefl, and b^th immortal there : 



There her beauteous city guarding. 

Fair Cyrene ever fniiles. 
Her CarneaTj.*s l^ill rewarding 
In the Pyi/jian's f^crcd .toils : 
Thrice blefl Carman *, whofc renown can 

give 
Fame to thofe realms, whence all their feme 
receive, i^c. 

Ver, 142. And the fell PythoHj &c.]/T^hc 
afcribing this exploit to Apollo feems evifieqtly to 
have arifen from a corrupt tradition of vi^hat the 
Redeemer was to doy a tradition founded on the 
promife of God, that *' the feed of- the woman 
(houlJ bruife the ferpenfs head.** V^ c fee (as 
was before remarked, note 34.) that this tri- 
umphant found of lo Peean^ took its dri^Tinal 
from this viflory of the G^df over tht prpent^ 
which ron firms the agreement noted above be- 
tween it and Hallelujah^ which is an acclama- 
tion oT viftory and triumph : as here the people 
are introduced finging this fonp of joy to their 
Apollir for 'the dtfiverance wrought byKirn^ fo 
in the Rrdelation xii. 9. we read, that ^hen 
the great dragon was caft bur,' that old ferpent 
called the devS and &tan,-— wh^ he' was caft out 

into 

* Teleficratei. 



:j 



THE HYMN TO APOLLO. 

Swift from thy bow they piercM the monfter's heart, 

While ftjll the people cry'd, " Elance the dart:'* 

Each fhaft with acclamations they attend, 

" lo, fend forth, another arrow fend : 

** Thee thy bleft mother bore, and pleas'd affign'd 

" The willing Saviour of diftreft mankind." 



49 



«45 



Envy 



into the earth and fubdued, a loud voice was 
heard in heaven, faying, ** Now is come fal- 
vation zndjlnngthy and the kingdom of our God, 
and the power of his Chrift, &c. Sec ver. 13. 
and XX. 2, 3. It is obferveable, that Callima^ 
thus only explains the name U, and that of ^Wn 
^''?^> which nothing aiFefts the explanation given 
in the before mentioned note : for n«inQv, Paan^ 
muft indifputably come from ««*«, percutioyferio, 
io Jirike^emityfendforth \ and Scapula immediate- 
ly fays, «« Apollo was called Paan^ w»faro vaiw, 
aferUndo^ quod afagittis Pyihonemjferpentem confo- 
derit.*^ And we muft remember, that In (how- 
ever deduced) is finally derived from Et^i, to be^ 
which comes from Ew, and whence is derived 

' Ii}/4f . See Stephens*^ Thefaurus, and Scapula's Lex- 
icon. So that lif, Je^ or reverfed EJ imme- 
diately exprefles the ejfcnce^ thou art : and muft 
be appropriated to the divinity, as before proved. 
The connei^ion between w, §tfM, ttifu. Sec. are 
well worth the notice of the critical and learned 
etymologift. I fhall have occafion to fpeak more 
of Python in the hymn to Drlos. 

Ver. 147. 77;/-^, &c.] The people in^ their 

' acclamations to their triumphant deity do not 
barely fay, that he was born, the Saviour, &c» 
or that his father begat him a Saviour, tfr. 
but that his mother bore htniy 

— Et;Ot;<riMHTHP 
riw«T AOZLHTHPA. 

for we muft remark, that according to the pro- 
mife, it was the SEED of the WOMAN that 
was to bruife the prpenfs head. I know not 
of any one word in the Englijh language, which 
fully exprcffes «o^uTi»p« in the original j the ety- 



mologifts explain it by Bontsrrw avrtjiar^ eaty 
•^0^ «ai «Xi}Jb»of, one that lends his af&ftance 
enth-ely of his own accord, without being called 
upon, or demanded, &r. nor can I tell of any 
better method of exprefling it, than << a willing, 
voluntary Saviour and deliverer^* and I know 
not of any thing which can give us an idea of 
the word fave his gracious name and mercy, 
who loved us and gave himfelffor us^ Ephef. v. 2. 
a ranfom for all, i 77ot. ii. 6» who put away fm 
by t\it facrijice oi himfelf, Hcb. ix. 26. and of his 
OlFN WILL begat us with the word of his 
truth, "James i. 18. A learned friend obfervcs, 
<* That the true interpretation of G^v. iii. 20. 
will throw coniiderable light on this exprcf- 
fion. The words are, Adam called his wife's 
name Eve, becaufe flie was the mother of all 
living. On merely reading our tranflation, 
tlierc are few pcrfons but take living for a word 
of the plural number, whereas it * is really An- 
gular, and may be interpicted either living or 
life (vivens or vita). The learned Dr. Hodges 
[Elihuy p. 252, 3. 4to edit.) has the following 
remarks on this verfe. '* The words, fays he, 
I thir.k ought to be rendered, Adam (upon the 
promife being given) called his wife^s namt 
CHaVaHy hecauje Jke was to he (futura ejfet, fays 
a commentator cited by Poole) the mother of 
all or univerfal life, as die original may, I had 

almoft faid, muft be rendred. — Eve*s name is 
undoubtedly derived from the verb CHaVaH, 
as our translators inform us in the margin, which 
begins with a CHeth H, whofe expoluion, ac- 
cording to Marius, is to make manifejl, fhew* 
forth, declare, demonflrate, exhibit, &c. and 
is ufed in Darnel for a particular exhibition and 
declaration, of thofe eventual realities, which 

H were 



50 THE HYMN TO APOLLO. 

Envy, grown pale with felf-confuming cares, 
Thus flied her poifon in Apollo's ears : 
" I hate the bard, who cannot pour his long, 
" Full as the Sea, and as the torrent ftrong,'* 
The fiend Apollo fcorning, lpurn*d afide 
With angry foot indignant, and repHed : 
" Headlong defcends the deep Aflyrian flood, 
" But with pollution foul'd^ and black with mud ; 



150 



155 



"• While 



were adumhratid and mgmaUcally reprefented 
in Nebuchadnezzar's dream. It is evident, I 
think, that the words when firft delivered were 
underftood by Eve in * this fenfe from what flie 
fays upon the birth of Cain^ I have gotten the 
many the Jehovahy as the vvrords are rendred by 
very learned men. See GlaJJiuSy Poole, Hutchin- 
forty &c. Had Eve attended to every particular 
of this prophecy, fhe would have looked farther 
for the completion of it. A mother oniy being 
mentioned as being to have the fole honour and 
bleffing of producing this univerfal life (who 
was properly fo called, as he was the author 
and giver of life) (he might have inferred, that 
Cain could not be the promiied feed, fmce he 
was conceived by Adam's knowing her. A fu- 
ture Eve was therefore pointed out, who fliould 
produce a man without the aiSfbmce of man, 
and fo be a mother in an exclufive fenfe. This 
man, or produ(Elion was likewife to be ally or 
univerfal life, the fountain of life, or icftorer of 
immortality.*' 

Hath not the poet preferved the tradition 
with remarkable exadtnefs ? He does not fay, 
%fAv tyMS aocavt^fy thou tuajl born the Saviour, &c. 
but iv9v at i4,nryif ytvar cloacmiofoi, thy mother bore 
thee a Savioury &c. 



Ver. 149. Eftvyy &c.] It has been imagined 
by many commentators, that this was a fecrcr 
indnuation of the attempts made by fome envious 
perfon to depreciate CalUmaihus in the eye of 
his patron and Apolloy Ptokmyy and of the fruit- 
leiTnefs of the attempt ; and this opinion is con- 
firmed by^what Calliinachu^s fays of himfelf, that 
he fung xfiiffiToygt Scwxeintii, His enemies took the 
handle from the minutenefs of our author's ge-. 
nius, and the fmallnefs of his performances : 
he always profeft himfelf a great, admirer of 
conci fenefs, the p(axv>.o7i», and is faid to have had 
conftantly in his mouth {jnya 0»fi^lov, fuya Ka.Kt»t 
a great hooky a great evil. It is moreover 
conjcftured, that the author in the words of 
envy alludes to fome poem well known in his 
times, probably the Argonaut ic of his cotempo- 
rary Apollonius Rhodiusy between whom and Cali- 
limachus there appears to have been gi^at jea- 
loufy J whofe Argonautics he might well cha- 
raSerife by the title of «ro»To<, as their fubjeft is. 
principally the expedition in the Euxine fea, and 
as that poet begins them thus, 

•— Ap;i^ofuw< ct9 ^0*^1, &C 
MnKTOfMt o» nONTOI O KAta, rojJLa/Scc. 



* And I leave it to the rcfledion of every confidcrate reader, whether the fenfe here propofed be not 
much more pertinent to the then date of man,, than that in which they are> I doubt, commonly under- 
ftood. 7. P. 

The 



THE HYMN TO APOLLO. 

^^ While the Meliffe facred waters bring, 
*' Not from each ftream, but from the pureft fpring, 
^^ From whofe fmall urn the limpid current rills 
^^ In clear perfedion down the gladden'd hills." 

Hail king, once more thy conquering arm extend, 
To final ruin rancorous Envy fend I 



5^ 



i6o 



The fcholiaft informs us, that Callimachus was 
abfolutely compelled by thefe reproaches of 
his enemies, to write a long poem, which he 
called Hecale. The Melljps were the priefteflTes 
of Ctres. Mr. Prior has wandered very widely 
from his author in the conclufion of this hvmn : 
nay, and indeed in the beginning of this Ipeech 
of Envfs to JfolUy whom the poet introduces, 
as initnuating privately into the ear9 of the God 
her bitter venom; in a manner beautifully de- 
fcribed by Mr. Pope j 

* Willing to wound, and yet afraid toftrike, 
Juft bint z fault and hejitate diflike. 

Mr. Prior thus renders the paflage^ 

Envy thy latent foe fuggefted thus, 

Like thee I am a power immortal : Aerefore 

To thee dare Tpeak : how canfl thou favour 

partial 
Thofc poets, bfc. 

And the laft line. 



he thus enlarges upon,* which, 'for ^ the beauty 
of the poetry, I fubjoin, though it is by no 
means ajtranflation of Callimachus. 

lo Apollo J mighty king : let envy 
Ill-judging and verbofe, from Lethe's lake 
Draw tuns unmeafurable, while thy favour 
Adminifiers to my ambitious thirft 
The wholefome draught from Jganippe^% 

fpring. 
Genuine, and with foft murmurs gently rilling, 
A down the mountains where thy daughters 

haunt. 159 

Thus I have gone through this celebrated and 
excellent hjrmn, in which are found many re- 
makable pafTages, fuch as I fear, are not to be 
parallelled in thofe which follow : if from any of 
them, the leaft light is*tbrown on any part of 
fcripture, however fmall, I fhall rejoice, an4 
think my labours not wholly in vain. 



End of the Hymn to Apollo* 




'■0^ ^^ 



THE 



Third Hymn of Callimachus. 

* To Diana., 

O D D E S S, delighting in the fylvan chace, 
The bow, the quiver, dance and mountain fports, 
Goddcfs of \yoods, Diana, thee we fing j 
Woe to the bard whofe fongs forget thy praife! 
Thee will we fing, and hence begin the fong ; 5 

How, 




• Hymn /^Diana.J, The poet having fung 
the praifes ofApoIioj proceeds next to fpeak of his 
fitter Dianoy whom he makes it a point of reli- 
gion to celebrate, and a duty incumbent upon the 
poetical fons of Apollo^ not to forget the fifter 
of their God : fo greatly cftcemed as (he was 
amongft mankind ; nay^ and even honoured with 
die title of r«T«f«, as that of Xu^yi^t Saviour ^ 
was given to her brother. See hymn to Apollo^ 
ver. 62, and 147. By Diana^ in the heathen 
ij&^my it 13 well known, is meant the moony 



whom with the fun and Jlars we arc affured, 
from infallible truth, the antient idolaters wor- 
fhipped. ** And left thou lift up thine eyes unto 
heaven^ and when thou feeft the SUN^ and the 
MOONy and the STARS, even all the hojl ^f 
heaven, (houldft be driven to worJlAp them, i^c. 
Deut. iv. 19. comp. Job xxxi. 26. The reader 
muft not expecl to find fo many beautiful allu- 
fions to revelation in this hymn as in the former, 
which abounds with fable, and as being prin- 
cipally narrative, is of neceffity notfo inftruclivo. 

ia 



THEHYMN TO DIANA. 

How, when a prattler on the thunderfer's lap, 
The little Goddefs thus addreft her fire : 
— ^* Be vowM virginity thy daughter's lot, 



53 



« She 



in religious truths : yet it wants not beauties, 
and has been always juiUy efteemed as an in- 
comparable piece of poetry. The word which 
I have rendred fylvan chace in the firft line is, 
in the original haymfioUai, wretchedly tfanflated 
lUiia in the Latin verfion : the proper fenfe of 
the word is hunting ofbares^ but according to no 
uncommon cuftom, it is applied from that fpe* 
cies of it, to hunting in general, as iXafiii9eAi«, 
which though commonly ufcd for hunting in ge- 
neralj fignines in ^zxt\c\x\2iTjlag'hunting. 

Diana's fpeech.'} Frifchlinus is ingenious 
enough in his annotation on the following fpeech: 
The poet, fays he, puts a fpeech into the mouth 
of the Goddefs entirely becoming her ; her peti- 
tions are all fuch as Diana might alk ; and more, 
I think they may all be underftood of the moony 
^a quidem omnia de luna aptijjimi inteUigi 
pojfunt : bac enimfemper virgo {/?, ts^r. 

**> She is always a virgin^ becaufe (he always 
retains the fame vigour of age, and never grows 
old : for the heavenly bodies do not experience 
that mutation and metamorphoiis,. which other 
frail and paffing things, fubje£l to many cor- 
ruptions, experience. She is faid to emit her 
darts or arrows, and to hunt wild beafts, be- 
caufe, with her rays fint forth and difperfed in 
the night, Ihe enlightens thefe lower regions, 
and fupplies them with moifture, and the proper 
power of encreafe and vegetation. She is moft 
patient and enduring of labours in her courfgy 
becaufe the moon in her period, which, ihe per- 
forms with admirable fwiftnefs, is never wearied : 
fhe is accompanied with many nymphs and atten- 
dants \ becaufe when (he fliines in the night, 
(he is on all (ides furrounded with ftars ; ihe is 
in fine, montium cujtosy nemorumque virgOj the 
guardian of the mountains^ and virgin Goddefs of 
the groves ; becaufe, when ihe artfes ihe feems 
to us to arife from the mountains, when ihe fets, 
to defcend down into them." Of the power of 
the moon in vegetation we are informed from the 
fcriptures, where we are told of ihe precious things 
put forth by the moon, Deut, zxxiii. 14* and 



Pliny remarks, that crefente lunafrumenta gran* 
defcunt. 

Vcr. 8. Virginity.'] Her firft petition is for 
perpetual virginity, which Ov/W tells, was afters- 
wards a requeft of Daphne's^ 

Da mihi perpetuoy genitor chariffimcy dixit ^ 
Virginitate frui — dedit hoc pater ante Diamez 

Then cafting round his neck her tender arms 
Sooths him with blandiihment, and filial 

charms : 
Give me, niy lord, (he faid, to live and die, 
A fpotlef» maid, without the nuptial tye : 
'Tis but a fmall requeft ; I beg no more 
Than what Diana^s father gave before. 

Dryden. 

Paul Foetj is a little fevere upon the ladies in 
his note on this place : ** For, he fays, women 
arechafte, not thro* choice and good will (being 
very frail in their own natures) but by neceiSty ; 
and therefore Diana begs to be chafte, while 
it was fcarce poffible for her to be fo." And in- 
deed, ** vows of virginity ihould well be 
weighed :" fmce even this chafteft of chafte ones, 
thk Diana herfclf has been taxed of cancelling 
her vow wJth Endymion! however, mytholo- 
gifts have endeavoured to clear her from all 
aJfperfions, by (hewing us the meaning of this 
allegory J and amongft the reft the moft ingenious 
lord Bacony whom fee in his Sapientia Feterumy 
under Endymion five gratiofus. See alfo Banter's 
mythology, vol. i. p. 45 and 77. where diis 
matter is accounted for rather nearer the truth 
than lord Bacon*s, Homer has a p^-iTage in his 
hymn to Venusj flmilar to this of our author; 

But bright Diana Venus ne'er cou'd move. 
To taftethe fweets and own the pow'r of love : 
The virgin Goddefs ftill unconquer'd roves, 
And with her lays of freedom -<:harms the 

groves : 
The chace, the choir, the dance engage her 

foul. 
And ftates where virtue and religion rule. 



54- THE HY&IN TO DIANA. 

^^ She cry'd, my father : and for numerous names 

With thy Diana let not Phoebus vie. 

Be mine the bow, the quiver : not from thee 

Thofe arms I afk : permit but the requeft, 

The fwarthy Cyclops fhall perform the talk, 

Point the wifli'd fhafts and firing the flexile bow : 

Let me bear light : and chace the flying game 

Down to the knee in welted tunic clad. 

Of Ocean's daughters, iixty lovely nymphs. 

Who yet have feen, but thrice three fummers bloom, 



10 



'S 



Young 



Ver. 9. For numerous names, ^ Amongft the 
fcvcral^ caufcs that have introduced fo much 
confufion in the heathen fyftem of religion, 
there are few have bedTi more prejudicial than 
this beforeus,nameIy ,l*he great variety of names, 
whereby they addreft their Gods. From hence 
it is, that fuch a mob of nominal deities have pro- 
ceeded : for thofe names, which were only ufed 
as epithets and charafteriftics of the feveraJ pro- 
perties, aftions, and benefits of*the fame god, 
afterwards were thought to denote different 
deities, and by that means multitudes of un- . 
heard of beings were introduced. We may 
remember, that Callimachus afligns this honour 
to ^/>5//d of having many names. See ver. 100. 
of the hymn to Apollo » 

<* This is that woxpxoy**, much fpeaking^ and 
-vain repetition^ fays Gravius^ which Chrift con- 
demns in the prayers of the heathens, Matt. vi. 
7. for the heathens particularly afFefted this, and 
not only the Greeks^ but alfo all the eaftern na- 
tions. ■ Hence Selden de Diis Syr its hath ob- 
ftrved, that amongfl the Arabians their hymns 
to God were fluffed with names only, apper- 
taining to the deity, infomuch that above an 
hundred names were gathered together, without 
any fingle exprcflion, except thefe of invocation. 
Stc more concerning this «r»x»«w/*if in Selden^** 



Wc need not go fo far as the Syrians^ fince 
every reader of the hymns of Orpheus muft ne- 
ceffarily obferve, that they confift of nothing 
befide thefe names and appellations of the deities 
to whom they are addreft^ and whofe attributes 
they record. 

Ver. 15. Let me hear light.] This petition of 
Diana's is doubilcfs applicable to the moon : and 
beft explained by the antient remains we meet 
with, where (he is reprefentcd with a moon, 
and two torches, whence flie had the name of 
*A«^x<^, iorch-hearer^ as well as ^w^ofo?, lights 
bearer ; which laft was often given to Minerva^ 
becaufe, as Proclus explains it, flie, as it were, 
lights in the foul the fire of underftanding ; but 
to Diana, becaufe fhe brings to light the hidden 
fccrct* of nature. To explain thefe attributes, 
vejiments, ice. of Diana, I have given the 
antient coins, as the beft commentary on the 
author. 

Ver. 17. OccBSi's daughters,] He/icd reckons 
up a goodly company of thefe daughters of 
Oceanus and Tethys ; and adds, that they were 
in number three tboufand, 

*— IIoAAai yi 'iiM net tuu a?Aat 

S^ Hefiody Buytnet, ver. 364. and Banier^s My^ 

thology. 



THE HYMNTO DIANA, 5s 

Young and unfpotted all, to join the dance 
My lov'd compeers appoint : and from the banks 20 

Of Amniflis a train inferior fend 
In number and deg;:ee, attendants meet 
My bufkins to provide^ or careful tend 
My faithful dogs, when, wearied from the chace,. 
Their miftrefs lays her ufelefs quiver by. 25. 

Each mountain be my dow'r : and, wherefoe'er 
Thou wilt, allot one city to my charge : 
Midfl mountains my abode, rare (hall the dia 
Of populous cities grate my peaceful car : 
Thea only, mixing with the mortal croud 30 

When 

Aology, voL I. p» 114. ofdiefe, according to going to lofe their virginity* Hence in the Gr/<»l 

our poet, Diana deflres iixty for her companions^ poets they are often called U»f6miun im^h and 

and GratiuSy who fays, in Latin^ Zona virgima. Medea^ meaning to 

J jr. ^ '. r L 'J' f^y fl^c w^ ftill ^ virgin.^ fpeaks thus in ApolU^ 

Jlifcivere tuo cormUsfub nomine atV4e / o ^ r r 



Centum omnes. nemorum^ centum Jm fontibus 

omuesy My zone ftill unpolluted and unloosed 

Haides — — *^ Stiil pure, as in my father's houfe, remains. 

is nearly confonant to him ; for flie had twenty So that thcfe Oceammt arc not called a^t^i. 

of the Jmnijian nymphs, fo that all together becaufe they had loft their zones and virginity, 

make up ahnoft the hundred. ^^^ becaufe they had not yet received the virgin 

Vcr. 19. Young andunfpottedA The original Is 2one» bcingyct too young for marriage/* 

Ver. 20. The banks of Amnifus,^ Jnmifusvmi 

Hm-oc firari«c» »«r»« m »«»>-k ofwr^iv. thc name of a city^ as well as a river of Crete^ 

the nymphs belonging to which were called Jm* 

where Spanbelm obferves, that the zones or n/Vfa/Z/x ; twenty of whom D/tf»tf here defires for 

l^r^uh were given only to thofe virgins who her maids, for that is the meaning of A^^maymu 

were marriageable, Firo matura ; and taken in the original, as their of&ce confirms. Diana 

from them, or according to the known expref- was faid to have been begotten in this city, and 

fion, faid to be loofed (fohi) when they yrcre frequently to bath in thc riven 



5^ THE HYMN TO DIANA. 

When women torn with child^bed's throbbing throws 
Diana's aid implore : to me this lot 
Immediate on my birth, the Fates affign*d, 
For that, without a mother's pangs brought forth, 
Who in my birth or bearing ne'er knew woe I" 
— She fpake and to confirm her words uprais'd 
Her little hand, attempting fond to ftroke. 
With adulation fweet, her father's beard : 



35 



Oft 



Vcr. 31. TPTjen women^ &c.] Dianam autem 
et lunam eandem ejfe putant, l^c, luna, a lucendo 
nominatafit : eadem eft enim lucina. Itaque ut 
apud Gracos Dianam atqui htciferam ftc apud 
nos Junonem lucinam in pariendo invocant j qua 
eadem Diana omnivaga dicitur^ non a venando, 
fed quod in fcpteni numeratur tanquam vaganti- 
bus : Diana di£ia quia noSJu quafi diem efficeret. 
Adhibetur autem ad partus^ quod fe mature fcunt 
aut feptem nonnunquam aut plerumque novem 
luna curftbus : qui^ quia menfsL fpatia conficiunty 
nienfes nominantur. Cicero de Nat, Deorum. 
c. 27.115 2. We learn from this paflagcof Cwr^, 
what hath been before advanced, note i. that 
Diana and the Moon are one ; and that the names 
Lunay Lucina^ ^c, are derived from Jhining, 
That fhe is called omnivaga, or faid to wander 
every where^ not from huntings but becaufe (he 
IS numb red amongft the feven wandring or er- 
ratic Jiars or planets. That fhe is called Diana j 
hccaufe fhe makes a kind of day in the night ; 
and particularly, that {he was invoked to the 
affiftance of child-bearing women, becaufe births 
are perfeded in feven, or at the moft, in nine 
of her courfes, £5fx/' There might poffibly be 
many other reafons given for this fable of the 
Moon's or Diana's affiftance to travailing wo- 
men ; whofe influence upon their bodies did 
not efcape the antients, and whofe months are 
flill their ftatcd reckonings, ^c. ** The Fates 
are very properly mentioned by Callimachus (as 
S^anheim obferves) with Diana Lucifera : EiX«- 
^vix «r«^s^§of fAot^ar, is an expreffipn of Pindar's 
in his 7ih Nemean Ode (the firft line) and again, 
i^jaking of Evadnis bringing forth, he fays. 



Jpolh caufed the Fates and Lucina to be prcfent 

Lucina and the Fates confendng 

To Apollo's fond requeft, 
All the mother's pangs preventing 

With the darling offspring bleft. 

Olympic the 6th. 

And Anton. Liberal In his metamorphofes,rpeak* 
ing of Alcmena^ fays, Mot^fti mi EiXfiOvi* «pH 

And this obfervation will (by the way) throw 
light on that paffjge in Horace^ where after in- 
voking Ilithyia^ he fpeakes of the Fates — Vofqut 
veraces ceciniffe parca.*^'-^^t the fecular poem. 
Ver. 35. M^, &c.] In the hymn to Jupiter^ 
he fpeaks of the birth of that deity by fMyrnXm 
avt^nKojo xoAwwF, and here, of Diana's by ftXui 
avthitaro itohirM ; and that »fioyuT», without any 
pangs of labor : for, fays Madam Dacier^ He^ 
roints fine dolor e pariunt : ** Heroins bring forth 
without labour." But furely, that learned' lady 
did not confider the cafe of Latona, fully men- 
tioned in the next hymn, when fhe brought 
forth Apolloy as well as that of Alcmena's hinted 
at in the laft note. It may be neceffary juft to 
obfervc (that the reader may enter the better 
into the meaning of the fubfequent lines) that 
that there was none fo great a mark of blan- 
difliment and affefiion amongft the antients, 
as ftroking the beard : as on the contrary, none 
fo great an affront as plucking it : numberlefs 
inftances of each abound in the claffics. Virgil 
gives us a defcription of Jupiter's fmile, not un- 
like this of our author. OH fubridens. -dEneid. i, 
vcr, 258. 



THE HYMN TO DIANA. 

Oft fruitlefs : when a foft parental finile 

His brows o*erfpreading, thus he anfwer'd bland : 

" When heaven's immortal beauties crown my joys, 

" With fuch a progeny — ^proud queen of heav'n, 

« Welcome thy jealous ire ! — enjoy, fweet maid, 

" Thy every fond requeft : nor thine alone, 

" Still more and greater will thy father add I 

" Of ways and ports inlpedrefs thou {halt view 

" Innumerous ftatues to thy honour rais'd : . 

<* To thy protedion and thy care affign'd, 

" Sole tutelary guardian of thofe flates, 

** Be thrice ten cities — ^thefe thy name (hall bear. 



57 



40 



45 



50 
« Mark 



To whom the father of th* immortal race, 
Smiling with ihat ferene, indulgent face, 
With which he drives the clouds, and clears 

the ikies, 
Firft gave a holy kifs, and thus replies. 

DaVDEN. 

Ver. 41. ffTfin^ &c.] The whole heathen my- 
thology abounds with tales of y^^^^'sjealoufyj and 
indeed, (he feems to have had good caufe, from 
the multitude of amours and gallantries of her 
hufbsnd. The God here exults over her, and 
tfiumph^ in his debaucheries, the produce of 
which was fo amiable a daughter as the chafte 
Diana. To make their fupreme thus prone to 
lufl-, however mythologifts may attempt to ac- 
count for it, is doubtltfe highly blamcablc in the 
antii-nts, but to fliew him exulting in the fin, 
admits of no excufe. I am pcrfuaded, or at 
lead, fo I woul J perfuade myfclf, that Callima-, 
chus meant the paffigc as a fatyrical farcafm ; 
taken in that fcnfc, it is really admirable ; and 



the words, well confidered, feem to convey fome 
thing of that fort : though Frifcblinus imagines 
it expreffive of the greateft affe^on and ten- 
dernefs. Plena affe^us pattrni ac fumma bene" 
voUntia rejponjioy ^c. 

Ver. 46. OfPorts^ &c,] I have made bold 
to tranfpofe the order of the lines here, for rea- 
fons which will eafily ftrike an Englijh reader, 
and I doubt not will be fatisfadory. *< Jupiter 
too, as the learned Spanheim obfervcs, was called 
Aiftaw^xovofy as well as Venus f iA«p/Airf»^a ; fo that 
this was no mean appellation. He thinks Diana*s 
title may be referred to the moon, who is faid 
to rife from, and fet in the fea, by the poets ; 
fo Valerius Flaccus — Diva foporif eras qua nunc 
trahis aqvore higas — or to that power attributed 
to her over all fublunary thing<(, as well earth as 
fea." But it feems rather,^ that fhe was faid 
to prcfide over ports on account of her influence 
over the tides, of which it is too well known 
to fay any thing here that the moon is the prin- 
cipal caufe. 

I 



58 .TH£ HYMN TO DIANA. 

" Mark of diftinguifh'd favour— nor alone 

*< In thefe be hxmor*d i various more remain 

" On ifle and continent where thou flialt fhare 

" In common with heaven's {ynod, h(Ay rites, 

" And reverence due of altars, fanes, and groves." 55 

Speaking his awful head the thimderer bow'd. 

And ratified his promife with the nod. 

Swift to Didtynna's mount the Goddefs flies. 

To Ocean thence, her lovely choir to choufe, 

Young and unfpotted all, a virgin train, 60 

Who yet had feen but thrice three fummers bloom. 

In murmuring joy Caeratus* ftream roU'd on. 

And o*er his urn old Tethys fmiling hung, 

When 

Ver. 55. Altars €inJ grovis.] The poet placet Ver. 58. Diaynna.] It may be afked, why 
CkffMs altars^ before AXn»» groves^ tbeconfecra- went (he to this mountain firft? Why not 10 
tion of which is generally thought to have been the ocean immediately i Probably it might be 
antecedent to that of temples and altars : thefe to take pofleflion (if we may fo fay) of her new 
dark and venerable retreats caft a folemn awe dominions, and particularly of this favorite 
over the minds of the worfhippers, and their mountain: but more probably, as this mountain 
gloomy filence added much to the folemnity of was near the fea, to ihe weft of Crcte^ the 
the Pagan ceremonies. It was an univerfal poet only tells us, the part of the iea (he went 
cuitom K> have thefe groves round the temples, ta. 
and fo diftingui(hing a part of the heathen idola- 
try, that the worlhippers of the the true God Ver. 62. Caratus.^ Was not only the name 
were particularly forbidden the ufe of them, of a river in Crete^ but alfo the noble city Cnof- 
See Deut. xvi. 21 . Ex9d, xxxiv. 1 3. Deut, xii. fm^ near which it flowed, was thence called Ca^ 
2 Kings xxiii. 6. See alfo the ingenious Abbe ratus. Callimachus very artfully mentions fuch 
Bamer*s curious chapter of tlie facrcd Groves, phces as particularly worfhipped Diana j fuch 
bw 3. c. 7. vol. I. ' was Cmjfus\ otherwife, why (bouid he net 

1 (hall have occafion to (peak more of the have mentioned any other city, liver or mountain 

ficred groves hereafter in the hymn to C.res^ than tliat he has done ? Arte valet ^ was Ovid's 

where we have an account of her facred grove chjrafter cf him, and there is undoubtedly pe- 

cut down, and polluted by Eryftchthon. See the culiar elegance and nicety in tliis method, 
h/nin, ver. 33, ^c. 



THE HYMN TO DIANA. 

Whenas they view'd their favor*d race advance, 
And bright Diana lead the nymphs along. 
Hence to the Cyclops pafling, thofe flie found 
In Lipara's ifle (then Meligunis nam'd, 
Now Lipara) crowding round a trough immeiiie^ 
That huge vulcanian anvils groaning bore : 



59 



6S 



£n(xrmous 



ii 



Vcr. 68 A trough. '\ XU^%T^yh oquarium^ a 
trough for water, as mvt%ni^ is tranflated from the 
LXX in our Bible, Giu. xxiv, 20, 30, 38.* Vir* 
gtl has a fine fimile in his 4th Georgjc^ which he 
has in a gceat meafure repeated in the 8th Mn^d^ 
concerning the CyclopSy and which, a« iUuftrating 
CallimachuSy I fhall produce : 

Infula Jicanium juxta I at us oeoliamque 
Erigitur Lifarenj fs^r. ^n. viii. 416. 

Amid th' Hejperian and Sicilian JIdod 

All black with fmoke, a rocky iiland ftood. 

The dark vulcanian land, the region of the 

God. 

Here the grim Cyclops ply, in vaults profound. 
The hwgc^olian forge, that thunders round : 
Th* eternal anvils ring, the dungeon o'er; 
From fide to fide the fiery caverns roar : 
Loud groans the mafs, beneath their ponderous 

blows. 
Fierce burnt the flame, and the full furnace 

glows : 
To this dark region from the bright abode 
With fpced impetuous flew the fiery God, 
Th' alternate blows the brawny brethren deal. 
Thick burft the fparkles from the tortur'd ftccL 
Huge ftrokcs rough St tropes and Brontes gave, 
A' d flrong Pyracmon (hook the gloomy cave. 

Swift as the word (his orders to purfuc) 
To the blark labours of the forge they flew, 
Vaft heaps of fteel in the deep furnace roU'd, 
And bubbling ftreams of brafs, and floods of 

melted gold. 
The bretliren firft a glorious (hielc^ prepare. 
Capacious of the whole rutulian war : 



Some orb in orb the biasing buckler frame. 
Some with huge bellows rouse the roaring 

flame: 
Some in the ftream the hifling metals drownM, -\ 
From vault to vault the thund'ring ftrokes / 

rebound, f 

And the deep caves rebellow to the found. \ 
£xad in thneeach ponderous hammer plays, p 
In time their arms the giant brethren raife, > 
And turn the glowing mats a thoufand ways. J 

Pitt. 

HanuTj in his Qiyfjeyy book 9. hath given ui 
a large account of the Cyclops : of the monfter 
Polypbime^ he lays', 

A form enormous I far unlike the race 
Of human birth, in feature or in face ; 
As fome lone mountains monftrous growth he 

flood, 
Crown'd with rough thickets, and a nodding 

wood. 

Pope. 

So Callimachm compares each one of them to 
mount Ojfa. Hefioi informs us, they were called 
CydapSy Kvx^ATirify from having their om eye in 
their forehead : 

Kt;«Xtfiri( y C90f4,' loawt tvwvfioip anx* ufa of gap 

And Hrgi^ in his 3d £neidj vcr. 635. compares 
thcfe eyes to a ft/teld^ &c. 

1 2 Then— 



6o THEHYMN TO DIANA. 

Enormous work I which Neptune thy commands 70 

Urg'd to performance— wondVous was the toil ! 
• Sight fb deform, dread monfters huge in bulk 
As Ofla's cloud-capt hills (from whofe fierce front 
One blazing eye, broad as a fourfold fhield, 
Horribly ftern, ihot terror) every nymph 75 

Aflonied views ; but breathing diicord harfh 
..When the loud bellows, as the north-winds roar 
Tempeftuous, ccchoed to the deep-fetch'd groan 
Of every Cyclops, laboring to the blow ; 
Reverberating hoarle, with horrid din 80 

From loud refounding anvils, as the weight 
Of ponderous hammers with alternate force 
Defcended thundering on the tortur'd brafs ; 
iEtna re-echoed, tho' Trinacria*s realms, 

The 

Then — Italy: from thence it paffes to Corjica^ and 

Plunge theiharp weapon in his monftrous eye: fliakes the whole ifland to its centre. C/<72/v 

Hiseye^thatmidft his frowning forehead (hone, Jian^ fpeaking of P/ir/^'s ftriking the rocks of 

Like a broad buckler, or the blazing fun. Trinacria with his fceptre, has foniething like 

Pitt, our author, 

Argolici Clypei, aut Phabea lampadU infiar. Saxa Jerit fceptro : ficula tonuere caverna 

Soon after VtrgU call. h,m, ^^^^^^^^ ^ trepidus de/mt fulmina CycUps. 

Monjirun., horrendun,, inform., In.ens ! g^, j„ ^.j^ ^^^ ^laudi^n is grea.ly inferior 

Ver. 84. Mtna^ &c.] It is worth obfcrving, to Callimachus : as he defcends from the greater 

how beautifully the author rifes upon us : JEtna to inferior circumilances, and limits the imagi* 

firft receives the ihock, which extends itfelf nation: for though there is particular beauty in 

Ihrougb all Sicifyy then reaches the fliores of bis Jiupuit fornace reli^o Mulciber^ ^ trepidus 

dejecit 



THE HYMN TO DIANA. 

The noife refponllve rung, loud thundef'd back 
From fair Italia's coafts, till bellowing round 
To Coriica it reach'd, and fhook the ifle. 
No wonder then, feiz'd with uncommon dread 
The nymphs unable to fuftain the jQiock, 
Stood trembling and aghaft : for not in heav*n 
The daughters of the deities behold 
The monfters unappal'd ; but when her child 
Wayward the mother views — the Cyclops (bait, 
Arges or Steropes {he calls : whofe forms 
Befboted Hermes takes ; the frighted babe 



6i 

85 



90 



95 
Its 



dejecit fulmina Cycbps 5 yet here wc are at a 
ftop i all 18 quiet ; we can go no further : 
Whereas, when our author fo nobly encreafes 
upon us, we know not where he will hurry us, 
nor where the wonderful clamour will end j — 
it ecchoes round to Sicily^ to Itafyy to Corjica^ 
and we may even conceive the whole world put 
in agitation by the warmth of the poet's £ancy — 
all earth tojhake to its very center. 

Vcr. 90. For notj &c.] Spanbeim obferves, 
that this is the only example he ever met with of 
the cuftom of mothers frightening their children 
with the name of the Cyclops : Our author tells 
us, that the daughters of the Gods, when re- 
fraftorious, were filenced by calling the Cyclops 
to them ; and becaufe {fays Mad. Dacier) the 
Cyclops had no habitation in heaven. Mer- 
cury appears from a fecret place ^iimtq^ 
i« ^vxAToio, with his face all befmeared and be- 
fcoteJ (<nro)iii MxufMrof «»0ij) to terrify them. 
The name of kiig Richard^ our hiftorians tell 
us, was equally terrible, and ferved to the fame 
purpofe. . It may be fufpecled that this pafTage 
is rather low, and bordering upon the infantine : 
and in truth, confidered merely in its plain fenfe, 
I cannot well reliih it \ what can be the origin, 



or foundation of it, I know not ; nor can pre- 
tend to offer the leaft diflant conje<5lure: all 
the commentators here leave Callimacbus at the 
mercy of the reader ; I muft neceflarity do fo 
too, reminding him, that poffibly under this 
veil fome tbing inftru£ling b hid, more is meant 
than meets the ear \ and in judging of fuch paf- 
faees candor fhould efpecially guide us. See 
Mr. Locke^ book 3. c. 9. Kixipn/^iyps is for 
«cxp«i^(M^« fifWA^fiiuof , objitus V for didatus full giney 
as Hefychius explains it : fo that it is very well 
adapted to the fenfe of the author, and in very 
proper words, which ought to filence all the 
emendations of critics, when in reality there 
wants none of them. The Manducus and Lupus^ 
as is well known, were words ufed to fright 
children with by the antients. See Donatus 
upon Terence*s Lupus in Fabula^ and Theocritus 
IdylL 15. vcr. 40. where the mother, to keep 
her child at home fays, 

OvM, a$tf TO Tvtm* Mopfiar^ Akjkmi imrec. 

Dear chuck, you muft not go, my deardeltght, 
For there are bug- tears, and the borfes bite. 

Crec ch. 



62 THE HYMN TO DIANA. 

Its head hides trembling in its mother*s kp. 

But thou Diana, fcarce three fummers old, 

(What time Latonia bore thee in her arms 

To Lipara's Ifle, that Brontes might bcftow 

The profFer'd natal gifts) he on his knees lOO 

Smiling received thee-— when from his rough breafl 

The hair thou dauntlefs pluckedft : there the fkin 

Produc'd no future harveft, flill defpoil'd, 

As by the wafting Alopecia's power. 

Now too thus undifmay'd, was urg'd thy fuit, 105 

While o'er the cooling brafs the monftcr's gaz'd. 

*' Cyclops, hafte, form me a Cydonian bow, 

*' Shafts, and a founding quiver ; few I claim 

" No lefs than Pheobus, my defcent from Jove. 

And 

Ver. 100. Natal gifts.] Orrupia, natah donum^ Fukcn^s breaft : nxoi|/«; fc j?4»!^» s the word *>Xo>t«« 

which it was the cultom amongft the antients conveys the found : I know not of any to an- 

to give fpeHandi causa- They are fometimes fwer it better than that in the text, 

the fame with aya«a^vwTn§»«, the gifts which were Ver. 104. Alopecia^ P^Kwrt^^ fo the author 

given the bride when (he was unveiled, the third calls that difcafe, which makes the hnir fall off 

day after marriage. Vulcantus, So Nonnus the head. See Pllny^s Natural Hiftory, 1. 28. 

Hf «*r*^ irof .r «^», i^i^ jcafu jcvT^^tfaf,, c. II. There are two rcafons given for this 

To^umiit EpwTof wr«^ orrn^ioF itrj. ' name : the firfl:, quod AXws-uf) fulpes fsmili of 

Thework which W^^^for bright r.;f«|formM P'^^[ "^'^1' '^Z'iV'^i'li'i''' ^T""^ (and that 

A natal prefent for the God of love. mennoned by the fchohaf^) ,s, becaufe where- 

'^ •' ever a fox itales, that place becomes barren. 

BronteSy i. e. Fulcan : and we find from this paf- Frifchlinusy as Spanhe'rn obferves, is miftaken 

fage in our author, that this was a name of when he fays, a^^tttI is by analcgv for A^A'x-fjci* : 

Vulcan, The original of the load vcrfe is very fmce the difeafe is hy Hippocrates called AA*nr^{. 

cxpreffivt of the violent pulling the hair from Libro «rif» C7a6«/y. Sccl. 9. 



cc 



THE HYMN TO DIANA. 

And if perchance fome favage huge and vaft 
" A vidtim to my (hafts hereafter fall, 
*' That vidim fhall be yours : the glorious prey 
*^ Shall glut the Cyclops with a rich repaft." 
She fpoke, 'twas done j commanded, and was arm'd. 

Forthwith th' Arcadian Gods retreat fhe fought : 
Nor fought in vain : for*midft his bellowing dogs 



63 



110 



"5 



Vcr. 114. Shi fpcli,] EwiiTK, 01 y iTi?^ia^«»*. 
mf af y uTrXtff^ao AenfMf, The line before us is 
beautiful and excellent: That famous pafiage 
which Longinus quotes fit>m Mofes bears great 
fimilitude to this, in the celerity of the perfor- 
mance. Let then be light ^ fays Ood, and there 
was light : though, as Mr. Smith obferves, there 
is peculiar beauty in the manner LMginus quotes 
it. «' God faid— What? Let there be h'ght, 
fa^^.— That interrogation between the narrative 
part and the words of the Almighty himfelf, 
carries with it an air of reverence and venera- 
tion. It feems defighed to awaken the reader, 
and raife his avirful attention to the voice of the 
great Creator." There is a paffage of almoft 
equal excellence in the Pfalm — " for he fpake^ 
and it was done ; he commanded, and it fiood 
faft.^ Callimacbks wants nothing but the gran- 
deur of the fubjed to render his p^fTage as truly 
fublime. However, it is a ftriking inftance of our 
author's diftinguifliing excellence and charac- 
tcriftic concifenefs. Elegans ^ praclarus ^/w- 
nino hic-verfusy quo uno^ imperata a Diana Cy^ 
clopibus Tela : eadem ab us continm fabrefaSia : 
iifque induita jam dea imurtur, Cujus plane in^ 
Jignis velocitatesy feu tarn multapaucis adeo verbis 
€07nple6fentis hie poet a nojlri locus ^ meruijfit uti^ 
que at a LonginOj aliifque fublimis maxime di^i* 
onis magijlris non fuijfet f r titer mijjus. So Span* 
helm. 

Vcr. 116. For'midjl^ &c,] The following 
lines from Gratius, will caft fome light on this 
aukward employment of the God Pan : 



Ergo uhi plena fuo rediit viEloria pne 
In partem prada veniat comes ^ & fua nor it 
J^ramia : Jic operijment injervije benigno, 

L. i, ver. 246. 

And thefe again from GrotiuSj will illuftrate 
our author here too. 

Hie et femiferenMtboum de fanguine prolem 
Finxit. ffon alio major (fub) pe^ore virtus : 
Seu nor it voces ^ feu nudi ad pignora mart is. 
Thoes commijfos (clarijjimafama) leones 
Et fubire ajiuy ^ parvis domuere laceftis. 
Nam genus exiguumy et pudeat quam informe 

fateri 
Vulpindfpecie^ tamen htu exaSia voluntas. 

L. f. ver. 253. 
We (hall very little doubt of the fpirit and 
fiercenefs of thcfe little beafts, who daily fee fuch 
inftances of it : Sir. R. Blacimor^s Fujiiany may 
be almoft excufed, when fpeaking of them, he 
fays, 

Rais'd to the clouds the fprawling mafiiiFs fly. 
And add new monilers to the frighted flcy : 
Some ftretch'd out in the field lie dead ; and 

fome 
Dragging their entrails on, run howling home. 

What I tranflate Spartan dogs, are called in 
the author Kvwn^\l»u which die fcholrafV tells 
us, were fo called from a place of the fame 
name, Cynofuris in Laconia \ they were half 
dog, half fox. The excellence of the Spartan 
dogs is fpoken of by all the cbffics : many paf- 

fages 



64 THE HYMN TO DIANA. 

A lynx's flefh dividing, him {he found : 

Pleas'd from the pack, or ere the boon fhe aflcs 

Seleding, he prefents two hounds half white. 

Three hung with ears that fweep the morning dew, i ao 

And one with various fpots diverfify'd : 

All ftaunch the rous'd up lion fierce to feiie 

Blood-happy ; and indignant to the ftall 

The growling monarch drag ; ieven more he gave 

Of Spartan breed (all fleeter than, the wind :) 125 

To fcent the flying fawn, the fleeplefs hare, 

The branching flag, the fretful porcupine. 

Or trace the footfteps of the bounding roe. 

And 

&gc8 from which may be found in the ift chap- From this notion arofe the proverb of Upus dor- 
tcr of tht 2^ ^ook of MeurJ!us*s MifceUanea La- miens, which, according to Era/musy may be 
conicay where he treats of the tpartan dogs, very applied to rfiofe who pretend to one thing at the 
fully J and to which the reader, defirous of in- fame time that they do another : quadrat in euntj 
formation on thefe fubje£fs^ is referred. qui quod nonfocity idfacereft ajjimulat : aut quod 
Ver. 125. The JleepJefs hare.l^Ovfw<ara,>Myuv facit id fi facile dijjimulat. He iiddsy neque per^ 
is the griginal : where the author alludes to the peram^ opinor^ dicetur et in timidos : and indeed 
common notion, that hares fleep with their eyes this feems to me the bed and moft natural mean- 
open : Oculis patentibus dormiunt leporeSy fays "ig of the proverb ; taken in which fenfe I know 
Pliny : and (as Frifchlinus obferves) £lian tells none fo good an explanation of it, as the inimi- 
\\\s *' it is natural to this animal to fleep with tdhXt Shakefpear^s Qh^xz^tx of Faljlaff\i\ the ()th. 
its eyes open :" whence by Nicandcr it is called and loth fcenes of the lafl aft of the firfl part of 
ii^Kivr^ (quaji apertis oculis dormiens.) And king Henry IV. If I remember right, Cham^ 
Ofpian in h'lS Cynegeiics 2itirihutts AyfVT,ua9, infom- ^^''^j *» his diftionary, informs us, that." ilie 
nia/n to them. eye of an hare is too big and round for the lid . 

to cover it, even when afleep, fo that the crea- 

ApT«f tfiyXuM* x«p»«w rfoiwTHcw oTrtJvat., ture fleeps as it were on the watch :'* and he 

K»A» mr/^isnn »i«o(v6^io« >" adds, ** there is a difeafe called lagopihalmia^ 

which arifes from a contraction of the upper 

and ?gaia he fays, eye-lid, which prevent its being able to cover 

' % ^ its part of the eye : fo that the patient is obliged 

— — ««-9Tf O'tfp d^ ^^ ^^.^p ^j^l^ ^j^^ ^yg ^^j.£ open, after the man. 

T»»w !«• ^,>if«c«*^»» a«-«^f. f«iTif •Mw ^^ Qf h^y^^» See hb Didionary. 



THE HYMN TO DIANA. 65 

And now equipt to high Parrhafia's mount 
The Goddefs leads : where, wond'rous fight ! behold 130 

Proud o'er the fummit five tall ftags advance, 
Immenfe as bulls : their beamy antlers (hone 
With gold refiilgent : rich Anaurus banks 
Ere fed the lordly beafts : fight fo augufl; 
With pleafing admiration, as fhe view'd, 135 

Raptured the Goddels cries : " A prey like this 
Well merits our acceptance, wcU deferves j 

f Diana's firft gift-offering to be made." 'i 

Light o'er the unbending turf the Goddefs fli^s, 
Five was the fum: and four fhe quickly caught 140 

To whirl her flying charriot j but the fifth, 

A future 

Ver. 13a. Thirrif4nnf antlers, &e.] Homed but It by no means follows from dience, that 

animals were confecrated to the moonj we find they were all of them to be employed at onc^ 

, as well as At/uH, See Hymn to JpoUo^ ven 85. I the rather take notice of this, becaufe all .the 

Vcr. 135. IVitb pleafing admration^'l £r«ff( old remains, we meet with, xeptknt Diana^ 

is properly tranflated by mirata es^ •^itacm^, ob^ drawn by a pair only ; and the stuthors who 

fiupuijii\ immifijit\ in the£tf/iJi tranilation is ab- mention either the chariot of Diana^ or any 

furd : 'the text once was tmmf$^ ; the ohftupuit wfu other deity, feldom mention any more dian two 

Mneasj kjlupit-^^ttutufue haret defixus in une, beaib or whatever elfe were employed. Cervi 

of Firgil explain the fcnfe of the author. currum fubiere jugalesj fays Claudian : Cybele is 

Vcr. 141. To wbirlber flying cbariot.'] When ever feen and fpoken of as drawn by two lions; 

Spanheim imagined that Callimacbus differed Venus^ junSfis ohribus : Ceres by two ferpents, 

from the anticnt remains, which we have of Bacchus by two tygers, or fome beafts of that 

JD/tf/jtf in her chariot drawn by fhgs, he did not kind. *^ Spanheim obferves, that flags were 

confider the original with his ufual excellent facred to Diana, not only for their fwiftnefs 

accuracy : for the author no where fays, that her but alfo for their longevity : and dience were 

chariot was drawn by four flags ; but that fhe efleemed a fymbol of .eternity, which the an- 

caught four — ir« Oomvai^m ^g«v^ — to whirl her tients rcprefented as well by themMflt z$thic/un.*\ 

Jytng chaciot j — ** that they might do it." See Hymn to Jfoffe, note 59, 

f Stt MnmtfaucM, vol 1. p. ^. 
K 



66 



THE HYMl^ TO DIANA. 



A future labour for AlcmenaVfon 

By Jieaven's dread emprefs deftin'd^ fords the flood 

Of rapid Celadon : and, breathlefs half^ 



Securely 



J42. A future labour.'] The original i»^ 

which they tranflate, Certamin Hirculi uUimufH 
^f^Jfit, — N$H ultimum tanun^ ut hoc loco, htter 
iuodedm HercuHs certamna cerva hac X^aju^*^ 
ah to domita^ fid tertium ramfetur ab Euripidt, 
fays Spanheim: and fo Gravius — Non ultimum 
fuiffi certamen Hirculisj fid tirtium JpoUodorus 
tradit : itaqui Ugindum tirigop* /. #• f^fl^ p9fter9 
t^pore. But both thefe learned men, byfome 
inadvertency, mtftook the fenfe of the avdiocp 
and were mifled by the error of the tranflator. 
For Callimacbus never intended to lay that this 
was the ulttfhum^ the laft tsbour of HircuUs : 
«r»TOf in the author muft be taken adverbially, 
for ffbftnnmmy poflmodumy, which figmfication it 
very frequently bears ; and fn which the autbox 
plainly ufes it, Hymn to Dilot^ ver. lyi, 

Tr»Toif» 

i. i. commuHi quaddam nobis Vitiut helium poft- 
medum ; and again in the fr^^ments colleAed by 
Dr. Bintley, 

JU I' §fau^ IbvMR, « armM •octMaSttH c. n 

Vtinam morenrisj autnunc pottvemumfaliareK 

So that the sudior is no ways difconfonant with 
ibt reft who mention thefe labours, and there 
» no need of alteration^ fince he in plain wonis 
fays no more, ^^ than that Juno, preferv'd this 
ftag to become henafter one of die labours of 
BireuUi,^ 

Ver. 14.3- Ftrii tii food.'} fm^ woraimo 
f«yii^»i>— fo the author. The prepofition wtf 
does not fignify here ad but ubrA, as Spendmm 
obferves, though it has been taken in the for- 
mer fenfe by the editors of thu author, and 
Vukanim tranflates it, 

— ^«^ JunotiU ope ad Cekdonta refugit. 



but the true meaning is what is exprefled in the 

tranflation. This kind of animal is remarkable 
for taking the waoer, when preft, as wall as for 
its own pleafure ; of which various authors, 
fpeak : Thomfon^ in his beautiful feafons defcrib* 
ing the ftag chace, teOs u), 

Oft in the full defending flood he tries 

To loie Ae fctnt, aad lave his burning fides : 

And Sir John Denham^ after defcribing- the 
chace, (^r.-'^dds, 

Thfdi to the ftrcam^ when neidier friends, nor 

force. 
Nor fpeed, nor art avails, be fhapes his courfe : 
Thinks not dieir rage fo-de4)eraceto cflay 
An element more mercileis than they : 
But fearlefs they 4>urfue, nor can the flood 
Quench their dii**; ihirfj % alas, they thirft for 

blood ! 

Tt> him Vaniere^ in his Pradhm Ruj/Kcum^ leems 
to have been indebted, when fpoJLing of the 
fame thing. 

In celerl cum nulla fuper fiducia eurfu ; 
Ntdlafugay Jpes nulla dolt : qua jola fithih 
Occunt via^ praeiphemfe eervus in alhtm 
Flumm agit : prono nantem rapit aheue amm^ 

In another part of the &me charming work, he 
mentions this remarkable particular of the ftags^ 

Nee tua freecinges duUis vivaria fympbis : 
Scilieet oppofitus eervos remorabitur amnisy 
Horrida^ qui timidum quanquam pecus, eequora 

tranqnt : 
Lata petant Cypriis ut trans mare pafcua terriu 
Alter in alterims tergo capita alt» nponunt : 
Altemantqui viciSy & qui prior agmen agebat 
Poftremus fubtty ^ dorfo fulcitur amico, 
ifon oculis terramy note fed odore fequuntur $ 
Ardua pro levibus coehjiant comua telisj 
Remorumqui hcopedibus vadafalfa propulfantm 



THE HYMN TO DIANA. 67 

Securely pants on Cerynea's brow. 145 

Girt with thy golden zone, with arms of gold 

Richly caparifon d, I fee thee mount, 

IVthenia^ virgin queen (from wbofe dread arm 

Defliuaion lightened on earth's giant fons) 

I fee thee mount thy chariot, flaflnng gold z 136 

While the ftags proudly champ the golden bit. 

But whither bore thee firft thy rapid wheels ? 
To Thracian Haemus : whence the north-winds blafts 
Thro' loop'd and window'd raggednefs infeft 
The houfelefs habitants : — ^but whence the torch 155 

Light-fliedding didft thou hew ? Whence (hot the flame 

That 

Vcr. 146. Gifldetij &c.] The drcfs and omt- have gone to Tbracidn Hmmti^ but why to this 

xnents, Vc. of Diana we find were golden alfo, mountain rather than any other ? " Either, faya 

as well as thofe of ApoUo. See Hymn to ApoUo^ ^Spanheimy bccaufe it was a very commodioua 

note ^2. place for hunting ; or becaufe this deity, under 

Ver. 153. ff^ince thi north-winds, &c.] The various names, wa* peculiarly worfhipped in 

original is xhraa* 

* , Ver. 155. But whenathe torch ^ ice] Having 
— E)8., Bofio. Mara^i ^^ equipped the Goddcft with all her attributes ' 
ZfX^^U mx^nmhamia u^fim wftfm. confidered as a huntrefs, or Diana Ayi^nt^a, hav- 
The latter part of which they tranflate — nudii ing given us an account of the origin of her bow^ 
hominibus gravifrigwro hfffianSj which, befide her dogs, her attendants, her bcafts that draw 
the mifunderftanding of the word m^imfi^ is her chariot, and the like : he next proceeds to a 
not Latin \ and therefore, at Dr. 71 Binthy^ in very particular attribute of hers (confidered as 
his edition, corre6led the cme, he ought to have Diana Luciftra) whi^h is the f^rr^ wherewith 
correAed the other elror ; which he has not : we always find her, in that charadler, repre- 
tranflating it— Mwfoj hamtut frigwi infejians — Tented ; and of which we fpoke vcr. 15 of this 
although he knew m^yQ^immtci^ was the fame as hymn. Whence fee firft -procured tliis lorch 
hia^(fmm^Bf%% vi/r, attrito^ l$m ^m£iu indutis : fih (from which (he had the name Aol^x^;, or t rch- 
nonfatis crajfo^ ac proinde^ fays he, 4trcind9 frl- bearer, and for which fee petitions Ju iter m the 
gort Thraeia onmini ta^aru -^Thzt this is the place above- mentioned) is the fubjcA of the fol- 
ttue fenfe of the word, Spanbeim fufficiently lowing lines ; and taken in that fenfc, the mean- 
proves. — In the foregoing lines Diana is faid to ing, otherwife very obfcure, is extremely plain. 

K 2 The 



68 THE HYMN to DIANA. 

That gave the kindling touch? Olympus mount 
The firft fiipplied ? the unextinguifli'd blaze 
Of Jove's blue lightning, flafliing gave the laft» 

Goddess, how oft you bent the filver bow 
Sportful exploring ? From the twanging cord 
The firft fhaft quivers in an elm's tough hidcr 
An oak receives the iecond : and the third 
A panting favage in the wounded heart 



1 60 



Feel* 



The paflage (hould be read with two ititeroga- 

tions. 
#. 
Xht y irafui wtvmnf I 

the anfwer to which is in the next line^, 

Aro it f Xoyof n^»o wam ; 
the anfwer to which ia again id the line following*. 

It. i3 obfervable, dis^t thif tprcb^ or. whatever 
name you pleafe to give it, was, according tx> 
Qur author taken from the pw-tris^ whofe 
pitchy fubftancc renders it moft proper for this 
ufe. 

Vcr. 15?. Thi, utuxt!nguijb*d Uazi,]* Since 
X^iana, in this charafter ol Lucif$ra muft be 
cpnfidcred as the moon^ it feems highly probable 
that the author in this paflage alludes to her 
(hining with borrowed luftre : and.it will 'be ftill 
more probable, if we rpcolled, that 'Jupiter^ 
ipay be underftood taken for the fun^ the [dar 
fire^ or orb of Jhe futty as Apollo ioT the, fplar 
light ; whenc^^ "Jupiter is called Ammony as was 
Qbfcrvcd, Hymn to Jupiter ^ note 75. The 
word oafitfH^ unextinguijhedy may very properly 
be applied to thejfV»,.who is iiievcrjike. the 



moon, ixtihiuijhed. but always (hihca with' a 
fuU orb, Spanbiim hints, that it is very prohar 
ble the author's fpeaking of f^iisflanu difanding. 
from Jupiter to light Diana's torch, might pro*, 
cerd from ibme knov^dge Callimacbus had of« 
the fire fent down byTrod from heaven to con- 
fume Aaron* s burnt-ofFering, Leviticus ix. 24, 
'< And there came a fire out from the Lord, 
and confumed the altar with the burnt ofFering, 
and.the fat y which when all the people faw, 
they ihouted and fell on their fitce.'' But I^ 
think, it feems^ plain, there is veiy little fmiili- 
tude in any one circumftance (nay not in tha. 
very adion of fending down fire) between this 
of our author and that of the fcripture, and . 
therefore (to ufe \oxi. Bacon's yords) Nos omnem 
in hoc genere liantiam nobis ipft's inter dlcamus^ no - 
forte igne extraneo ad alt are Domini utamur. , 
The reafon given above very well and fully ex- 
plains the matter, fo that we have no occafion • 
to feek further* The epithet filver given to. 
Diana's bow, ver. 160. may be applied to the • 
moon, no leiis than ^«A/ to her. other. accoutre- 
ments. Her rays, *. /. her ^oware of Vifiher- 
appearance : Frijchlinus fays, Habitum ^ cmr- . 
rum Diana, deferibit^ ut majeftatem ^ divinam * 
ejus potentiam adumbretj qua nm- impertinentur 
de aurco lumt colore, & velocitati curfus intelligi 
pojjunt*' Thus both g<dd and fiher are, we 
fee, affigned to the moon. •• 



THE HYMN TO DIANA. 

Feds trembling ! To far nobler game the fourth 

Than trees or favages, direds its way r 

I fee it fly — dread hifling thro' the air, 

Wing'd with deftni6tion to thofe impious ftates,. 

Where hoipitable virtue dies contemn'd,. 

And juftice lives a name ! How wretched they 

Whofe crimes incur thy vengeance B Flocks and herds 

Of rot and peftilence wide-wafting die r 

Hail kvels all their labours, herb,, fruit, gr^ r 

Their blooming ofBtpring gray-hair*d~fircs lament t 



69 

165 



17a 



The 



Vcr. lyoi Wretched they^ &c,] Thcfc lines 
of our author, where he denounces curies 
and bleffings on the unrighteous and righteous 
ftates are moil remarkably excellent: every 
word is expref&ve through the whole : the curfes 
the moft fevere, the bleffingsthe moftclevated. 
Peftilence, war, fiamine and defolatton, are op- 
pofed to plenty, riches, health, long-life and 
peace : but there is one thing- which above 
all, adds to their beauty, and that is, the 
great agree^ment ahd fimilitute we find in. 
them to feveral of the fineft paflages in fcrip** 
ture : every one of which it would be too te- 
dious and unnecef&ry for me to point out. I 
ihall therefore only give you fome of the moft 
Ariking that occur to. me, and whoever wilt 
give himfeif the trouUe to fearch for more will 
find his laboiK well imployedw So for the firft 
part, in the Pfalmj we find, *< He deftroyed 
their vines with haU-ftones : he fmote their cattle 
alfo with haiUftones : be gave up their cattle 
alfo to the hail and their flocks -te hot thun-^ 
derbolts : he gave their life over to th^ pefti-^ 
Icnce.'* Or according to the Hebrew^ ♦* their 
beafts to the murrain \*^PJ. Ixxviii, Again \nDiu* 
teronomyj <* The Lord '0iall make the peftilence 



cleave to thee, until he have confiimed thee ofF 
the land, whether thou goeft to poflTefs it .** 
xxviii. 21. See this whole. chapter, where are 
recorded the bleffings for obedience, and the 
curfes for difobedience. 

Vcr. 174. Ibeir bhomingy &c.] In the ori- 
ginal «fi$wT«i hhytfwT^^ tf^ viorif^-'that is (are tiot 
killed, trucidantur) but UnJentur^ are Jhxxvedfor 
tbeffty becaufe it was the cuftom to fliave the 
beard upon the death of > friends, as a token of 
grief: fo Ovidy 

Non mibi te licuit lacbrymis perfimdere juflisy^ 
In tua nee tontaLsferrefepuUra comas. 

And again Statins^ 

Jt.geniter^ fceptrique deitu cvbufyue tonantis 
Jnjiclt ipfe regis : tergeque l^pe^ere fufam 
Cx&riemferro minuit. 1 

A misfortune feveref than this catuiot forebe- 
fal mortals, an evil fo contrary to the courfe of 
nature, as old Cate^ fpeaking of the death of 
his fon, tenderly obferves — Cujus a me corpus 
crematum efty qued contra decuit ah illo nuum^ 
FrifcbUnuSj upon the paflage in our author, 
tells us, BeUicas clades Jigno denunclat: ftcnv 

crajjke 



70 THE HYMN TO DIANA. 

The wretched women or in child-beds pangs 
Midft poigiuint tortures periih ; or refign 
Far from their native climes th' unwelcome birth, 
But bom to periih, and brought forth to die. 
But whom thy geniial fmiles proteding view, 



^7S 



« Oh 



CraJ/hs Cyro rej^ftdky in fact farmtis i litifisjm 
belk liberos a parentibus fepiUru I mm rather 
apt to imagine the author meant not to denote 
the calamities of a war, as this misfortune then, 
though great, is not wholly unexpeScd, where- 
as he introduces it as the immediate cffeA of 
i^fentment ; and fuch calamities unexpeAed ap- 
pear much more dreadful* The paflages I fliall 
go on to bring you from fcripture will beft ex- ^ 
plain jny meaning. In Exodus^ it is faid, '« The 
Lord fmote all the iirft- born in- jEgypt:** and 
*< There was a great cry in Mgypt^ for there 
was not a hoafe where there was not one dead/' 
Exod, xii. 29, 30. And J^b fpeai^ing of the 
• wicked man fays, << l£ his ciuldren be multiplied 
It is for the fword*: and thofe that remain of 
him fhall be buried in death." xxvii. 14, 15. 
^< Epbraim fbali bring forth his children to the 
murderer," fays the prophet /Aj/Sfi? ly, 13. See 
too ver. 16. 

Ver. 175, Thi tuTiUbed W9rfiin.'\ Barrenneft, 
we find from many paflages in fcripture was 
looked upon as the greateft misfortuae : hence 
we find it denounced as a curfe*— Give them, 
O Lord — what wilt thou give ? (where the 
piophet feems to recoiled fomething of the 
moft fevere nature) by that iblemn queftion 
and awfiil paufe — give thern; he proceeds — a 
mi/carrying wtmib and dry breafity Hof. ix. 14. 
hut in Cattimacbus fomething more mifcrable 
y«t.is threatnrd. The women with their 
births were to be deftroyed, to die amidft their 
pangs, or if they did bring forth, they were to 
to bring forth a xace quickly topcrifli in for^gn 
countries. Our Saviour pities the womeA, that at 
his comii^ fliould be with child. ^^ Woe to theni 
that are with child, and to them that give fuck in 
Aofc days*",A&f/. xxiv. 19. And in DeuUrortcmy 
wviii. quoted above, we find a moft elegant 



and pathetic paSage, where fpeaking of the 
miferies of a fiege, it is faid, <* The tender and 
delicate woman amone you, who would not 
adventure to fet the fcle of her foot upon the 
ground for delicatenefs and tendernels, her eye 
ihall be evil towards her young one that cometh 
out from between her legs, and towaid her 
children wdtkh Ibe (hall bear : for Ihe Audi eat 
them for want of all things fecretly in the fieg^ 
and ftraitnefe wherewith thine enemy Ihall di- 
ftrefs thee in thy gates—." And this we find 
to have really happened in that moft (hocking 
fiege of Jerufalem^ of which the J/toi^hiftorian 
gives us fo terrible an account 

Ver, 179. Butwheniy icc.] We come now 
to a more pleafuig view : to a fight of the hlef- 
fings which crown the virtuous after we have 
feen the terrible ills that await the wicked and 
impious. The laSih Pfalm begins moft beau* 
tifujly thus — <^ Blefted are all they that fear the 
Lordg and walk in his ways. For thou ftiait 
eat the labour of thine hands : O well is tbee^ 
and happy fialt then bt : (for ufing which in my 
tranflatiOA, I hope, there needs no apology) 
Thy wife ihall be as the fruitful vine upon the 
walls of thy houfc, thy children like oUve- 
braoches round about thy table, l^c. — again-— 
<< l^hat our .garners may be fiill and plenteous, 
diat our (heep may bring forth thoufands and 
ten thoufands in our ftreet : AiaC our oxen may 
he ftrong to labour, that there be no decay, no 
leading ioto captivity, and no oompfauning in 
our ftretCs.---Happy are the people that are in 
Cuch a cafc^ yea^ blefled are the people who 
havf the Lord for their God." PfaL cxiiv. ai 
fat. And agaii) — ** Thou crowneft the year with 
^y fpoitAj, and the chudt drop fatnefr*: they 
ihall drop upon the dwellings of the wijderneis, 
and the little hills ihall rejoice on every fide. 
♦ The 



T H E H y M N T O D I A N A. 7* 

*< Oh well are they — ^and happy fliftll they be !'* J$<f 

Diftingui{h'd plenty crowns the laughing fields,^ 

The cattle bring forth thoufands : hand in hand 

Fair peace and plenteoufhe/s around them rove : 

Nor death approaches there, till ripe with age 

Gradual they drop contented to the grave : 185 

Difcord, that oft embittering &cial joys 

Amidfl the wifeft comes, comes never there t 

Union and harmony triumphant reign,. 

And every houfe is concord, peac&and love !: 

Grant Goddefs, ^ant my faithful friends may prove 190/ 
Of that bleft number: Oh ailign thy bard,. - 
Amidft that number pkce f So fhall my foul^. 
The future hymn chaunt rapturM— theme divine,, 
Sacred to fair Latona, and her race. 

AdollO' 

The folds (ball be (b full cftbctp^ the rallies x. 27: The condufion is like that in the 

ftaH ftand fo thick with corn, that they fiiall P/tfiW;— -<< Peace be widiin thy walls, and' 

laaghandfing."/^/.lxv. 11. Andin Piuterpnamf*. plenteoufiieis widiin thy dwellings/' Pfal. cxxiL 

^ Blelled ihall be the fruit of thy ground, the 7. I havp forborn fwelling my notes with 

fruit of thy cattle, the increafe of thy kine, and paflages from andent authors, becaufe we (hafl 

the flocks of thy Iheep/' chap, xxviii. See certainly iiod none equal to thefe from the fcrip- 

Hymn to Jpoih note 74. and 6o. ture, and becaufe the reader,: if he thinks prtf- 

Ver. 184. ATi^i/M/i^, &c.]' Long life is every per, may find many already ^thered to his 

where in fcripture promifed as the reward of hands by the very learned Spanbiim* 
obedience."— «^ Thou (halt come to thy grave Ver. 190. Grants &c.] CaXmacbus.dlwsLyt 

in a full aee, as a (hock of com cometh in its {hews the excellence and generofity of his fen- 

feafon/' jii V. 26* and in Protfirbs^ we find.— timents, by lecommending his friends to titc 

" The fear of the Lord prolong^th days^* but regard and protection of his deities. See Hvmk 

Ifaeyearsofthcwickcd ihall be ihortned;'^ chap, to Ji^i/^r^ ver. 109. 



7* THE HYMN TO PI AN A. 

Apollo and Diana ;— ^cred chief 
To thee chad queen, and thy immortal deeds : 
Thy every attribute fhall there be fung, 
Thy dogs, thy bow, thy quiver and the car 
That whirls thee brightly gleaming thro' the fky, 
When to Jove's court repairing: thy approach 
At heaven's eternal portab Phoebus waits 



'95 



200 



With 



Vcr. 199. That J &c.] Here Diana appears 
in a new chara£ter : entring the celefttal regions 
in all her pomp and glory : we fee the fuperior 
dignity and eminence of the Goddefii : all the 
deities rife to her^ 

nThe heavenly guefts 
All graceful rife — and by JpoUo's fide 
Her feat flie takes fweet-fmiling~— 

The word ^mmt in the original, w^ich I have 
Tend red by brightly gUaming^ refers to her as 
the moon, and confequently juftifies that tranf- 
iation : and in that charaAer Mfcbylus calls 
Diana Ktwrof ofiiV^' ^^' 9^ rf ^^^ ^^S^^ * ^^^ 
*< Phofnutus (fays Spanbiim) tells us Diana wm 
called Diaynna (fee ver. 270.) by the Graks 
li»r» htmStxifitiiKKw T«f mnrvmK, from darting 
forth rays.** 

Ver. 200. Thy 4ipproacby &c.] JpoHo and 
Mtrcury are faid to meet Diana at her entrance 
into heaven, becaufe they both were worfhipped 
By the Greeks at the entrance, or in the courts 
before houies ; .and there called wfotrvx^ioi. So 
the fcholia on Arijlophanei^ ^ hx» Ej^f*v tJgworV 
m^ rm 9v$a;r. << Becaufe he was the God of 
jihicves, and dicrefore wai fet before the doors 
to guard the houfes.^* So' in the EleSfra of So- 
thcclei ♦oi^i, wforanf^h •« 'fo rm Pofm i)|^«i, and, 
*«. in Macrobiusy it is faid, apud Graces Apollo ci- 
Jltur qui evg«»o« vacatur : ejufque aras ante fores 
fuas celebrant y ipfum exitus 6f introitus demon* 
Jirantis potentem. Idem Apollo apud illos et a^^puv^ 

3 



nuncttpatur ; quafi viis pretpofttus urbanis : ilR 
enim vias^ quee intra pomaria funt Ayv*«c appil* 
lant. Befides, anoth' r reaion may be given for 
Mercury meeting Diana, or Luna oriensy becaufe 
that confiellationy like the moon, rifes at the 
evening, and fets in the morning. So that 
thus a two- fold reafon may be found for thefe 
twoy radier than any other, meeting Diana : the 
one, from the religion of the Hiatbensy the 
other phyficJ, or from aftronomy. Spanheinim 
Thefe obfervations of Spanhetm confirm the 
general tenour of the remarks, that thefe fables 
in the Heathen Mythology have a conftant refer- 
ence to natural things : Apolloy or the Swt 
was, without all doubt, woHhipped as Ov^autc^ 
placed before their doors, CfTf . to (hew him, as 
Macrobius exprefles it, potentem exitus & in- 
troitus ; and in reference to the works of the 
material light it is faid in the Pfalmsy — *< Thou 
makeft the outgoings of the morning and evening 
to rejoice." Pfai Ixv. 8, Upon this view, all 
the mythology and every name relative to this 
fubjed may be fully underfiood. I'he nan^ 
■«MMr«0-io« given to Hermes feems defigned to ob- 
viate the difgrace commonly thrown on him as 
the God of thieves,&c. for we arc told, it comes 
from words implying his doing no evily • ^aitm 
KOMH vafcintof U9, fays the fcholiaft : a good epi- 
thet of the planet Mercury, For my own part, 
I don't fee how ««a«viH can come from mkomc* 
I Ihould rather imagine if came from mni ic juuu. 
(i«««] inar^t adurit.) which would give an apt 
meaning to th^ word, as applied to the planet* 

It 



THE HYMN TO DIANA. 

With Acacefian Hermes : This thy arms 
And that the produce of thy fports to take : 
Such erft Apollo's tafk, or ere at heav'n's 
Bleft banquets gread Alcides found a place, 
Whofe is that duty now : the rich repaft 
With thee approaching, at the gates of heav'n 
He waits unwearied. Him mean time the Gods, 
But chief his envious ftepdame, ceafelefs fcoif 
In'pleafant vein, when from the car he bears 
A bull's vaft weight, or by its hind -leg drags, 



73 



20S 



2lO 



Impatient 



It is no wonder the author {bould place Her^ 
cules in this fituation, as we find him fo much 
renowned for his good (lomach, fo famous for 
his voracioufnefs and excefs as well in eating as 
drinking. Hence he had the name of Addepha- 
gus and Pamphagus, See ver. 226. The drun- 
ken Hircules is a well known remain : and Her- 
'cules his goblet is fcarce lefs famous than him- 
felf. Herculem fSfores veteres nonjine caufa cum 
poculo fecerunt^ Jed et nonnunquam cafahundum et 
ebrium : non folum quod is heros bibax fuiffe per- 
hibetur : fed etiam quod antiqua hifioria eji^ 
Herculem poculo tanquam havigio ventis immenfa 
maria tranjijfe. Ego tamen arbitror non poculo 
Herculem maria tranfve£fumfednavigio cui fcypho 
nomen fuit : Ita ut fupra cantharum £5* carchi- 
ftum iff a cymbis derivativa cymbia^ omnia hac 
ajferuimus ejfe navigiorum vocabula, Macrobius 
Saturn. K 5. c. 21. There are, who have look- 
ed upon ^his ftory of Hercules his failing in a 
cup to the delivery of Prometheus or man, as an 
allegory of our Saviour, coming in the flejh — in 
came tanquam fragili vafculo ad redetnptionem 
kumani generis — as lord Bacon expreflVs it. 
There feems a manifeft allufion in the fable : 
our mortal bodies are called earthen vejfels in 
fcripturc. Sec 2 Cor. iv. 7, and in many other 



refpefts Hercules feems darkly to figure out the 
Redeemer. See note 216. 

Ver. 209. Scoff."] See Mr. Pope*s Homer, 
b. 5. V. 517. and note. 

Ver. 211. J bull'sy kc] I have endeavoured 
to give fome expreffion to the paflagc by mak- 
ing the found imitate the fenfc, though not in 
the fame manner with the author, 

— H OTI j(P^n9 

there cannot be a more happy line, nor a word 
fo proper as oiri(rdi^oio» exprcffive entirely of the 
fpurntng of the bealVs leg as Hercules drags it 
along : and the ipondee in the daftyrs place at 
the end .of the verfe, is judicioufly introduced to 
exprefs the toil and labour; which I have rt- 
templed to do in the tr.nflat on, by all monofyl- 
laliles and the hiatus. — The word tff»»t?<7x« in the 
next line, which is rend red al/oquitur, the fcholia 
explain bv2:«^w»§N — jE/c hylus u(es it,— n»w<rxrr' 
ivX^ytntTtfu^trmfMLaif 'where ^»voiuTth explained by 
cvfsri^tTt and ffiMp^en^rrt, intelligentem ac moderatum 
redd:te.*^ So that the proper fenfe of the word 
is moneo^ fapere vel refipere facio — and in the 
author it is ufed in this fenfe ironically — «« He 
advifed you in this crafty and farcaftic manner/* 
L 



74 THEHYMN TO DIANA. 

Impatient fpurning, a wild boar's huge bulk '^ 
Slow up heav'n's fteep — while thee in ctafty.. guife 
Goddefs he thus befpcaks ; " On noxious beafts 
" Employ thy darts : that mortals may bellow 
" Alcides the preferver's name on thee I 



cc 



2IS 



Suffer 



Ver. 214. Hercules^ fpeech.'\ Nothing can be 
more in charstder than the fpeech which Calli- 
macbus hath put into the mouth of HircuUs \ 
how well do the ftrength and ihortnefs of the 
fentences fpeak the bluntnefs and choier of the 
fpeaker P l*he firft line is admirable ; without 
any fort of ceremony, he tells his mind ; and 
very properly touches upon his own merits. But 
the concluding ftroke has fomething in it inimi- 
table ; B«^x' nri KCLh rvf. The fcholiaft makes 
a moft curious remark upon his bidding Diana 
deftroy the larger beads. Aiatv Ai^diyi«r r»- 
y^t» ru9 Zmm xiXivm avntt aypivM ! He wanted 
them to fatiate his hunger ! Alas poor HircuUs--^ 
and miferable heaven ! 

Ver. a 1 6. Alcides the pnferver^ &c.] The 
original is, 

Iv« flhiroM-ft 0oi}Ao» 

which doubtleis, according to Huefitts, (hould 
be read dmroi ^i jSivdov — ut bomtnes te auxiUa* 
tricim^ tanquam iw, invocent, Chryfoftom tells 
us, he was called " AXi|uMtxo« and S«ni9f , not for 
the reafons here hinted at by our poet, nox for 
jridding the earth of deftru<3ive animals and the 
like, but for punifliing and deftroying tyrants 
and wicked men.^' In the ifland of Thafos the 
people looked upon him as ili^xv faviwr : ^^ And 
we are told by Ravelin ((ays Banier) that tliere 
are coins whereon this title is given him* If 
father Tournnnini ihall ever»make good his aiTer- 
tion, that moft of the heroes of antiquity were 
only Pagan copies of the MeJJiab known to all 
nations by a remainder of the traditions which 
they had diftorted, doubtlefs he will not omit 
to make mention of Hercules the faviour, wor- 
ihipped by a people whom Paufanias and He- 



roJafus make to have been originally from Tyn 
in Pbaniciaj a ^untry fo near to that wheie 
the prophets lived, who have faid fo much of 
the Mejfiab. No doubt he will alfo trace the 
refemblance which Seneca finds between them, 
and it muft be owned, that either the tragic poet 
had borrowed the pompous ideas wherewith he 
embellifhes the flory of that hero's death upon 
mount Oeta<i from the accounts delivered at 
Rome under the reign of Tiberius ^ ofthe/ivwirr'> 
death upon mount Cahary^ or, it will not be 
eafy to find out what could fo exalt his imagina- 
tion." See Banters Mythology, vol. 4. b. 3. 
c. 6. the reader is defired particularly to remark 
this paflage ; which will greatly confirm the 
before-mentioned obfervations : we may remem- 
ber that Herctdes was the fon of a Gody begotten 
on a j»^r/^/Mother, ^c. There is fomething very 
peculiar in an expreffion of the author's in the: 
159th line yvia ^w^ quoad membra in deum 
mutatus which I have tranflated. 

His corruptible part immortalized: and which 
feems to borrow light from the paflage quoted 
above, as well as from the following out of 
the Hercules Oetaus of Seneca. 

Hbrcules. 

Non me gementisjlagna cocyti tenent, 196 j 
Non puppis umbras furva tranfutxit meas : 
Jam parce, mtf/^r,quefttbus. Afaneskmti 1965 
TJmbrafque vidi : quidquid in nobis tui 
h/Lortaie fueraty ignis eve&us tulit. 
Paterna copIp pars data eji^ fiammis tua, 196S 
Proinde plan^us pone, quos gnato paret 
Gmitrix inert i : lu£Ius in turpes eat. 1970 
Virtus in C{ftra te^fdity in mortem timor, 
Prafens ab ajiris^ mater^ Alcides cano r 



Pxnas cruentusjam tibi Euryfleus dahit : 
Curru fuperbum ve^a tranpendes caput. 



M€ 



THE HYMN TO DIANA. 

<* Suffer the harmlefs goat, the timid hair 
Secure to range j ought injure they mankind ? 
Poor is the triumph there : the wild boars waftc, 
The wild bulls level all the blooming year : 
Thefe are man's foes : pour all thy .rage on thefe.' 
Thus fpeaking, all indignant he bears ofF 

His burden, labouring : tho' on Phrygia's moimt 

Beneath the facred oak, immortalized 



75 



€< 



€C 



€C 



€€ 



220 



His 



Me jam decet fubire ceeleftun plagam 4 
Inferna vixi rurfus AlciJes loca. 



1975 



I have quoted the whole paflage to let the rea-* 
der fee how fimilar it is to feveral parts of 
fcripture : and firft, ven 1963. " Thou wilt 
not leave my foul in hell," faff, PfaL xvi. 10. 
St, Pr/r/'* explaining this prophecy of Chrift^ 
{j£fs ii, 24.) fays, " Whom God hath raifed 
up having loofed ttie pains of death, becaufe it 
it was not poifiUe that he ihould be holden of it. 
1965. '* Daughters of y^nj/iArm weep not for 
me, fcff." Lvke xxiii. 28. Chrift being dead 
dieth no more^ death hath n9 more dominion over 
him. For in that he died, he died unto fin 
ence^ but in that he liveth, he liveth unto Oody 
Rom. vi. 10. 

1970. Let not your heart be trouUedy &c-*^ 
In my father's houfe, Wr. — I go to prepare a 
place for you, Vc. — See St. John xiv. r, 2, W 
Jrq, what Hercules fays to his mother of her fu 
ture triumph over Euryfteus^ '97^- feems to 
have great reference to what Chrift promifed his 
difciplcs, thofe that believed on him. See Matt. 
xii. 53. concerning their viftory over, and treadr 
ing upon the head of the ferpent^nd all his devices. 
<* In my name they (ball caft out devils ; they 
(hall fpeak with new tongues, they (hall take up 
fcrpcnts, and if they drink any deadly thing it 
fliall not hurt them ; they (hall lay hands on the 
fick, and they (hall recover. So fpeaking he was 
received up into heaven." See St, Mark xvi. 17. 



This was a revenge indeed upon Eurjfibe^ 
usj this was riding triumphantly over his 
proud bead. *97S- " I leave the world, and 
go to the father, John xvi. 28, and / come to 
thee — xvii. ii. Seeyft?ii. 9, 10, ir. 

1976. Through deiath, he might de/lroy him 
that had the power of death. Heb. lu 14. So 
*^ when this corruptible (hall have put on in- 
corruption, and this mortal (hall have put on 
immortality, then (hall be brought to pafs the 
(aying that is written, death is fwallowed up in 
victory — O death, yf." Sec i Cor. xv. 54. He 
will defiroy death for ever. Ifai. xxv. 8. on fuch 
the fecond death bath no power. Rev, xx. 6. Sec 
alfo ver. 14. and to him that overcometh^ faith 
Chrift, will I givci to fit with me on my throne^ 
even as I overcame and fit vjtth my Father in his 
throne, chap. iii. 21 » xxi. 4. 

Ver. 224. Beneath the facred oaky &c.] It 
deferves attention, that our poet (hould fix the 
place of Hercules his immortalizing^ his (hakiiig 
off the human, and aiTumjng ^e divine nature, 
two AfuV, under the oak^ the facred and emble- 
matical tree \ of which the fcriptures make fo 
much mention, and which was doubtlefs 2^ facred 
emUem of the divine covenant entered into by 
the eternal trinity for the redemption of man : 
The word for oak in the Hebrew /\s the fame 
with that which fig;nifies an oath^ H^Ki whence 
comes Aieim ^'*rO^ ^s was before remarked. 
Hymn to JpiMo^ note 97, which fee. Hence 
thar veneration paid to it at firft by true be- 
L 2 lie verb : 



76 THE HYMN TO DIANA. 

His corruptible part, he rofe a God ; . 
Not yet his hunger ceas*d ; infatiate ftill, 
As when in evil hour Dryopia's king 
Theiodamas, he met, and madly flew. 

The nymphs Amnifian from the golden yoke 
Let loofe the panting flags, and careful bring. 
Rich provender from Juno's meadows reap'd, 
Swift-fpringing trefoil : the immortal food 



225 



230 



Of 



lie vers : {Abraham dwelt in or among the oaks 
of Mamre (•JI^K^ J ^"d there too the Lord ap- 
peared to him, Gen. xiii. 8. xviii. i, ISc* and 
hence too that fame veneration paid to it by 
idolaters, who, when they had deferted the true 
worfhip, retained the ftgn^ but forgot the thing 
Jignified, It was peculiarly facred to Jupiter — 
Sacra Jovi quercus^ fays Ovidy and it is no im- 
probable reafon of this tradition, that Hercules 
was tranflated under the facred oak, ** that the 
oath of God was principally to the Son. See PfaL 
ex. 4. that whereby he was upheld and fupport-* 
ed, and that whereby every believer alfo obtains 
firong confolathn. See Heb, vL 18. for wc fupppfe 
Hercules^ in this refpcft, animperfea figure of the 
fecond perfon, as obferved in the foregoing note ; 
and in the hymn to Jpollo^ note 97, this particu- 
lar alfo of the oath made to the Son is remarked. 
The Druids were particular in their high venera- 
tion forthe^tf^, and its excrefcence,^ thei)f/^//0/, 
which, above all other things, gives us the idea 
of the branchy the righteous branchy foretold by 
the prophet Zechar. lii. 8. for Mijfehoe'isz, branch 
only, having no trunk, or body to fupport it ;. 
and it grows peculiarly out of the oak^ as the 
true branch from the eath of God. The 
Druids had their name from the oak hfvu 
and feem to have been of all others the moft 
fure idojaters, retaining the facred emblems in 
the grcateft exaftnefs, and with the leaft mix- 
ture. A modern print by Mr. Hayman will 



give the qurious many agreeable reflexions upon 
this fubjed : it is called the Converjion of the 
Britons to Chrijiianityy and one of thofc which 
were btended to give a general hiftory of Eng* 
land by cuts : whether that gentleman took the 
hint from any old copy, I know not, but it is 
very obferveable, that he introduces the crofs^ 
and its preachers, juft when the Druid has fever- 
ed the Mijfeltoiy the branch from the oak, and 
the reft are preparing to facrifice. 

Ver. 228. Dryopia*siing.] It is reported that 
Herculesy having paft over Dryopia, and being 
preft with extreme hunger, happened to meet 
with kingTbeiodamaSy who wastilling the ground 
with oxen, and begged of him to give him fome- 
thing to fatisfy his hunger : which the king re- 
futing to do,, tierculis enraged immediately flew 
him, fnatched up one of the oxen, and devoured 
it fo varacioufly that he left not fo much as the 
bones. Ami hence he had the name of B«^*/o(». 
as is mentioned in the fortieth epigram of the 
Anthologia, 

Sun ctfiKObVOf fUfo Btffofy^f* 

Frischlinus. 

Ver. 23 T. Rich provender y &c.] This partis 
wholly allegorical, and can with no appearance 
of reafon be otherwife iipplied : Juno^ in the 
Heathen fyftem is the air j her msadews feed not 
only the courfers of the moon, thofe which 
carry and fupport ber^ but alfo Jtpiter's too,. 

fo£ 



THE HYMN TO DIANA. 

Of Jove *8 immortal courfers ; and fupply 
In golden buckets cool refrefliing draughts 
Of heaven's pure water ; to her father's court 
When moves the Goddeis : all the heavenly guefts 
At her approach rife graceful : while her feat 
She takes fweet-liniling by Apollo's fide. 

That hallow'd day when on Inopus' banks 
The Godded leads the choir, when reign her (ports 



77 



235 



240 
At 



far the air is the ftm qua noUy the pabulum, 
food, pillar, fupport, and nourifhment of all 
things. Callimachus fpeaks in this manner, fays 
Spanheinij quod ab^cr is temperie, i^c. " bccaufe 
on the temperature of the air, as the produce 
and fertility of all fruits and feeds, fo alfo of all 
pabulum^ of all food and pafhirage depends." 
From whence Anaxagoras (as Theophrajius in- 
forms us) affirmed, that the air had the feed of 
all things in it, from which, mixed with water, 
he held that all plants arofe. Add to this the 
words of Claudian concerning thefe flags of 
Diana. 



' currumfubiere jugalfSf 
^os dicus ejfi Di4t primi fub lumine casliy 
Rofcida fcecundis concepit Luna cav.rnis, 

and Petrcniusy l^unz innumerabilibui comit eta Ji- 
deribus etiamferas ducit ad pabulum, ^c. See 
Spanheim's note. 

Ver, 236. All the heavenly guijit^ &c.] We 
may have a beautiful idea of this approach of 
Diana into her father's court, when we behold 
the moon a(cending from the hills, and all the 
Hoji of Heaven, all the ftars arifing with her, 
faluting her on her entrance into their courts ; 
while turning to her brother the fun^ her face is 
enlightnedy and conftantly direScd to, and re- 
ceiving light from him, (he walketh along in 
majefly and brigbtnefs through the Jkies. See 
Job xxxi. 26* 

Ver. 239. That hallowed day, &c.] Here the 
poet begins another part of the hymn : ** Having 



thus treated of the majefty and divine authority 
of the celeftial Diana ^ he now proceeds (fays 
Frifchlinus) to thofe feafts and annivcrfary rites, 
which were celebrated to her honour amongft 
all nations : but firft he exhorts his country- 
men and hearers to a religious obfcrvance of her 
worftiip ; advifing them, by fetting before them 
an example in himfelf to reft from their labours, 
and to celebrate lier honour, denouncing punifh^ 
ments on fuch as negledl them." 

Lucefacra requiefcat humus ^ requiefcat orator, 
Et grave fujpenfo vomere cejfet opus. 

TlBULLUS. 

This doubtlefs was the reafon why our pious 
poet would not fufFcr his oxen to work, and 
herein perhaps he may rife up in judgment 
agiinft many a Chriflian, who during that hol- 
lowed fabbath, that divine day of reji, whea 
t})e praifes of their God ar« fung in the great 
Congregation, are far differently employed ; and 
without mercy to themfelves or their beajh, are 
wearied in a bufy toil of pleafure* Our nation 
too loudly witnefTes this truth, and what will 
betheconfequenceof founiverO^l a breach of the 
fabbath, I dare not even hint in this place. That 
great man Sir ff^lllia'm 71fm/^/f hath fully declared 
it, and a much greater than he, hath denounced 
. a certain deftrudlion upon every land, w4iere his 
fabbath is thus profaned ! May we be more 
wiie than to run with our eyes open into iliLh. 
ruin. 



THE HYMN TO DIANA, 

At Pitane or Limna 5 when the groves 

Of Alae Araphenides rejcace 

From Scythian Taurus to receive their queen : 

That day my oxen fliali from labours ceafe ; 

For the' Tymphaean, and of ftouteft breed 245 

To turn the mellow foil, needs mull they drag 

Their limbs o*erlabour*d, weary to the ftall, 

When Sol himfelf ftands (till : and from his car 

Hangs fmiling to behold the lovely choirs, 

Gives time a paufe, 'and lengthens out th'e day. 250 

Say Goddefs ; (for from thee my foul receives 
The heavenly ihfpiradon, which to men 
Lefs favoured it reports — ) fay, what bleft iile, 
What city, mountain, port and nymph obtains 

Thy 

248. Ifl/efi, &c.] « This fays Fr'ifchlinusy And theSunftoodftill, Wf." St»Jafi>Uex. iz. 

is to be underftood of the fun, who, after the How fatisfa£lorily this miracle is explained to us, 

vernal equinox, (for at that time, as appears when we confider that the word for Sui ^^\^ 

from Dionyjiuf, thefe feafts were celebrated at Sbtmefl>y is very different from that ufed for the 

De'os) continues longer above the horizon : body of the Sun, and fignifies only the filar 

whence the days are lengthened, and the further lights by the motion and z&Xoa of which in 

he recedes from the fouth towards Delos^ the irradiation, the planetary orbs are all moved and 

longer they continue to b^ till the folftice." all perform their feveral revolutions — this light 

Thij fcems highly reafonablc, and the paflage in w;.s commanded to be Jilent twIli duniy to 

this vicv/ has al! the graces of poetry : but 1 am ceafe to aH, and to exert no more iti piwer : 

apt to imagine with fome able commentators, which oncc^'ent and ceafing all muft neceflarily 

that we have here an imperfeft tradition of the JiandJliU, and no revelution be performed, till it 

great miracle recorded in Jojlna, and which ihouid again begin to a£t, and to ufe its influ- 

mutt have been well known to the whole world, ence. And this confideration will explain every 

*• Sun, ft and thou ftill [l>e fi/ent, marg.] upon thing of the like fort in the Sacred Scripture. 
Kiiietn, and thou Moon in the valley of Jjaltn, 



THE HYMN TO DIANA. 

Thy love's pre-eminence ? What fairs divine 
Of birth immortal triumph in thy choir ? 

Hail Doliche of ifles, of cities chief 
Hail Perga — ^Hail of mounts Taygetus : 
Of ports Boeotian Euripus ! But how 
To Cretan Britomartis {hall I fpeak 
Thy boundlefs love, unerring huntrefs, fhe ? 
With whole bright beauties fir'd, nine tedious months, 
0*er Greta's mountains royal Minos rov'd, 
B>agmg with wild delire : From whom fhe fled, 



79 
255 



260 



And 



Vcr, 258. Perga.] From this metropolis of 
Pajfiphilia^ where Diana was particularly wor* 
(hipped, and which as our author tells us was 
her moft favoured city, fhe had the name of 
Pirgaia \ many coins are extant with the in- 
fcription of TUfyam^ Afrtiuhi upon them. 

Ver, 263. A//W.] It has been a circumftance 
of all others moft perplexing in the more an- 
tient hiftory, that the actions of different men 
with the fame names, have been all either ap- 
plied to one, or wrongly transferred from one 
to the other. Of this there are numberlefs in- 
ftances ; among which this of Minos is not the 
leaft ftriking ; for there were two princes of that 
name, entirely different in charader, the one a 
wife prince, and a great lawgiver, infomuch 
that he was feigned to have been one of the 
judges of hell : the other, which is the perfon 
meant by our author, a warrior, and an inhuman 
tyrant.- Even Plato and Socrates confound the 
two Minos' Sy afcribing to the firfl what Homer 
fays of the fecond : — *• Meurftus and A&r- 
Jham (fays the ingenious Abbe Banier) and 
feveral others are of opinion that Minos the fe- 
cond, was the lawgiver and judge of hell ; two 
titles which I have taken from him and afSgned 
to his grandfather — " and he goes on— ♦* It is 
no wonder that the antients fell into this miftake 



flnce almofl all of them have confounded the 
two princes I have fpoken of, as alfo their ad- 
ventures. As they knew but one Minosy they 
were obliged to make him judge of hell and le- 
giflator, and the fubjed of the fables of the Mi- 
n«/tfttr.''— Hence came all the inconfiftences m 
the hiftory of Minos^ and thus the deeds of the 
tyrant .were charged upon the pious legiflator : 
hence he was called by Homer OAoo^fAM inju/ius 
rfXy by CatuL'us ; and by Philojiratus faid to 
have exceeded all men in crud^ : things in- 
compatible with a chara^er fo elevated as that 
of the infernal judge, and wife lawgiver — The 
whole matter is elegantly and judiiioufly fet 
right by Banier in the 3d vol. 2d book, and 
8th chapter of his Mythology of the Antients, — 
Virgil in his Ciris mentions this ftory : • 

Nunfuam tarn obnixe fuglms Minois amor a 
Pr^tceps aereis fpecula de montibus ijfes : 
Undi alii fugiffe ferunt : et numina Phoca 
yirginis ajfignant : alii quo notior ejfes 
Di£fynnam dixere tuo de nomine lunam, ver. 3c 5 

See ver. 272. following.— We find Diana very 
frequently called by the name of Di£lynna : ftic 
had a fefiival at Lacademon called Aixrvma as well 
as at Crete. See Meurjius Gracia feriatte lib. 2. 

Brito- 



8o THE HYMN TO DIANA. 

And in receffes fecret mock'd his chace ; 

O'er precipcies rough, o'er rugged rocks 

Nine tedious months he rang'd ; nor ceas*d purfuit, 

Till on a mountain's fummit, ready now 

To feize his prey — ^Shc fprung from off its brow, 

Down to the ocean plunging : Friendly nets 

Of fifhers caught, and fav'd the panting nymph ; 

Hence call'd Didynna : and the mountain hence 

Didaean : where in memory of the deed* 

Due rites Cydonians pay : thy chaplets wove 

With, or tlie pine-tree's, or the maftic's boughs, 



265 



270 



275 
Unhallow'd 



Britomariis is properly fpeaking, no more than 
a common compound fignifylng Virgo dulcis^ 
from Bpri/^, dulciij and ft«prKi virgo j words of 
Cretan extraflion : the latter of which^ as the 
excellent Bochart has obferved, feems derived 
from the Arabick TiK^D, marath — fo that the 
author never means to fay, that Diana was 
called Britomartis from the nymph (as fomc 
have thought) but Di£fynna. See Banier's My- ' 
thology, note 2. book i. chap. 15. 

Ver. 273. Di£taan^ &c.] Callima^hus b ge- 
nerally thought guilty of a miftake in his ac- 
count of thefe mountains ; DiSfe and Di^ynna 
being two, at different parts of the ifland of Crete^ 
from the firft of which the Cydonians are very 
far remote. To clear up the difficulty fome have 
imagined that Ka/^m%i^ Cydonians in the author, 
means all the Cretans in general, becaufe Cydo- 
ma was the metropolis of that ifle. So Cydonia 
Tela are ufcd for Cretan darts. The reading, 
fay they, ftiould be Atxruratoy not A««Taioy. Z)/V- 
tynaus is not Diffteus^ fays Cellarius^ after 
Straho. The mountain Di£fynna was indeed 
&cred to Diana^ but Di^ to Jupiter. 



— Pro qua mercede canores 

Curetum fonitus crepitantiaque aera fecuta 

Didlaeo caeli regem paverefub antro. 

Virgil. 

See Hymn to Jupiter, ver. 5. — Virgil^ on the 
fame fubjedl in his Ciris commits the fame 
miftake, 

Gnoffia neu Partbo contendens fpicula cantu 
Di£laeas ageres ad gramina nota capellas. 

It is plain in both places it fhould be Die- 
tynnaany as well in our author as in Virgil, and 
indeed the analogy, as has been obferved, be- 
tween Lucrvet, the nets, Aixtvv»> and Auerwaw* 
is much more exaS than between Aijpni and 
Aizrtun, Some derive the name of Di^yn^ 
na from the rays which the moon cafts forth, 
or becaufe .her power pervades all things — a 
^jMiv pro P«XXft», jacere vel jacuiare for the 
firft •— and from iuamwion, permearty for the 
latter. 



THE HYMN TO DIANA. 

Unhallow*d myrtle there : The flying nymph 
Its branches caught, and hence incurred her hate. 
Thee too, fair Upis, light-dilpenfing queen, - 
Didynna, from the nymph the Cretans call. 



8i 



Nor 



Ver. 276. Myrtli.] Tliey did not, Ifuppofe, 
fays Madam DacisTy make ufe of the Myrtle in 
tbefe rites, becaufe it was facred to Fenus. 
A good reafon why a profeft virgin fhould dif- 
dain to touch it : and this explanation feems to 
be favoured by the plants which they ufed for 
their chaplets at this feaft. 7'he pine was par- 
ticularly appropriated to the vii^ins, as Spanbiim 
has proved by many quotations : Cbloe in the 
paftorals of Lengus^ is adorned with a pinea 
C9r9na^ as an emblem of virginity, mvtv^ irifa- 
Miro «x«1bk» which Dapbnis takes from her, and 
puts on his own head. So Firgil^ Pronuba nee 
eaftos accendit Pinus edores 5, and in Achilles Ta- 
tiusy the virgins are faidto come forth with their 
heads crowned fwrt^ «o^aK. OwV/, in his fafli, 
calls the pine, pura arbor^ and one of his com- 
mentators remarks : Ad conciliandam caftitatem 
Tbefmopboriazufa hujus foliis cubitus ftbi feme- 
bant, ** The Maftic or Lentijk is properly 
ufed in thefe ceremonies facied to DiHynnOy or 
to Diana the Moon^ m avimjmttrra nm rftfu^, 
as (he encreafes and nourijhes all things \ who, 
according to Catullus^ 

Ruflica agricola bonis 
Te£ia frugibus explet. 

And as was obfervcd in a former note (note i. 
adfinA the moon's power in vegetation is clear 
from fcripture, Horace ca lis her 

Profperam frugum. Od. 6. 1. 4* 

And this tree, the majfic^ is of all others moft 
fruitful. 

Lent i feus trlplci folita eji grandifcere fatu^ 
Terfrugesfundensytria tempora monjfrat arandij 

fays Aratus^ in Cicero's tranflation of him.*' See 
Spanbeim's note. 

Vcr. 278 Upis.^ The fcholiaft obferves here, 
OwK, EvidtTor Afrt^ih^ — either Mrarv •wJjta^tth 
T«cTMeTiv«4 — from her following or attending 



women in child-bed, or from her nurfe fo 
called, or from one of the three Hyperborean 
virgins (mentioned in the next hymn) Upis^ 
Loxo and Hecaerge, From the firft of which j(hc 
took her name, as Apollo thofe of il«{i«f and 
E««ifyof, from the other two." — Virgil mentions 
Opis as one of the Attendants on Diana^ 

Opim 

Unam ex virgimbus fociis 

Cicero in the 3d book of his Nature oftbe Gods^ 
tells us, there was a third Diatia^ whofe father 
was called Upis^ and her mother Glauce^ and that 
Graci fape Upim paterno nomine appellant. All 
hymns to Diana were called Ovviy/o* by the 

TrazenianSjfiuo^ mt AiifiiiTfa InXoc, vq Ownylit wetfx 

Tpoi{W»oK 9i( ApTifUf. Though indeed all hymns 
to her were afterwards fo called, yet it appears 
probable, they iirft had the name L^/ffj'i amongft 
the TrazenianSy where poffibly this Dianoy 
daughter of Upis was born. It is fomething 
very aftoniihing, that the fcholiaft fhould not 
have perceived, that Callimacbus himfelf gives 
us the derivation and import of the word Vpisy 
farther than which, furely we have no occafion 
to feek ! 

where we plainly fee that 0»«-k comes from t4> 
in the genitive a;vk» a face or countenance, and 
as u^ comes from orro/*«i, to fee, the prat, wed, 
of which is anra, therefore Diana has tiie epi- 
thet fata^o^t, bearer and dlfpenfer of Uglyt, ^'o 
that (he was called Vpisy from her beautiful or 
bright (hiding countenance y that fp'endid y^r^ of 
the moon, which ihines with beautiful luf^re; and 
no epithet could better fuit the moon. Macrclius 
quotes an old Greek poet, where tlie fame folu- 
tion of the matter is given — 4>iri» ^vmfateirft'F, 
XJpii darting h^T Jilver rays, from her bright 
countenance. 
M 



82 TH^ :H¥WN TO DIANA. 

Nor was Cyrene, fecond in-lbyJove : A?o 

To her thy faxQir gave jChe iriftor.iiogs 

Wherewith th' Hyphan vitgm, at dlie tomb 

Of fam'd lolcian Pelia^, o'$r the pkua 

Lay'd the proud favage proftrate. Procris too 

Was of thy lov'.d aflbciates : But of all, 285 

Fair Anticlea claim'd thy prime regard 

More lov'd than each, and dearer than thy eyes. 

Thefe were the firft who on their fhoulders bcffe 

The founding quiver and the twsm^g bow : 

While the fair fhoulder and th' exerted breaft, 290 

Were naked, in. their native whitenefs rich. 

lafian Atalanta, fam'd for fpeed, 

Admitted 

Ver. iSl. fflurtwhh, &c.] There is Tome- Bellatrix — mm iUa ak Calaihifoi Minervm 

thing peculiar in the expreffion num, in the F^emneat.ajftuta manus^ Jiedpr^eliavirgo 

author, cum quibm or quorum optri: which is Dura pati^curfuque pedum frevirtereventos. 

(as Spanhdm obfervcs) pretty much the fame ^ warrior dame • 

way of fpeaking with that of the Mia, when ^^^^^^ ^^ ^ .^ ^^ ,^^ ^^j„,j 

they ufe p« ,^5-', for « ^.f?. - a^oivo^ A"» she choXe the noWer Pallas of the field : 
|.^««, fpohor tnterd,u fays Artjlophana } or « - j^j^.^ ^j^ ^^ g^^ ^^ g^^^ ^. ^^ 

for ,«r», poft i fo .fi^Vw. suftain'd the toils of arms^the danger fojht, 

^ ^c. Dry DEN, b. 7. ver. ioq5« 

After a ftorm to fee ihe lovelieft day. ■„ ^er. 288 3^*/., &c.] The heft common- 

^ tary on thefe lines ^re the ancient, remains, 

lolcos was a city oVMagnefia in Theffaly at where we find the huntrefles piAured to us with 

the bottom of mount Peliusy where was a tomb their right fhoulder and breaft naiedy their bow 

of Pelias king of lelcas. Here it was Cyrene and quiver, ^c. See MontfaucorCs Antiquities^ 

gained her yidory over the lion, of which you plate 44. fig. 5. 

have a long account in the 9th Pythian ode of Ver. 292. laftan AtalantOy &c.] Concern- 

Pindar. See Hymn to JpoUoy ver. 125. Pin- ing the hunting of Caiydon^ and the whole ftory 

^tfr's account of the difpofition of Cyrene has of Atalanta^ See Banier^s Myth^ogy^ ,voi. 4. 

been exadUy copied by Virgil^ Vho fays of b. 4. c. i. This At^ilanta is (bmctimes c^n"- 

Camillay founded with another the daughter olSchaneus ; 

and 



THE KYMN TO DIANA. 8$ 

Admitted of thy choir, was* taught by thee 
T' elance the dart unerring-: From her arm 
Lightening, behold, it trembles in the heart 295 

Of Calydonia*s monfter: Nor the deed 
Sh^ the brave hunters envy ; while thy realms^ 
Arcadia, boaft the trophies,- the fharp tuiks 
. Of the vdde-wafting boar : Nor can I deem 
Thfe verigeRil Centaurs with fuch fury fraught, 300 

Rhsecus and mad Hylaeus (by her arm 
'th.o* level'd bleeding cmi ^flaena]ion s top) 
As to purlue the huntrefs with their hate 
In Pluto's realms : Yet will their wounds not lie. 
But Ipeak the truth and teftify thei^: Ihame. 305 

Hail 

m 

and I beligre, there is fome confufion in our JtJes will not Iie« (for Xoyonc does not here 

author. I have given the bcft interpretation I fignify vifcera^ but latira) i. i. they have ftill 

was able of the laft two lines in this ftory, left the marks of the wounds (he gave them in 

OvwA a<^ >AM U^ ^^^^ ^*^^^ when fhe killed them. For the an- 

uvy«p 0fir A«y«M(, tients thought that whatever wounds were re- 

which all the commentators have pafled over, ceived here their marks ftill continued when peo- 

alid which do indeed feekn, in a gr^at meafure, pie were In the (hades below.'' T. £. 
umntelHgible, fo that it is only a leap in the 

dark. A learned frierrd writes thus upon it. — Ovof »» Xmyan^ ffvn9%^tvcrvna%. 
** This is one of the pa(rages, which I could 

make nothingof ; and the only fenfe I can draw norjlta or vlfcera — cum ipjis mentientur — " /. e. 

from it, which I am afraid you will think a bad I g^efi, they themfelves will falfly accufe Ata^ 

orte, is this ; the poet fays, <^ nor do I think that lanta^ but their wounds (or whatever it is) will 

tszti Hylausy or the prefumptuous Rhacus not fpeak falfly with them, they will fpcak the 

(for he attempted to debauch Atalanta) can truth. Wlioevef can give us a better interpreu- 

firid fauk with Atalanta^ with regard to her tion, I (hould be glad, confelfing my own inabi- 

knowledge in archery. For fays the poet, their Uty fo to do. 

M 2 



84 THE HYMN TO DIANA. 

Hail great Chitone, venerable queen^ 
For numerous Hirines in numerous dates renown*d ; 
Hail Guardian of Mileteus ; led by thee, 
Cecropian Neleus touch'd thole happy fhores 1 
Cheiias, Imbrafia, mighty Cabir, hail ; 
Sacred to thee great Agamemnon placed 



310 
His 



VcT. 306. Chitorn.] The fcholiaft, on the 
77th line of the hymn to Jupiter^ gives us two 
reafons for this name^ the one from a people of 
Aiticq fo called, the other, «ti ruerofufm tw 
Bpcftfv awrrt^tu ta Ifjiaria rn AfTifMh — ^* Upon 
which Madam Dacier^ with her ufual delicacy, 
obferves — Hoc idem hodie fit — cum mater pueros^ 
ftatim atqui f i^mt aviOnxaro koXvm, fan£fo cuidam 
tit Franifco vel alii vovet^ W illius vejiibus in- 
duit. — '* So that here we fee fome agreement 
of the Roman Catholic with the Paian cere- 
monies. 

Ver. 308. Hail guardian^ &c.] It was under 
the aufpices of Diana that Neleus led this colony 
from Jtbens to MtUtus j (he was the A^x^nr^^* 
the condu£ling deity : and confequently moft 
particularly worfhiped there ; fo that I take it, 
M&XiTtf nrJtn^i in the original, refers to her, con- 
ftant refidence at, and protection of that ftate. 
See Hymn to Apollo ver. 20. 

Ver. 308, Miletus.] " P//«y mentions the old 
and new Miletus : the former he calls Lelegeisj 
Pitbyufay and jfnafforia : and Strata tells us, 
that it was built by the Inhabitants of Crete. 
The latter was founded according to Strabe by 
Neleus the fon of Codrus king of /ttbens^ when 
he firft fettled in that part of Afia. This great 
city ftood on the fouth fide of the river Mitan- 
dfTj near the fea-coaft : The inhabitants jipplied 
themfelves very early to navigation, having 
founded, according to Pliny, eighty, according 
to Seneca^ three hundred and eighty colonies in 
di£Ferent parte of the world. The city itfelf 
was no lefs famous for a temple and oracle of 
jfpolloy furnamed Didymaus^ than for f^ 
wealth and number of its citizens." Viiiverfal 
3 



Hijtoryj vol. 7. p. 42 1. Nor was the worfliip 
oi Diana lefs regarded by ^<t Milifians than diat 
of her brother ApolU : She was fuppofed to have 
been the conductor of this colony.— >For as was 
obferved (Hymn to Ap0Uo ver. 78.) the ancient! 
thought that fome of the gods not only favour* 
ed the leading of the colony, but themfelves 
became the condudors : and that under the 
fhape of different animals, as a crow, a (wan, 
a bee, Uc» So when another fon of Codrus 
led a colony to Ephefus. — PbiUftratus tells us, 
Mm^m nyaro rv mvtmw o #iA» MtXirJLf. whence it 
is that bees are frequently feen on the coins of 
xYiQ Ephejians. As Diana was thus the leader 
of the colony, a feftival was celebrated to her 
honour called N«x««« by AcMUfians. See Mi^ 
urfus Gnecia feriatic^ 1. 5. where he mentions 
the prodigious veneration that was paid to this 
feftival. It is remarked by Stephen U Moym 
(fays Spanheim) that Miletus is derived from the 
Hebrew rh [ndlet) liberare, and the old name of 
it Ana^oria from awato^, or from falute or yjr- 
vatore. 

Ver. 310. Cheftas, ImhrafiaJ] The two divi- 
nities, Juno and Diana feem to be one, from 
thefe two appellations, which are equally pecu- 
liar and applied to both — the iirfl was takea 
from a promontory of Samos^ called Chefium^ 
the other from a river of Samos^ called Imbrafus^ 
and Juno^s regard for Samos is well known : 
However, if juno was worfhipped by die Sa- 
miansj Diana was fo too — -^s by other proofs 
might be (hewn, but as beft appear^ from two 
coins which you will find in Spanheim's annota- 
tions upon this paffage, with the infcription 
of Xaiaatf one of which reprefents Juno, Ac 

othcx 



THE HYMN TO DIANA. 

His vefleFs helm : What time by thy command 
At Aulis adverfe winds detained his fleet 
Big with deilrudion, breathing flx*d revenge . 
On Ilium, for Rhanmufian Helen's rape 



85 



To 



Other Dianay who were moft probably the 
fame deity, worihipped under different appel* 
lations, and in a different charaAer. S/rtr/Ws 
remark on the 5th line of the ift Georgic of 
Virgilj will throw much light on this interpre- 
tation. ** Stoici dicunt non ejfe nifi warn Dntm^ 
& unam eatuUmque eJfe pdteftatim^ qua fr$ rations 
cfficiffTum noftrorum variis nominibus appellatur,: 
Vnde eundem foUm^ iuniem libirum^ eundem ApoU 
linem vocani : Ititn Lunam, earuUm Dianem, 
eandem Cercrem, eandim Junonem, tandem Pro- 
fcrpinam vocanU This we may obferve is the 
opinion of Macrobius^ and perhaps .not far from 
the truth. 

Ver. 310. Cabir.'\ What I have tranflated 
Cabify is in the original wp^iwft^t, Deus prima 
fedis : One of the Dii confenus^ or majorum 
gentium : •* Which were the Gods worihipped 
by the Egyptians ^fays the learned author of the 
letters on mythology) AJfyrians^ Gracians^icc.^^ 
as the latter, dit minorum gentium^ were Gods 
adopted from obfcure people, among whom 
their worfcip had taken its rife: Thcfe 
the philofophers and wifer of the priefls would 
not allow to be Gods, fuch as the Tbeban Her- 
culesj EJculapius^ Cajior and Pollux^ becaufe 
they had once been men. The others were 
the Cabeirim or mighty Gods of the Ea/fernsy 
and the Con/enteSy ' the unanimous or co-operat- 
ing Gods of the Romansy worihipped over all the 
worlds but whofe rites and myflerics were par- 
ticularly famous in the iflaniis Samotbtaa and 
Lemnos^ and at EUufis. They were originally 
but twoy heaven anil AcfuHy the only Gods of 
the MtUopianSy from whom ^gypt itfelf is faid 
to have drawn b(»th its religion and learning : 
Thcfe wei;e worihipped in Samotbrace and the 
Mgyptians made them firil /x, and long after- 



wards twelve^ at which number the Dii Cabiri 
diSfiy Gods called Cabirsy or mighty, refted in 
moft nations/' See more of them p6^ 278. 
of the Utters en mytbelcgy. Old Ennius com- 

prifes them in thefe two lines, 

» 

Junoy Vejiay Minervay CereSy Diana^ Venus^ 

Marsy 
Mereuriusy Jcvis^ Neptuuuff VukanuSf ApoUo 

B^hart fays, that the Cabiri were the Gods of 
the Pbaniciamy and that their name is derived 
from "yy^ Calfivy which both in the Hebrew 
znd Arabic tongues fignifits P^/^i/i or Magnus^. 
great, fo that Cabiri or Cabirim n*33 fignifies 
the great or mighty Ones. They were two 
only at iirft, as our author above obferves,* 
the Heaven and the Suny or rather thofe three 
great agents the firoy lighty and fpirity into 
which sdl the deities of the heathens may be 
refolved, and which are die material emblems of 
the true Cahiriy the three living great ^d mighty ^ 
Ones. ' 

Ver. 315. Rhammtfian,'] Helen • vtbs fb CdiUd 
from Rhamnuj a town of Attica 5 whi^re, as the 
fcholiait tells us, Jupiter lay with Nemejis^ who 
brought forth an egg : and Leda finding it, 
hatched it, the produce of whii h was Helen and- 
the Diofcuri. Nemejss was particularly wor« 
ifaipped at Rbamnus ; ** where, we are i<Ai% ihe 
had a ftatue ten cubits high^ of a fuigle (tone, 
and fo exquifitely beautiful, that it was nothing 
ftort of Pbidias's iineft Works.** See Banier 
vol. 3. b. 4. c, 15. Apolhdorusy fays Nimefi$y 
to ihun the embraces cf Jupiter y .turned herietf 
into a goofe, and J^'piUt to enjoy her, imm^ 
diately became a nvan : the effe^b of his com**, 
preffing her in this fliape, wa» thtf^ggabovt^ 
mentioned. 



86 TH^fi HVM-K TO D'IAKr!A:i 

To Artemis Corefia- PrastuV rdg^d • ' 1 » : ?/ 
Grateful, his firft remembrantJ^r : Fotliisi -i.- .^ 
By thee reftor'd, his-ifiadifih^ daughter § cdis;d - ^ - 
'LbWSng to wander o'er Azehift^^ hills :' ^ ^^ •'' • 
Tf^ fccond fane to Hemereixa rofe, 
When of thy favor more the monarch, prov'd, 
Their fury vanilli'd, arid their fenfe returned. 



320 



Bbneath 



Vcr. fs6\' 7o Afiemhi &c.] P rains was a 
king of the Jrgives^ and hi& daughters names^ . 
we are told, were Lyjippi^ tppono'e^ and Cyria- 
ntf^. Comparing themfelves in beautv with 
Juno \ or, as. others will, converting tne gold 
of her garments (as they wpre her prieftcffes) 
to their own ufe : fhe in vengeance caufed fuch 
a madnefs to feize their minds, that ImaginiDg 
themfelves transformed into heifers, . they run 
through the fields to hinder their being yoked 
in the ploujgh, and made them re*eccho with 
their lowings : toFirgiL 

• Pratidis imphrunt fatfis mugitHms agrn, 

<< It i^ .thougjht th^t they aduatly became de- 
lirious, and that their madnefs confified in fancy- 
ing themfelves heifen." Milampus the fon of 
Amythaon bargaining to have Cyrianajfa to wife, 
and part of the kingdom, by appeafmg ?«ff0, 
and infedif^^.the fountain wbisre they ufed to 
drink, with fome certain niedicme, cured and 
reftoifed them to their right fenfes. See 5^r- 
v'lHi i>fx the- place above quoted from VirgiL 
Our stutbor tells us, rheir cure was owing to 
J)iana^ and that in return their father built two 
t^empids 10 h.er, one to Diana Conjia^ the other 
tQ Di^rta Hemenfia- $ asd that fay^ tiit fcholiaft, 
hptth/tM'Kf^^ njkt'^ffu, «( tt is probable (fays 
Bamir) ^ maidneis wad tbe effcA of fome 



diftemper where the imagination was much 
effected, as we fee in hypochondriac people, who 
fancy they refemble ieveral forts of animals. 
Accordingly Mtlampm employed in their cure 
black hellebore, fince called from his name 
Mehmpodlony — *' According to Paufdnias they 
iiifere not the only perlbns (eized with this di- 
(tsmper : that author ailigns it to other women 
of Argbs ; and this madneis of theirs* confifted 
in running up and down the field. See vdl. 3. 
1^ 2. c. 5« The reader will obfcrve in the 315th 
line I TtdA.Azeniay though the word in the 
2^tbor is A^MTiay which they tranflatc inhofpita- 
ble : but the fcholiaft explains the word by fay- 
ing it is O^c A^M^u^t a mountain' of Arcadia^ 
which A%enia wa2>, and near the fountain where 
Melampm cured the Pratides j of which Ovid 
fpeaks 

Clitoris quicunqui Jitim defonte levdrit 
Vina fugit ; gaudttque meris abflemius unSs. 
Sen vis eji in aqua calido contraria vino 
Siwj fs^od indigena memorant^ Amythaone natvs^ 
Pratidas attonitas pojlquam per carmen U 

birbas 
Eripuit furiis : :purgamina mentis in illas 

. M^t aquas i ediumquimeri permanjit in undis^ 

See MsTAM, L 15! 



THE PYMN Tp DIANA, ,87 

Beneath a beach the war-aiFedting race 
Of Amazons, to thee a il^tjue r^'cj^ ^ 

Where Ephefus' prppd towers o'erloaktibe-main; '3^5 

^Otrera firft perforpi'd^the Ifojy rijtes, 

While round in fajiar dajacc.thef; c^bBg'flthpJr arms, :;;.:': 
Hoarfe to the hymn refounding : tilLthe choir 
At length they form'd andmqJur'd o'er the^oiujd : 
Refpondent to the fkciU Bfie^s^ £ee\)h ftf ains. j i f r L :3A^ 

Not yet Minerva, tp the flags a foe, 



Ver. 323. Beneatb^ &c.] The poet in the 
following lines gives us ai^.hi^ory <Qf t^e-fir^ 
rife and progrcfs of Diana's celebrated ' te/hple 
at Epbefus^ which he afTurqa us, the y/mazons 
were the firft occafion of, hy the little ftdtue 
they raifed under a beach, or (as Dionyjius haj» 
it) in the niche of an elm, a ftrikihg inftance of 
the fimplicity of the firft ages. The grandeur 

. of that temple in after-times, and the ,parcicul.ar 

.veneration whercjnZ)/i7;rtf was held there, is too 
well known to require any thing from me on 
that head. « Great is Z>w*tf of die^^/^^^V 
was the cry of her blind adorers; and that 
Dianay was a (mall ftatuc, as,^ye axe told, of. 
ebony, made by one Cartitiay which the Epbe- 

Jians called AMwtrti, or one ^at fell down (rom 
Jupiur. There were two : temples, the -firft 
not fo gran^ as the fecond : Eroftratus^ to make 
himfelf famous, burnt the firft, which AUxander 
offered to rebuild at his own expence, if the 

. Epheftans would put his name on the front : 
butAey rejedled it, by telling him,, "it^was 
not fit one God fliQuld build to anotlier." The 
fecond, and the more fumptuous Edifice, is fup- 
pofed to have been burnt in the time of 
Conftantlne, There are fome ruins, and a f€;w 
broken. pillars of this ftrufture ftill remaining — 
an account of which may be feen in.iS^^n's 
voyage. See Montfaucon^s antiquities, b. i, 
p. I. c. II. plate 6. fig. 24, 25. Otrera or 

' HippOy it feems, was die firft prieftefs, and 

3 



Drew 

MiATM AfAA^ofiJWfy one of the Amazonians^ as the 

Ver. 331. Not y<t^ &c.j From this paflage 
in the author, we may gather two things v — 
that the Tibia Of the antients were of ' the 
(Ori«) bones of deer, ,and that their inventrefe 
y/^% ,Alinervfi i . ^ 

Prima terebrato per rara foramina buxo^ 
Uijiafrt.fffi0.^bi^j9ttoi/onos:, ' c; 1/ 

Fox placuit : liquidamfaciem referentibus undisy 
Vidij virgimas intumuiffe gf^as : 

Art mihi non tanfi eft; vaieas mea tibia ^ dixi^ 
Excipit abjeSiam cffpite xipo fuo^ 

fays Minerva in 'Oljid*s fajlorum lib. 6. v6r. 
697. Ajgid in drift ophanesy a B^^otian fays, 

where the fcholiaft obferves he ufes" f^Tm\<iy be- 
caufc formerly pipes were made »»© raw iXa^w^r 
•pi^, from the bones of ftags. Thc;y were 
fometimes made of afles bones : one would won- 
der, fays Plutarch^ that' an afs, « 9r<tx'^«To«> ««» 
^j^^L^^roTOi tjf ra^jSa, an animal (0 heavy and 
averfe to mufic fhould afford offoi' XtflrroTaToi xcn 
ft^(r»x«T«TOF, the moft fl^rill toned and mufical 
bones. Whoever thinks it, worth his while to 
read more about the pipes, ^c, of tie aiitients, 
may find an ^ccpunt of tbem in MQtiifmcm^ 
part the 2d of the 3d vol. b. 5. . c. 2^ ;, \ 



S8 THE HYMN TO DIANA. 

Drew from the hoUow'd bones, the flutes ripe ibund. 

Fair Sardis heard, the Berccynthian reahns ^ 

The diilbnant' rout xe-ecchoed, as the dance 

With warlike din attending, rough the twang 335 

Of rattling quiven from their iboulders rung. 

Around the ftatue foon a temple rofe, 

Divineft edifice-— whofe ftately height 

And rich magnificence, the fumptuous eafl 

Unrivall'd boafts, not by the Pythian dome 340 

In all its glories equal'd 1 — Touched with pride 

Contemptuous, and with madding fury feiz'd, 

A crowd of ftout Cimmerians, like the fand 

For numbers, from Inachian Bofphorus, 

To pour deftrudion on thofe facred walls , 345 

Stern Lygdamis led on : Miflaken prince, 

Alas how loft I nor thou, nor one of thofe 

Whofe chariots crowded o'er Cayfter's mead 

Thick as autumnal leaves ; fhall hence return 

Or 

Ver. 341. Touch* J^ &c.] Lygdamis and the for he fubjoins, mijlaken prtna^ he tells us 

Crmmerians in the reign of Ardyts king cif Ly- he erred from his defign wr^nUrn \ He perifli- 

dla^ invaded and ovcrr-ran all Afta mtnory as ed in Ciliciaj according to Utrabo. The 6Vot- 

Strabo tells us. They took Sardis^ the metro- nurians were the defendants of GonuTy and the 

polis of Lydioy but could never win the caftle. fame with xhe^Gauls of Jfia minor. Pliny fpeak- 

As Strabo and Herodotus are filent upon that ing of them fays, Cimmeni popu/i /eptentriona- 

head, I imagine what Hefychius fays, namely, les funty ad Bofporum ponti Euxini fretum 

*< That Lygdamis burnt the temple of Diana ^^ babitanUs : cujus ora curvatur in nucotim^ S<y^ 

is not true ; and Callimachus particularly fays, thia Paludm^ Sec Umverfal Hijiory^ vol. 1. 

. " He did not lay it wafte, he only threatncd p, 375. 
and kd on his Cimmerians fo to do, «^airc»(ifip ; 



THE HYMN TO DIANA. 89 

Or view their country more ! Diana's anns, 350 

Bleft Ephefus, thy fortrefs, thy defence I 

Goddess of ports, divine Munychia hail I 
Let none contemn Diana ; Oeneus felt 
Her heavy hand avenging: Let none dare 
To rival in her arts the huntrefs queen : 355 

For with no trivial muld the proud preflimption 
Of Atreus* fon flie fin*d — ^Nor to their bed 
Let any court the virgin : Wretched joys 
Crown'd Otus and Orion's bold addrefs; 
Let none decline the folemn choir to join, 369 

Not even Otrera's favour'd-felf refus'd 
UnpuniOi'd, unafilided : Goddefs hail. 
Great queen, and be propitious to the ibng ! 

Ver. 352. Goddeffy &c.] See the remarks on his daughter. Mwif, vmSok original iaiifed for 

verfe 46 above. She was called Munychia from ptenay ot rather, as 1 have rendered it, a mulS i 

Munychia at /fthensy which the fcholiaft cells us Dtnatus obferves, trttiumprejlultiua eft ptma, 

«n fwp«< t» »mfcu0(. The Uory of Oeneut is well frttiumpri mrtutt lucrum. Andria hSt 3. S. {. 

known, that he n^e£ted Diana in the fa- Ver. 359. Orion] Or Oarien, as he is fre- 

cred rites, which he paid to all the deities, for gently called amongft the poett^ it faid to have 

which (he incited his neighbours to raife a war attempted to ravifli Diana. 

flgaiaft him, and bcfides _^^ .^^^^^ 

On Oemus fields (he fcnt a monftrous boar, Tentafor Orion Diana^ 

That Icvcird harvefls and whole forcfts tore, Virginia domitus fagitta^ 

according to Hamr. Jgamemmn^s offence, Z)/^« fays Horan. See ao ingenious hiflory of Orion in 

tjs Cretenfis telb us, was the Jbdoting a goat in Bamer'^ Mythology^ vol. 4. b. 7. c. 7. Otus was 

the grove of />itfM7, a place hdd very facred. eoeof the famous ^/i9ii&x, who were flaio,accord- 

The price of which offence was no leTs than iBgto(bme,byi>/tf>faaaiVtf^9^,forOr/Wscrime. 

End of the Hymn to Diana. 

N 




■^^ifiV'"^ 



THE 



Fourth Hymn of Calximachus- 



7J Delos. 

F facred Delos, great Apollo's nurfe, 
When, when, my foul, or ever wilt thou fing? 
Moft facred, all the Cycladcs might well 
Each furnifh theme divine : But Delos firft 

From every Mufe demands the tribute lay, 5 

For that flie firft their infant God received. 

And 




Hymn to DeIo«.J Hymns upon the(e popular 
occafions were a kind of prize poems ; which 
moft of the poets wrote, if not through a prin- 
ciple of religion, at leaft through a defire of ac- 
quiring that charaAer : the fure confequence of 
which was the particular efteem of the people. 
At the time of the Theoria or DiUan feftival 
feme celebrated poet always compofed the bymn> 



amongft which doubtle(s was tbfs of Callima^ 
ehus. PindaVy we are toldj was requefted by 
the people of the ifland Cos to write a hymn 
upon Dehf^f and he plainly tells us he will do 
fo, in his firft Pytbian^ and begs pardon- of that 
ifle and Apollo^ for delaying their praifcs till he 
has fung thoie of his own countiy j 



THEHYMN TO DEL OS. 

And firft triumphant bailed the Deity-. 

Not with lefs hate the nine ptirfue the bard 

Forgetful of Pimplea, than Apollo 

Him who forgets his Delos :-^Bc my drains 

Turn'd then to Delos ; That th' approving God 

At once may favour and infpire the fong. 

Tho' to tempeftuous feas and ftorms exposed, 
Its firm foundations rooted in the deep, 
Unfhaken flands the ifle ; round whofe rough fhores 



91 



10 



'5 

(More 



Mil fMi Mfwaa n^uaoffM 

Phila makes it clear, that Pindar performed his 
defign, when he fays, Ai« ««» HtA^foi mi rm 
AnXov fnn, xfi^i^ m OiorifAvn, &c. Nothing can 
begin more nobly than the prefent hymn, the 
double interrogation of Ttw Xf^'^* ^d 4MTt> 
roufes the attention — and the addrefs to his foul, 
ndvf4f» is el^antly poetical. fiXonrrof, is Pindar^s 
frequent addreis, and evfu, he likewise ufes» 
There is no appearance of a tautology in thefe 
two interrogations, as has been imagined, the 
one means at what particular timey whtnf the 
other, will you ever — f 

Ver. 3. Mojt facred^ &c.] As thefe iflands 
had their name from furrounding Delos [Cycla* 
das fie appellatasy quod omnes ambiunt Delum,) 
It feems probable they had thence alfo their title 
of if^wT«Iai9 or mott /acrid) as DeUs was a part 
of thefe Cyclades^ and looked upon itfelf the 
moikfacred place in the world. Otherwife why 
a parcel of poor wretched iflands famed for no- 
thing but the mifcry and horror wherewith they 
^reatned the offending Romans* 

{Spreta Myconos^ humilifqug Seripbos.) 

why they Ihould be fo highly honoured, I know 



not : Spanhiinfs firft conje£hire, that they pro-* 
bably were once in better cafe, feems quite 
groundlefi : and his fecond, though more reafoa- 
able is yet, I think, not iatisfadory : he fays, 
they were called if$wraT«i, on account of the 
great veneration they paid to Debs : it is true, 
they are known fo to have done ; but were not 
other places equally religious in the worihip 
they payed to that ifland ? — a town has been 
celebrated and efteemed venerable for having 
had a great man in it, a country for a particular 
city or temple, and why not a number of iflands 
for having one of themfelves fo eminently re- 
nowned ? The reader muft judge. 

Ver. 13. 7bo\ &c.] This is a very diflicult 
paflage in the original : I have endeavoured to 
give it as poetical a fenfe, as I am able : I had 
once rendered it more paraphraftically, thus : 

About its defert coafts tho' rough winds blow 
Howling, as round fome billow-beaten rock. 
To fmiling dns and the generous fteed 
Ungrateful tho' its foil, iit place of reft 
For cormorants that wing the mid- way air : 
Tho* thus unmov'd it braves th' Icarian waves 
That proudly o'er its cliffs their curling foam 
Triumphant dafli : tho' once its barren fhores 
None but the wandring race of fiihers knew : 
Yet when to Ocean* ^ and hisTlr/Ayx' court, fcfr. 
N 2 The 



9* THE HYMN TO DEL03. 

(More pervious to the cormorant than horfe ; 

Where whilom lonely £fhers made abode :) 

Th' Icarian waves their white foam roaring da£b; 

Yet to old Ocean's and his Tethy« court 

When move the iiknds, mtirmuring none beholda 2Q 

Majeftic Delos graceful lead the train 

Claiming prime Jionour : G)dica demands 

The fecond place : Eubsea next appear8^ 

Her follows fweet Sardinia, and the ifle. 

Which happily receiv'd the queen of love, 25 

When from the waves emerging ; for reward, . 

Its fhores her kind protedion ever fhare. 

Thefe 

The learned reader will, by^onfelcring the Ver. t^, fit tp, fcc.J The fort^ing lines 

words in the original, find this, I liope, expref- «e a kind of spolegy for this fuperior honour, 

five of them* f^rgil fays of DeUs. That which, the poet tells us, was giTen to DeUsy 

Jpotto — though in itfelf an iflaiid of fo foaall eftimation,, 

— Gave k to be unmoved, Ver. 21. Majtftic^ &c.J This prtncipalitjr 

With firm foundations, and defy the winds. attributed to the iiland Delws has nothing in it 

Tr AFP- '£n. iti. 102. more than one would exped, from the iiogular 

- * . • J ^u . -.L- ia. jr A r -/• Veneration that was payed to it^ aad the great 

Some have imagmed, thatthH, ft«dfaft«ef. af- ^^^^^-^^ helj l\ aU the world. The 

figncd by our poet to Delos, refe« to us being ^^ ^ ^^ ^ obfervVd often fpeak. (indeed 

nnfliaken by <=«^-<P'«k«» «^ '^ ^^ moft frequently) of the Me as a^^age: » 

he.r conjeaure upon a paiSige from ^«^Jf^f ^o^^ is well known, u&d by'all coSTtriw 

th: hiftorian, who fpcaking of an eanh^uake . ]• ' ' ^ -w^'^****!^. 

that fliook Dehs^ adds, that it vfos mmm' fimken y ° ' ff7)i4:i &c !• 

hfari', Virgil fpeaking of a rocky fayt, that it ' ^* * '^ 

was apricii Jiatio gratijima Alergn^ JS^Eu y, — Hr irvnloiTo ctwf k 

' -A ftation fit The prefent paiTage by means of the peripbrafis^ 

¥oK 4inmr4mt9^ when pnnupg in the fun^ which the author ufes for the ifland^ is ^cult 

TiAPF,. of 



THB HYMN TO DELOS. 

Thefe boafl for their defence (bong walls and towers^ 
But Delos her ApoLLo-*-and what tower 
Impregnable as he ? For towers and walls 
Strymcmian Boreas levels with the ground : 
But ever unremov*d firm (lands the God ; 
Thy guardian, hafpy Pslos, thy defence. 

SiNCB various theme for fbng thy worth fiipplies. 
Say of the holy legends which beft pleas'd. 
Which dofl thou hear mofl joyful ? fhall I flng 
How with his threefold trident, wotk immenie 
Of labouring Telchins, Neptune clave the rocks, 



93 



3« 



35 



Difpartipg 



of conftruaieo : the Btend Ante it, ^ And Qr- 
prusj to which Vmu fiift of 9U fwen from the 
waves s and now psefenres a» « coward f^ that 
landing it aflFordcd her. Aw* unM^^, bus given 
the commechta^or^ Qiucfa trouble: Sirmt illam 
pro propugnaculoj fays Madam Dac'ur^ but 
doubtlefs wrong : Dr. Rtntl^ has given us the 
true fenje of the paffage : Ferti^ fays be, colit 
Sff tutatur earn pro Naulo feu merceiU.^* Fmus 
jam mart nata W arah^un, cum ad Cyprum pri- 
mum adpuitfet, ff earn Tellurm viluti Navim 
tonfcendijfety banc ei gratiam puifi Naulum r#- 
pendtty ut in tutdam fuam vmim. Hefych. 

Ver. 28. Thefe, &c.] The fcntiments in thefe 
lines are noble and pure, the poetry grand and 
excellent " Thefe other iflands put their truft 
JO walls and towers, but Delos boafts of better 
bulwark, hers is Apolk : then comes the noble 
fateirogation* — rkii rifi^i^tf^M^^' ^ mortM 
works. 

The doud-dapt towers, the gorgeous palace^ 
- The folemn temples, the great globe itfclf 



And all which it inhabit {hall diflTolves 

but eidc am »^vfl^t»'ro(, the God forever ftands 
unmov'd-— and he, happy illand, he it is who 
defends and guards thee, he it is, who is thy 
rod and eajlle of defence.** There are innu;ner- 
able pafligcs in fcripture to the fame purpofe, 
*' Put not thy truft in princes nor in any child 
of man, {sl*£:.-r-Some truft in chariots and fome 
in horf^, but we will remembtr the name of 
the Lor J our GoJ. — Woe to them that go 
down to E!;}p.t for help, ^c. - - nnd look not. 
unto the Holy One of Ifrael, neither feek the 
Lord. The Egyptians are nitn and not G6d, 
and their horjes .flcfh and not fpi.rit, LJc. — but 
it would be endlefs to quote half ±'c pafla.Tes to 
this effeil I'A the Scriptures. God is c/ten tailed 
a wall of fire round his church in Zachary : and 
in the ^ong (^ Solom^n^ the heavftrrly bride fays,, 
I am the wall, and my brcafts like tov/ers. 

Ver. 38. Telchimes.] The reader may find 
fomething agreeable to him, perha|^s, on this 
fubjeft in the Life of Homfr. p. 196, feT^if 
edit 8vo, 1736. 



9f THE HYMN TO DELOS. 

Diiparting wide— and gave to iilands birth : 
The maily fragments to the fea defcending, 
J^recipitate downward roll : fixt, firm fixt, 
On fure foundations 'midft th* encircling waves. 

BuT' thee no fiich neceflity conftrain'd, 
Licensed to range o'er Neptune's wide domains^ 
Afteria call'd, for that the thunderers arms 
Eluding like a ftar thou fhot'ft from heav'n 
Down to the deep abyfs ; and fuch thy name 
Till bright Latona dignified thy cliffs. 



4^ 



45 



Oft 



Vcr. 43. Bui tha^ &c.] The common ftory 
6f this ifland's moving upon the witers is too 
veil known to need infifting upon here : The 
ifland had other names before this of Delos^ 
amongft which was Afteria (the original of 
which the authory in the following lines, gives 
us :) and Ortygia $ the firft, becau^, fays &///- 
macbus^ this daughter of Caeus (hot from the 
embraces of Jupitery «fi(t wn^ like a ftar [tho' 
Pindar iays the ifland was called Aftiriay be- 
caufe it (none «rffi ko^ among the Cycladis :) 
the latter name Ortygia had its original from the 
fame report, that Afitria fled thither in the (hape 
of 0{Tvy«c) a quail. Nmnus in his Di^nyfiacs 
4>eaks of this fable. 

Om» v%f Artftv ^omftipWf n» m rovrf 

And this difference of the names gave occafion 
to the miftake, that JpoUo and Diana were bom 
in Ortygia^ not in Deles ; nay, and fome my- 
thoIogSs have iaid^ that Diana was born in 



Ortygia^ Ap^ttfm Dilos^ amongft thefe is Or* 
pbius ; who, in his hymn to Latona, fays, 
T m m§tt 9n fotpctrn ««» A^rifui lexuu^, 

Ver. 46. Uii a Jlar.'] Thiocritus has a line 
very apt to oui purpofe, 

— Oron ftof^ a9 ft^am n^wn mmf 
Afijpooc If rwTor.' 

and Firgil fpeaks very beautifully, as he does of 
every thing he touches upon, of this (hootii^ of 
ftars: 

Sapi itiamJiillaSi vento impendentiy videbis 
Pr capites catlo labiy m^ifqueper umbram^ 
Flammarum bnges a tergo albefcen traSius. 

And oft before tempeftuous winds arifc. 
The feeming ftars fall headlong from the (kies : 
And (hooting thro' the darknefs gild the night. 
With fweeping gIories,and long trails of light. 
Dryoen's ift Geargic, 

Where, who can help admiring the grave-facM 
dulnefs of Serviusj when he obferves on this 
paflage, — Sequitur vulgi opinionem : nm mm 
pmaia prudinier a poeta dicendajunt ! 



THEHYMNTODELOS. 93 

Oft bound from Lydan Xanthus to the coaft 

Of Ephyra^ floating Tth" Saronic gulf 50 

The mariner Ciw thee, joyous : but his courie 

As homeward plying, fought thee there in vain : 

Now thro' the rapid ftraits of Euripus, 

Now o'er thofc waves rejeded, failing fwift 

To Sunium, Chios, or the virgin ifle, 55 

From whole white boibm hoipitably pour'd 

The neighbouring Mycaleflan nymphs, to hail 

With gratulation fweet thy lov'd approach.. 

But when fupplying to Latona's fon 

A happy natal place, pleased in return 60 

Delos, the failors nam'd the favourite ille : 

Since 

Vcr. 55. Or the virgin iJUj &c,} The ongi- we have no bufincfa to fcek further. Ncvcr- 

nal is Mdtrof n«fOniiK» where I make no doubt thelefs B^cbart thinks it far from the truth (and 

the author ufed the word Maro», in allufion to indeed his is more likely to approach nearer to 

HafOmnC) the name of the ifle ; Somas j as Strah it) and therefore he gives a very diflPerent deri- 

intorms us, was really fituated* on a riling hill» vadon from a Syriac word of the fame founds 

fromimnt liki a breafi : I have endeavoured in fignifying G^^, (o that it was called, according 

the tranflatioB, in fome fort, to keep up the to him, Dilo$^ as being the ifland of the God 

allufion; mount MycaU^ from whence the Apollo: we might not unreafonably with the 

nymphs were called MycaUfiarij is juft oppofke defcription given of it by CaUimachns^ ver. 15 

the ifland Samoi \ and thence too, they were above, derive it from the Hebrew 7*1* del^ poor^ 

(aid to be neighbours to Samns or jtncaus^ king meaUy exhaujiedy fo barren^ rocky and unfruit- 

of Samos ; who fo called the ifland (formerly fuL See Bocbart's Chanaan^ lib. t. c. 14. — 

named Partbenia^ according to our author} Solinus_ fays, that Delos was fo called, becaufe 

from a fon of his, whofe name was Satms. after the deluge it was firft iUuminated by the 

Ver. 61. Delos, tbe £s^r.] Such, accordmg rays of the Sun, Memnijfe boc loco^ par ejt^ 

to Callimacbusj was the origin of this name pojfl primum dtluvium, Ogygii temporibus notatum^. 

of the ifland \ fo called becaufe it was no longer quum novem & amplins menftbus dkm coniinua 

«)si9^y not mamfejlj no longer floating uncer^ nox inumhrajfet^ Delon ante otrntes terras^ radiis 

iainly over the ocean. Various other etymofo- foils illuminatur^ fortitamque ex eo nonien^ quod 

gies. are given of the name, but as this is per- prima nddka foret viftbui^ 
' . biips^ as rational as any, and given by our author^ 



96 THE HYMN TO DEL OS. 

Since rooted in th' ^gean waves^ no more 
Uncertain and unfeen it rang'd the ftiaitl. 

Thee not refentful JoWo't yengeance movM, 
The fiiry of whofe wradi impetuous burft 65 

On all the concubines of Jo v 1 1 But chief 
On bright Latona : I^rom whole Idns a foil 
Was deftin*d to be bom, that {ho\x*d eclipfe 
And rival in Jove*s love her darling Mars* 

Big with the thought and brooding dire revenge 70 

From heav'ns high tow*r8, follicitous (he kept 
Obfervant watch : And, with die pangs of Imth, 
Detain'd Latona, labVing : Eaith to guard - < 
Two faithful centinels (he iix'd: Dread Mars 
On Thracian Hsmus furious fhone in arms, 75 

The continent with flern regard behdding : Whilft 
His courfes Boreas* feven-fold cave receiv'd. 

With fixt attention, o*er the icatter'd i/les 
Thaumantian Iris, plac'd on Mimas* brow. 
Hung fedulous Purveying : Thefe, what (ktes 80 

So e*er Latona in her anguifh (ought, 
Inflant, dire menacing, approach*d : And da{li*d 

Ver. 81; Iif/Iant, iicj Though diit whole be^nningof thii^s, As may periiapt kdnafkr 
&(fry has a plain pbiltfiphiad rtffrma to the firft W more AiUjr flieWn (Jum basg dw mr. La- 



.th:e hymn -TO DEL OS. 

Each riling hope of hoipitable reft. - : 

Arcadia heard their mandates, heard and fled: 
Hoary Phenaeus, faci^ Auge's moiint, 
All Pelops ifle, Egiale except - 
And Argos : (There, where Juno reign'd (uprcme, 
.'Twere vain to hope admittance ;) theJc as climes 
Forbid, Latona fought not :' But her courie 



97 



85 



.1. 



Shap*a 



Una the firft rude chaotic ma/sj viAoiit /erm 
and void^ for (he is called Airr«, from Anfw, to lie 
hid in oblivion^ and that darJhuJs^ uihuh was pver 
the faci 9f thi firft diep^ and from hence Monies 
the Latin word Latto ; each of which words are 
primaril; derived from the Hebrew HK^ LAT^ 
to lie hid, &c. whence, according to Leighy 
comes our word loty becaufe a iot u of oblfcure 
and doubtful things. This Latena being impreg^ 
noted by Jupiter^ the ethetial fire^ was detained 
by Hit JlruggUng of the air from bringing forth 
ApoUe and Dianay the Sun and Moony &c.) 
though, I fay, this fable has tbu& plainly in its 
ori^al a reference to nature, yet doth it feem 
:^Hb to have fome dark analogy to the tradition 
fully recorded in the i ith chapter of the Reve- 
iaticn. " There appeared a great wonder in hea- 
ven : a woman clothed with the Staty and the 
Aioon under her feet: and upon her head a 
crown of twelve fhn-s. And ihe being with child, 
cried, travelling in birth, and pained xo be dei> 
livered. And there appeared another wonder 
in heaven : and behold a great red dragony 
having feven heads and ten horna and feven 
crowns upon his head. And his tail drew the 
third part of the flars of heaven, and did cail 
them to the earth : and the red dragon flood be- 
fore the woman, which was ready to be de* 
livered to devour her child, as foon as it was 
born. And (he brought forth a man child, 
who. was to rule all nations with a rod of iron : 
and the child was caught up to God, and to his 
threoe, and when the dragon faw that he was caft 
M> the ea4:tb, be perfecutcd the woman, which 

I 



4>t1ougtit fortfi die tftiiH child," tic. fee the whole 
chapter. It is obferveable, that as thvifon of the 
fpoman flew this gpreat dragpfi— fo thtfon of Z4- 
tonay according to the fable, flew the Pythony as 
you.wiH read ji) thp fequel^of this^hymn. 

•Ver. %i}/All Telop's iflei] This pemnfula was 
not knowp by the name of Felop*s ifle or Pelopon* 
HifikSy ac .the. time. wYmnJLat^na is. faid by the 
mythologifts to have brought forth Diana and 
ApoUo : for Pelops was not then born : it was 
called Pelafgioy JEgialiiiy Apioy and according 
to Hefychius TUift%% : and afterwards got the name 
of PebponkefuSy upon Pekps h\$ arri^ mtf> 
Greece from Lydia or Phrygia, But it is well 
known to be no uncommon thing with the an- 
tient poets, more particularly the tragic ones, 
not to call the country where the matter, they 
are relating^, happened, hy its antient^ but then 
modern name, fucb as was ufed in their own 
times. Spaxbeim, And thia remark of Span- 
heim's will fcrve to dear up, not only many of 
the anticnts, but alfo many of our own poets, 
from the objefiions of this fort, which feveral 
little critics too haftily throw out againfl them« 
Ptenaus or Peneus is, according to the fcholia, 
««xif Afxa3tiA% aptaut, which Spanheim fuppofes 
tt> be the reafon why the author defcribes him 
aa an old man •y^wfuat^i : but Greevius thinks 
the author has rtfpe^ to the lake clofe by thf 
city of the fame name, and calls him y*^MT«» 
becaufe the antients when they would reprefent 
the fca, rivera, lakes, &^. always painted the 
figure of an old sian. 



THE HYMN TO DELOS. 

Shap'd towards Aonia ; All Aonw flew> ' ' ^ 

Difce and Stro{Aie: Wlkile thdr hiuicb ^pport 
Their (Ire Ifmenus* fteps,; And far bdiiod. 

« 

Lag'd, by Jove's thunder marr'd, lab'ring his way 

With footing ilow, A^i^us : While diftreft 

E«:h wood-nymjA, Oread or Dryad &te, 95 

Viewing their oaks coeval, on the top 

Of mpving Helicon nod their wavy brows 

Xoud groaning to the ^ : Ye Mules ia,y 

If ought on oaks the Dryadt fate d^ends> 

Orivith them born or dying F lOO 

When the gay trees, in beauteous verdure clad. 

Their blooming honours ihewj^ the njrmphs, like them 

in fulleft charms all blithjbme trip the plain : 

And 

Ver. 91. DiretinufStrtpkir] Were two foim« aatient tiona it was ufuatto mteraiut fable widi 

tetfisand^MWxariverof7Z»^<»,accordingtothe hiftoiji thofewho wrote this, faid, the river 

fcholiiil : Jfi^t was faid to be thunder-ftruck ^frf" had with hit ftreans made war upon 

by Jupiter, who ravifb'd hit -daughter Mgitutf Jtt^ttr ; and that be, by transforming himfelf 

for vomiting out his waters againft him ', imto fire^ had tlMBdes<firuck him : a pbyficat 

XT ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ •• a? ' I J- tareumftance fouadcd «poR the fttitation of that 

^rrfr'^^^^^^/ '^J f^'wfX^' "ver, which flows ia Tcountry that abounds. 

An^U.ulatmffeJovu:^^^^^^ wkh fiOphiT - Sec ^«i.r, vol. 4- p. 268. ' 

InMusbellareparaU fej: Ver. 95. Wood-nymph, Sec.) Tbcfe w« 

bTAT. 1 HEB. I. 7. ^^^j Drfsds, or Hawmdrjads from the com- 

•^ Afofmt was a king of BmcM^ and ccm- fiK>i% tradkkm, whkhCtf///Wf^jhereincnrioti$^ 

founded with a river y whmee he was fetd to be d thdr liK/ing and dyhig oi^ ran ilfM% together 

the fon of the Ocean. That prince, to avenge with the §aij : much i* ipoken of them everjr 

the infult which Jifpiter^ that 19, a king of yfr- where, fo that I need not dwell upon the fubjed r 

taiia^ who bore that name, had done to his The reader will be agreeably entertained by 

i(aughter, raifed againfi bim a powerful armr nefewingtoAcSth vol. oftheiJp*ffi««r, No.5g^ 

and gave him battle; wheCein* he was roirted, iwhere he will find an account of tbefei&nni^ 

as we karn from Theodontius ; and becaufe in JryirJs, .... - 



THE HYMN. TO DBL08« 

And when deform'd hj fwrly winter's bhtfts. 
The iympathetic nymphs lamenting mourn. 
AfOLLO yet unborn dread rage conceiv'd 
'Oainft tfaefe inho^ifiable realms : and thus 
Dcnomic'd, oh Thebes, th* irrevocable curfe : 
Oh miserable Thebes, why, why too (boa 
Drwv on thy certJiin fate ? Compel me not 
Unwilling to foretel thy deftmy I 
What tho* no Pythian tripod feels the God, 
<* What tho' not yet the feipent — ^^from the banks 



99 



105 



<i 



<t 



<c 



<c 



lid 



Of 



. Ycr. 107. Sialnft thefe^ &c.] T«k pa vtv 
AwdAm X'tKmdm Hit igttur jfyolh graviter iratus 
fuit^ at thek^atiSy namely^ who refuTed his 
mothcc admrinon;;. the fcholiaii &ya, . TMCfcn 
Ail^^atMi h?^ah' rm Mrtfp and yet ^ite of thia 
tKe Latin ti:ajiflator hath foifie^^mp bit text--* 
JE/xi cuieccuhu|5« a miflake, wludK the reader 
fhouIdbeaf^nTed of.. Thc^mtwiXm^i^hkh 
jfffolh {peaks ofy tadethm' tbeofade — mawmm 
;/?^a£iQi — is heft eicplained by the oracle deliver- 
ed by the PpitM frkflda m. the 6^ JEmtd of 
Vlt'ffl: and like ilM> ^ifl Qstd^a ipok (bppofed 
to be delivered tn % compul&vie way; ^ 

Jt Phtehi mndum patuns^ tmrmnis in aittr§ 
Batchatttr VMtes^ magnum- ft pn^on p^JJit^ 
. £xcujif€ Deum^, i^c. Vcr. ^^. 

ConceFiiing the kutrsl^ fee Etymn to Jp^lla notei. 
where it is remarked^ thart the Tripods were a* 
domed with laur^L Conceming the woman, 
Nlobfy mentioned 9 1. 121. See the Hymn to 
JpoUo 1. 35. and for the laft line of the fpcech^ 
fee the 1 3th line and note of the fame hymn. 

Ver. 1 1 2. ff^at tho\ &c-] It is remarkable 
this threefold divifion of tMngn found in the 
Heathen Mythology: the world is divided be- 



tween the three brothers, Jupiter ^ Neptune^ and 
Phito \ ^upitir has his three forked lightnings 
Neptuni\i\% trident^ or three- fold fceptre, as Pluto 
likewiie at whofe gates is placed the tripU* 
headed dogCerterus : and the oracles of Apollo are 
delivered from a Tripody a feat with three feet — 
This divifion cahnot but ffrike an attentive ob« 
(erver. It has greatly pcr|>kxt the mythologifls 
to find out whence this cuftom came of JpoUo*% 
ocades being delivered from a Tripod^ and very 
numerous as well a!Kd>furd are their folutioiis 
of the nutter» Spanbeim has a long diiTertation 
upon it tn his note on this place, at the end of 
which he feems to have perfeSly iatisBed him* 
fclf, and is pleaCed, he tells us, to find his opi- 
moa countenanced by a learned authoi*, who 
with hkn, agrees in the fimilitude of thefe things 
in the woiSiip of Apolloj to the ceremonies 
in the Jewijh temple: whence he doubts not 
fuch imperfeA traditions were taken. His words 
are — Cm tamen ultimamj nee importunam^ uti 
opinoTj addemvs Coromda^ nempe eo ApolHnis, fiu 
Phjcba jos, in templi Delphici adytOy fupra tri- 
podemfedentis^ refponfafue inde^ Dei illius ora* 
culum confulentihuSy edentis faStOy adumbrari a 
Gentilibus pridem rtohis vifum, id quod legitur 
Nume. vii. 89* iAoktOyquoties ingrederetur ta^^ 
O 2 ~ ' bernaculum^ 



ipo THB^HiYlMCr lTiO' lYBiLOS: 

" Of Pliftus rolling Jhs» jiihe-foWs imincnie,i ..' • 
*^ And ilow around Pjnaaiixis^'/iiiaw-ciptimounty 



"5 

M Their 



bemaculumy ut confuleret oraculimi (pntit hie ' 
Vitus interpres) audlvijfe vocem ei fe loquentisy e 
propiciatorio, quod erat fufer arcdm (fiu ejus ^sr^ 
culum) inter duos Cherubim, ^a hauddiffiteor 
jam acute adtigijfe eruditum au^forem lihri memo-- 
rati Delphi Phaenizantes, quamqudm poflea de^ 
mum edit! ac ferius a nobts vifi^ (ff cut eatero^ 
quin viro do&o ad tabtrnaculum^Hm. area adfebi- 
Itintem fub Jofua (Jof. xviii. i.) fixum^ toiam 
banc Hebraici ritus in Delphici Tripodis W ora^ 
euli conjiitutione originem ac ftmulacrum referre' 
placuit^ &r." I would advife the reader, cu- 
rious in thefe matters to confult the not J itfelf. 
There feems, no doubt, but that this cuftom of 
delivering t\itoraclisoi Apollo hom^ tripod ^ctA 
in the more retired and f acred part of the temple' 

Proceeded from whence Spanheim fuppofes : the 
loly of Holies was itfelf called the oracle^ and 
the judicious in the original language want not 
to be informed of the reafbn of that, tranflation 
which Spanheim produces, and wliich it would 
be too long for me to explain here : In the rft' 
book of Kings viii. 6. we read — " And the 
prieft brought in the ark of Ae covenant of the 
Lord unto bis place, into the oracle of the houfe, ' 
to the mod holy place^ even under the wfhgs of 
the cherubim.*' Where the word oracle in the 
original is "1^11, DeBIR, and in the LXX tranf- 
lation Aaj9i(> and in the text from Numberiy 
Jdofes is faid to go in njl^, LDeBeR, to 
J^eak to him, to confiilt the vracle. But hereih 
18 the principal point remarkable, that this oracfe 
was delivered from off the mercy-feat^ from tt-' 
tweeti the cherubim^ concerning which I have' 
juft fpoken in general in the hymn to Jupiter^ 
note 1 07. — ^Thefe cherubim were placed in thh 
moft hty place^ where none but the high prieft 
was permitted to enter, and he but once a year, 
and then not without blood and incenfe-*-in this 
fo facrcd a place were thcfe cherubim fituated, 
which were emblems or reprefcntatives of the di- 
vine znA Holy Ibree^ as may be proved by innu- 
inerablc arguments : upon which I cannot ftay 
now, intending only juft to hint to the curious 
reader, how cxaAly the devil aped this moft hal- 
lowed part of divine worfhip by his oracles^ de- 
Bvcred from a tripoay z three-fiotedfeaty fxtuatcd 



in the inner and mo(l fiicred part of his temple. 
And the particular of the inflation of thtpriejlefs^ 
her being fweUsd'zpA ihjpired by . the Wr, wilt: 
ftill, to the attentive reader, more confirm this 
folution of the matter, when he coniiders„ that 
all true #rtfr&x and prophecies proceed ffomthe 
infpiration of the Holy Gboft mny^M ay^m^ the 
holy air or fpirit. This the very learned and 
ingenious Spanheim deFivers zs his opinion of the 
origin of this cuftom ; and another thing which 
he bfarms us (nay, and of which he ham given 
us fome coins) is no lefs obferveable, that there 
were freq«entlv tripcdtzmongtt the antienis, with 
a ferpent rolled round them : fo that there he was 
worlhipped in his genuine form : and in confirma-^ 
tion of this we may ol>ferve, that y^olloj the God 
of the temple himfelf was called Python ; nay^ and 
moreover J as he tells us in this place, he had na 
tripod before this exploit of killing the ferpent 
Python ; whence we may obfervc in return, that 
there was no orack or cherubim before die 
promife to bruife the ferpenfs head; ' which * 
yet were immediately fet up, foon as that was 
neceflary to t^ done. See Gen, iii. 15, and 24. 
And concerning dib analogy I have fpoken ia* 
the ]r42d note of the hymn to Apollo :^ in fur- 
ther ^probf of what 'Was advanced there it may 
be neceflary here 'to iAAy ' that the' -name 
Python is diredly '/feirw from pTD, PO'HeNy, 
an afp or ferpent^ and a text where the word oc- 
curs, is by this Py/^^^liimfelf applied to our Sa- 
viour, S«*e Matt. Iv. 6, which refers to Pfalm xcu 
where we read iii die 13th vbrfe. ** Thou ftalt 
tread upon the lion, and ^rfi Python^ the adder or 
ferpent ;'* which hath an obvious and dire£^ ap- 
plication to this Heathen ftory otApoWs deftroy- 
ing the Python, The word occurs in the fame 
fenfe in many other texts, as you may fee in 
any Hebrew concordance. Lefgh, in his Critica 
Sacra upon the word, explains it, <• an afpe^ 
Co'ckaU'ijey or ^^ ferpent Python, called in He^ 
brew Pethen; which name noteth (by the con* 
trary) the unperfuadednefs which this Pfalnsi 
(the s8th) (hcweth to be naturally in that beaft. 
And fo the wicked have the title of awm^t, un^ 
perfwaded or difobedient. Tit, u 16." Vnde 
mvhifj (adds an atuhor quoted by Leigh) quippa 

qui 



THE HYMN TO D E L O S.* #or 

*• Their flimy length involving) tho*notyet 

* 'My darts have pierc'd the monfier : Hallow'd truths. '- 

<' Nathlefs, as from the Delphic laurel fiire, 

" Unerring hear me ipeak : Far off, far off :— 

*< Quick fhall I find thee : Quick my arrows wafh 120 

" In Theban blood : Thine is the impious race 

** Of that tongue-doughty woman ! Hence nof thou 

<< Profane, not thy Cithaeron fhall the birth 

** Of Phoebus hallow: Righteous is the God, 

" And on the righteous only fhines his favour.** 125 

He fpoke : And thence Latona wand'ring tum'd, 
Sad fighing to Theflalia : (Since in vain 
At Elice or Bura, and at all 

« 

Achaia's f^tes inhofpitable, fought 

The burdened mother entrance :) There alike 130 

Unfortunate fhe rov*d : Anaurus fled 

With great Larifla, and fam*d Pelion's mount : 

Even Peneus too his difregarding waves 

Roll'd 

qui ferpens fivi a/pis facer ejet Jpelllnij & per inthefe things will beft uflderftand^ and moft 

Iucm divinatkna oUm irtftituerentur. There is, readily excule the imperfeflion of my account, 

think, no doubt but the Greek verb meAtf^ u which is fcarcely any thing more than bare hints 

perfwadiy comes from ^HBt PeTHeN^ the great to raife the attention, and promote an enquiry 

original tw\\ perfwader ox Jeducer. into fuch fubje£ls amongft men far more able 

Thus as it £bouId feem, we have a complete and much more at leifure for them than my- 

and reafonable account of this tradition concern- felf. . I have forbore enlarging on the phyfical 

ing Apollo's killing the Python^ and delivering his folution which mythologifts give of this exploit 

oracles in the vdoU facred part of his temple, oi Jpolli%)s\\Y\Xi%i}\e Python^ becaufe itisfo uni« 

from a tripod. They who are moft convcrfant verfally mejitioned> fo well and jufUy applied. 



102 THE HYMN TO DELOS. 

RoU'd rapidly away thro* Tcmpc's vale. 

Nor touched companion thy rekntlefs heart 
Steadfaft in hate, dread Juno ; when ho: hands . 
In fupplicating fort extending wide, 
Latona thus befoiig^C the pitying nymphs : 
« Intreat, yc daw^tcrs of the flood, £air nymphs 
« Of Theflaly> try every blaiidijObdnaent, 
<« From Peneus, from your father to proouc 
" k birth-place for Jove's oflaprxng : Beg him ftay 
*' His mighty flood I— Ah Pcneua, wherefore fbivc 
*< Swift to outftrip the winged winds ? No race, 
*' No contefl: claims this^tecd : More ever thus 
^* Thy feet, the ground light-leaving ? or now £sA 
" Do terror and Latona bear thee on. 



'35- 



140- 



1+5 



U 



And 



Ver. 139. Itttreaty &c.] This whole fpeech 
of Latona to the nymphs is truly beautiful : the 



elegance of the expreffions and 



breaks in the fentences greatly 
author's judgment aiwl genius, 
in the original. 



the admirable 
cofumeod the 

The Jaft line 



isprculiar: the word i?/AOT0Jwi: refers to a com- 
monly received opinion amongft the atitients (of 
which you may read in Plinjr and other natu- 
ralifts) that the lioneA never brings forth but 
once, the parts neceffary to generation being 
always torn away through the viotence of her 
agonies in bringing forth : as their opinion fcems 
not founded in truth, I have ufed in the tranf- 
lacion, a word, which will either ferve that 
fenfe, or the general one, if this be not as re* 

r 



ported : the audior ufes the word Qikmi, (or th« 
proAice of the birth, and I beive endeavoured 
to retain his manner of expreffioa ; it i^ faid in 
the 39tb chapter of J^ ver. ^ of the wO^ 
goats of the f«ri, '* tiat they kring forth their 
young omsy they cajl out their firrows — and I 
obfervc, H\ tht Sipttkigmty the very fame worcf, 
which we have in CaUimachus^ is ufed-^OAlNAS 
h avrw i|«rori^M(y-nay, it is ufed three times 
in the compafs of three verfes : the mode of ex* 
prcffion being fo fimjiar, would incline one to 
believe that Calltmachtts borrowed it from the 
LXX tranflation, with which we muft remem^ 
bcr, he could not but be acquainted. Spanhcim 
obferves judicioufly from Bochart^ that this 
opinion of a lionefles never bringing forth but 
once is fufficiently refuted by thefacred Scriptures, 
particularly the 19th chapter of Exekiely and the 
zd chapter and ver. r2. of Nahunu 



THE HYMN T O D E L O S. 163 

" And to thy flight add wings ?— He hears me not, 
" Too abjed for regard \ Ah rae, my load^ 
*< Where fhall I bear thee? — For my flacken'd nerves 15^ 

^* And yielding iinews to the birth give place ! 
" Oh Pelion, happy Philyia*s retr^t, 
" Stop thou thy covtrCe : oh ftop : — ^Thou not receive 
" Jove's offspring,— when amidfl thy mountainous {hades 
" The famifh^d lioneis torn in labour £nds 155 

« Safe fhelter to cak forth her dolorous birth l" 

The piteous river-god uprear*d his head, 
Bedew'd with tears, and tenderly replied : 
« Heaven witnefs, oh Latond, I thy pangs 
** Behold not unregarding : But what power 160 

*' Than dire Neceffity more ftrong ? Thefe waves 

« Thou 

Ver. 161. Neuffityy &c.] The antients had Re has weff obferved too, that in the laft lin* 
aniverfally this opinion of Nectffitjy that the of this Q>eech there feems a contradiAion ; for 
was the itrongeft of the deities, nay, and even b«w fliould Latoiut implore the affiftance c& 
liiperior to Jnv : of whom Or^^Awfiys, Lucintty when as yet, £he was not born, fince 

Diana and Lmcituu as is univerfally aereed, were 
A^ rat A^, m^m M,cm^ ^ f^^ , >I^j, jj^^^j^^ .^ folded by Pau/a^ 

Dreadfixl Necejity commands and gtvemi aO. nias, who tdls iis, that there was another Luctna., 

Frijihlin,, prettily enough obferves, that in tbia *?"** /'°", ^^T* Si t^*^' «!JT ' 
refolulion of pJuu raTher to fufer every «vU 7"° f^T'^ /^ w^'^"^k! h™- « 
which 7«w could ifflia, tbanbafely to defer* . '^2'!,''' ^" ^^' t^'"^' wli^^ ' 
a frien/in the utmoftSlrefs and Lohy, we ,^•'^ " repfgente L«««« a. detamed by Jun. 

havetbepiaureofago^lmao, whofbyn* ^'^/*=T^i'T' ^'"^\^^ ^^ '^^^ 

menaces, IvUs, or dan^ fuffex^ himfelf I b. »•?'*' PT^c^^ ^T/^l^ ^^ l!"tft ^ 

moved f cm h« fteady^urpofe of honefty and P*"**?" "» *^ ^'^' **V** ^^(^^ cu 
yj^jyg. 7 f t^ / ««• na^ft ,„ travaJ : aay, and 7«»» hcrfclf was £»id 

lb to do. — June Lucina, jfer tpem, we read in 

Si frailus illubaturerhitj Terenct. But the antient fables are ftrangely 

Impavidum feritnt ruinte, ' mixed. Sec hymn to X>/ff»0, note 310. 



I04 THE HYMN TO D E L O S. 

" Thou know*ft to other births have oft Aipplied 

" Ablution grateful : But who dare defy 

" The thund'ring threats of heav*ns avenging queen ? 

" View from yon mount how dread a centinel 165 

** Frowns, menacing deftru^on, who with eafe 

** Cou'd totally fubvert my deep foundation ? 

** What wilt thou then ? — Say, can it pleafe thy foul 

** That wretched Peneus perifh ? Be it fo : 

" Let come what will come: Gladly for thy fake 170' 

" Even I will fuffer : Tho'- of ftreanjs moft mean^ 

*• I fteal along contemn*d, or quite forgot 

** My weed -grown channel mourn for ever dry. 

** Come then — what more remains? Invoke Lucina,** 

Speaking, he ftop'd his rapid current. M^RS 175 

Plucked from its roots Pangaeus, and uplifts 

The 

Ver. 175. Mgrs^ &c.] I fhould pay an ill An exceDent criticifm on which the reader wiU 

compliment to the reader's judgment to obferve find in Mr. AddiforC% papers on Milton. — It 

the poetical and obvious beauties of this paflage : mav be necefiary to remark in explanation of the 

I fliall only produce a few lines from Milt9n% aAion mentioned hy our author, that ftriking 

which I have bad an eye to in the trajiflatton, the fliidd with the fpear amongft the foldiers 

the excellence and fiiUimity of which dcferve was formerly a marie of anger : which is well 

all praife : illuftrated by thefe words of Amm. MarceUtnus^ 

Pae. Lost, b. i. rtr. 643. 

Jvamdnpti 



THEIHYMN TO.DBLOa. 105 

The mighty mountain by its fhaggy tofi. 

About t* o*erwhehn the fiood : Yet iirft his looice 

Horribly ftem loud thundered frcni aloft j;^ . 

And ftruck with pond'mus knoe, lii& Itfazen ihidid 186 

Rung with rough ckngof joining i Qfia's mount 

With the Cranonian fields, asi^I^indui' 4aies 

Refunded treml^g : All 'Hie^lla > 

Aftonifh'd at the noiib tui»ultuoti» IhooL- . 

As when the giant {hifts his.w«ary Kide, t%^ 

Briareus, troubled EJOi^% gr<»aning' mount 

(His torturing load) diftutb'd in esu^h reosfi 

Roars to its fiery center :' AHo'ertum'd, 

Vul-. 

Jucundaque Martis - Her ihatter'd tntrails- wid# th« mountaia 

Cemimusy infonuit cumverbenfigna magiJhrT throws, 

Mutatvfque edunt parittr M^$&Qra motus^ . And deep as hell her burning cintir glows. 

In lotus adlifis Cljrpeis, ant rurfuM ih ObwrL . .Oa yaft MrtidadHs this poini^rouf load . \ 

Vihratis ; gravs parma fonat Mucronis acutum Was thrown in vengeance by the thnnd'ring 

Murmur. • God : 

Who pants beacathjthe mountain and expires 

where, zs Spanheim well obferves, iSbls^ Martis. T^irouehppenings huge the fierce tempeftuous 

4idlifa'dypiisy zxtA Mucrms acutum murmur^' - firisV '.'... 

are excellent explanations of the Gntt poet Oft as hejhifts his fide, the caverns roar, -| 

Ver. 189. Js fvbenj itc.] The beft comam)-* ^ r Wi^iiMieakfdiflime the ikies are cover*d I 

tary upon this paffage that I can think of, is the ^ o'er, f 

following defcription from the 3d Mneiti6i - AndallTr/'/Mcrinfliak^fromflioretoihore. J 

PirgiLi. sji. Pitt. 

Horriicis juxta tmiat MtMk rniJ^iis^ ^ : Tho oritic?! reader will find an excellent de- 

• ^- * face of this paflfcgfc^m^f.7'rj;^s'ndte»;^ Andi 

fiut iArna roars with dreadful ruins nigh, <| I fuppofe hi$ criticifm upon mutat is perfe<^ly 
Now hurls a burfting cloud of cinders high, t eftablifhed by Callimacbus his •— m( trtpiv tw^i^im 
Involved in fmoaky whirlwinds to the iky : 3 KinyMvtio.<-»which is exa£lly VirgiPsffffum quottes 
With loud difplofion to the ftarrv frame, . itiutat lutus : of Vvlcan^s works in mount Mtna^ 
Shootr fiery globes, and furious floods of flame :^ the overtummg of which our poet mention*, 
. Now from her bellowing caverns burft away' VirgiltL^zxn^ in his 8th AEn. fpcaks> a^ quOMl^- 
Vaffpilesofmelted rocks in opcftdafi * hymn to fWinw vcn 68i ■ 

P 



ro6 THE HYMN TO DELOS. 

Vulcanian forges, Tripo^Sy mafly works ... 

Harfli clafli together iallmg : Frooi' the God's.: . , 190 

Terrific Shield like diTcord rang. Nought tnoy'd ; . 

Firm to his purpofe Peneus ilood refolv'd. 

And ftop'd his rapid current; whein the God 

In grateful fort Latona (iilis addreft;:. 

" Refl fafe, kind Peneus; deein not, ought of ill 195 

« That thou for me fhalt fuffer : Nor fhall thus ' 

*• With ruin thy compaflioh be repay *d : 

" Refl fafe; thy merit fhall not want reward/' 

So faying, various toils meao.tim^endur'd, • 

The fea~girt ifles fhe fought, fuccefslefs^ftill; . 200 

Not even Corcyra's hofpitable fhores, 

Nor fam'd for friendly ports th* Echinades 

Dare give the wanderer entrance : F'rom the brow 

Of lofty Mimas Iris poiir'd her threats, 

And every ifland trembling heard^and fled. . 205 

And now prepared Chalciope's retreat 

Old Meropeian Cos, to feek : thus fpoke 

Her fon's command prohibiting : " Not here 

"My 

Ver. 208. Net btre, ice.} We oiay admire hymns to Jupiter and Apolbi yet we cannot but 
the addrefe and elegance of die poet in thefe de- ibnd amazed at the gro^s ablurdi^ of the hea- 
licate and refined compliments, which we fee thens, worfhipping, addreffing and adoring thefe 
he takes eveiy opportunity to pay bis prince. See poor periihi]^ .Icings as Gwl»->9i«( «m«(— oay, 

to 



THE HYMN TO DELOS* 107 

*^ My mother, muft thy fon be bom : thefe climes 

** Tho' I nor diikpprove, as amply crown'd 210 

** With golden plenty : nor envy the renown 

<* Of thy Apollo's birth. But from the Fates 

<< To thefe bleft realms another God is due» 

** Of the great Soter race the brighteft ftar, 

" Immortal Phikdelphus ; at whofe throne 21 J 

** Shall either continent and every ifle, 

** (Far as from whence up the high fteep of heav*n 

" The fiery couriers bear the Sun's bright car, 

" To where i' th' weftem world their journey ends) 

Nought mutmur to bow down, and nought refufe 220 

To own that Macedonian's iway, whofe foul 
<* Shall bright refled his godlike father's virtues. 
« Hereafter fhall a common contcft daim 
^' Our force united : when from th' utmoft weft 
" Another race of Titans fhall fpring forth, .... 225 

<< In multitude like flcaks of falling fhow, 



i< 



u 



<c 



Or 



to tJicfe Ptvlmtes^ we arc informed, divine rm^, by Soter,,: ^tumS^iour* When Calli- 
worOiip was paid, and flatteries beyond imagi- machus^ fpeaks of either continent, ver. 216. 
nation fulfome. I have, for a very obvious rea- ofif orign Mwroywa, he fpeaks agreeable to the 
fon given in the 214th line, totheori^nal fcntiments of the antients, who divided the 

world into two piarts AJia and Europe. Con- 
SAOTHPON i;ir«Toi y.»o«. ctxmng this prince , the reader will hear more 

the turn ofa proper name or appellation, chafing -ih the Encomium of Tb^^crftus'y which 1 ha^c 
xather, and I think more juftly, to render S^m*- given purpofely to explain thefe pafiages. 

Pa 



lofj THE HYMN rra DEL qb:- 

' Or as th« (brs tlul: in die jediec £8e4 \ . ' 

innumerable — ^flailiiiigidir^ p'crOrepAfi'fealmB j 

< The fword barlianaa $ asd the Celtic ^ffara • . > . 

< In all his fury roufiogi knid lamenU> 830 

< From Delphic tQWfits, and Uxaaat bofitkmootB^ . 
« From fields Criff^pan, Aod each ibte alftrm'd, 

< Bhall eccho round : the neighbour fwaim ihall view 

* Th' adjoining harvefts blft2&e-^'»«nd fcarody fmw 

* Ere the di^voyring iifc fl»U fetae their own* ^35 

* Now fhall they fee, with horrible difinay, 

* The hoflik phalanx round my temjdes marfhall'd : 

* Now, midft my holy tripods, helms and fhiekk 

* And all the bloody implepicnts of w«r, 
*• Unhallowed and abominable ! Quiie 240 

< Of future defblation to the throng, 

<« Mad 

Yen 226. Or a$y &c.] Tfa^ or^^nal i^ tbat the flam were itA and tipportod b^ the 

tf/r, and the feveral moiftures exhaled from 

«— HM-ofitiM* thocaxthaodfea. See hymaloi>i«jM^ note 251* 

T«ei«r, vrMMbvpMirttjtar' iii{« Boww>i«»t»»* where we find that notion applied even to the 

tin. »ir , ^ . , « ,^ , A&d». Lucretius confirms this, by faying^ 

Where, as Madam Z)jn^ has well obfervcd, Unde JEther /dera p2icit Concerning the re- 

the word B«i«aXiorr«> b well explained by Hrgtl. markable hiftorical event, fo elegantly intro- 

Polus dumjukra pafcit. ^"^ ^Y,"^ ^^"^^ ,^d .^ wch u^ the 

JEn, 2. honour of his prince, hiitonans ace copious^ 

* * fo that it would be fuperfliious to fpeak of it 

i^ which flic obfervcs, it is c/rte certius^ that here: the reader may confult either J«/?/ff or 

f^irgil had his eve oa thie paflage of Callima- Paufanias amongft the antients, or amondl the 

€^. Wc muft remember in exiJanation gf moderns, our late excellent Vmvrrfii Hifiorj^ 

1k^«^Amp9# thfttA^aiitkntiWfcafttc^^ whm b« will be fully iatisfiedi* 



THE HYMN TO DELOS. 109 

" Mad to profane Af ollo*s facred feat 

" And wage vain war with heaven ! Of thofe arms 

*' Part for my prize I claim : and part, great king, 

<* Thy labours fhall reward : all thofe that ftrew 245 

<* The bloody banks of Nile, fall'n from the hands 

*' Of vanquifh'd owners, breathing out their fouls 

*' In fire and wild confufion ! thefe ihall be 

** The meed of thy illuftrious toils ! iuch truths 

Prophetic I pronounce : in after times, 259 

Thou, Ptolemy, {halt grateful honours pay : 
" And blefs the unlxHii augur of thy fame. 
Thou too, oh mother, aid the ^cred purpofe : 
0*er the rough waves a well-known iiland roams ; 
Yet unconfin'd, like flower of Afphodel 255 

« -That yeilds to every blaft, it wanders wide, 
■* As winds and waves direft its doubtful coiufc. 



<( 



<c 



« 



« 



Boreas 



Ver. 254. (y*r, &c.] Madam Dader, in her Hmtr't Odyffejr, ruficiemly expltm Ac de- 
notes, gives us die following andent epigram fcripdon and account given of the ifland by 
vpon Dtht : CaUimathut. 

DeUsJamJaiiii rnuMaattrrd, ^ ^^ ^ j,,^ ^^. j^ 

l^JX^lZl^tS^^o Andnowtherouth,and«>wthenonhbe^. 

M^MluGjaroligaviu iUac ^"Z^ «« wet-wmd whirb u o^er the I 

Cmp0»aA^cm»dMtU«endam. *- FoFt b. 5. ver. 420. 
This epigram^ ^iHtb die foOowins luKs ftwn 



no THE HYMN TO D E L O S. 

" Boreas or Aufter, or th* uncertain flood. 
** Thither thy burden bear : the willing ifle 
" Shall to Latona gladly grant admittance." 
He faid : the ifles retiring fought their place 
Obedient to his word j Afteria then, 
Of hymns divine regardful, to behold 
The facred choir of Cyclades, came down 
In happy hour from fair Eubaea's coafls, 
EnQumber'd in her courfe with burdening weeds 
From rough Geraeftus gathered : in the midft 
She flood : and with a generous pity touch'd 
At fair Latona*s forrows, quick confum'd 



260 



265 



270 
The 



Ver. 263. Afteria^ &c.] The original is, 

AAX tT> roi fAiroTi^Si Ttfavfiw mwito ^vno^, 

of which I have given the beft tranflation I was 
able : though I am by no means dear in the 
fenfe of this moft difficult and perplext paf- 
fage : it has been too hard for all the commen** 
tators, who cannot tell what to make of the 
nEPlKAIEO nTPl, Its burning round with fr^f 
which conjumed this fea-weed, ♦wo? •»» «»t«^Xi- 
|«i. Spdnheim has given fome of the beft hints 
towards its explications which I will extraAfrom 
^him, and then we ihall be the better enabled 
*to judge: << A learned Man thinks, fays he, 
that this is fpoken in allufion to the barrennefs 
and badneis of the foil in Delos^ ice* But that 
this cannot be the meaning of the words fuffi- 
cicntly appears from the reafon (which is imme- 
llia^ely added) of this weed's being burnt up by 

3 



Delos; namely, becaufe the ifland burnt all 
around with fire, beholding the pangs of Latona^ 
&c. •«» offOMftM mvfi, &c. In that therefore, from 
Callimachus himfelf it is plain, the whole reafon 
of the thing is placed : Delos amongft its antient 
names, fuch as Afteria^ Ortygia^ &c.^ (of which 
we have fpoken before) was formerly called 
alfo Pyrpoles or Pyrpiles^ fire being firjl invented 
or found out tbere according to Pliny^ and fo 
Soltnus fays, that it was called Pyrpole^ quoniam 
W ignitabula ibi ^ ignis inventu funt. To 
which antient name oi Delos ^ and this account 
of its original, Callimachus undoubtedly refers in 
this place ; where he fays, that all ^^feaweed 
brought with Afteria or Delos from Qerajius^ a 
promontory of Euhaa^ was burnt up by it, be- 
caufe tn^iJMiio wpt, quandoquidem igne Jlagraret 
circumquaque^ Vc, and not referring to this 
account of Plinf% and of Solinusy has been the 
reafon why fo many learned men have been 
unable to clear up the pafTage." • So far Span- 
biim; the reader may remember th^t in a former 
note (note 61.} it was obferved from SoUnusj 

« that 



THE HYMN TO DELOS. 



Ill 



(C 



« 



The weeds impeding : for indignant flames 
Burnt round her fliores, the iufFering pangs to view 
Of female anguifli : " Wreak, dread queen, (he cried, 
" Oh Juno, wreak on me, what vengeance beft 
Shall fuit thy ibul : thy threats (hall not difarm 
My honeft purpofe : come, Latona, come : 
" Afteria, waits thee gladly." Thus her toils 
The wifh'd for end obtain'd : befide the banks 
Of deep Inopus (whofe proud current wells 
Moft rapid, when from Ethiopia's rocks 
The Nile defcending deluges the land :) 
Her wearied limbs fhe lay*d, the crowded zone 
Unloofing ; while againft the facred palm's 



275 



280 



Sup- 



*• that Debs^ after the great deluge, was firft of 
all the places of the earth illuminated by the rays of 
thfe Sun, and thence had the name Delos** Now 
it is not impoffible that in this intricate paflage, 
there is fome phyfical allufion to fomething of 
this fort ; for as Delos was the birth-place of the 
Sun^ Jphllo^ it may properly enough be faid to 
hum around with fin : and as the folar fire 
purges and deftroys all corruptible and noxi- 
ous principles, and promotes vegetation, there 
may poffibly be ibme allufion hereto in its 
burning up and confuming the fea-weed. And 
we may remember Delos^ though barren before 
Apollo was born in it, afterwards became re- 
"mtrkably plentiful and fruitful. I obferved, 
that in this whole affair of Latona*^ perfecutiony 
&c. there was a manifeft allufion to natural 
things ( note 81. ) Phumutus confirms that 
opinion, who makes Latona to ftgntfy the night 
or dark Cbaos^ from whom by Jupit^ the ^ethe* 



real fire fprung Apollo and Diana ; as the reader 
will find at large in the conclufion of this hymn : 
and a note in the appendix on this pafTage will 
perhaps fet it in a clearer light. 

Ver. 283. Palms J &c.J Concerning^ this 
palm- tree at DeloSy fo famed for its antiquity, 
you may read in almoft every claffic writer : why 
it was peculiarly dedicated to Apollo was ob- 
ferved in the hymn to that deity, note 5. and it 
deferves particular attention in confirmation of 
what was faid there, that the mother of the God 
of light fhould recline againjf this tree^ and be 
hcrieK fupported by that which is the emblem of 
fupport. Some have faid, that Jpo/lo was 
brought forth between an olive-tree and a palm^ 
a tradition remarkable enough: Ovid men- 
tions it. 

JJlic incunAens cum PALLADIA ARBORE 

PALMJE 
^^Edidit incita geminos Latona naverea. 



112 THE HYMN TO DELOa 

Supporting trunk reciin'd, with bittorcft pangs 
She groan'd diftr^fl; ; and big cold drops difliird 
Adown her fainting body to the ground. 
Breathlefs amidft her throes, *^ My fon, fhc cried, 
^^ With intermitted fervency^ ah why 
^^ Thus grieve thy tortur'd mother ? when to thee 
*'^ A kindly iile the wiih'd reception grants : 
^^ Be born, be born, and eafe thy' mother's pangs." 

But long the deed from Juno to conceal 
^Twere vain to hope : fof txenxbiing with the tdb 
Her watchful Iris fled, and while hex brestft 
Big pants with confcious fear > " Oh queen^ ihc crkd^ 



285 



390 



295 
Oft 



We fee there is no menti9n made of Diata^ 
who according to her own, account (Hymn to 
Diana ver. 34.) was brought forth without any 
pain to her mother : the difficulty was to bring 
forth the Sun^ the Moon lives but from him, if 
we may fo fay. The defcription of this labour 
of Latona has juftly obtained univerfal praifes. 

Ver. 295. Oh queen^ &c.] The excellence of 
Callimachus in keeping up the characters of his 
feveral perfonages is much to be admired, and 
it will appear by no means in a better light^ 
than by comparing the condudl oi Mars on the 
reception which Peneus was about to give to 
Latona^ and this of /m, on AJieria^^ re- 
ceiving her: the fpeech of /m is very excel- 
lent, and the art of her addrefs much to be 
commended. We may juft obferve our au- 
thor's philofophical accuracy in thus appropri- 
ating IRIS or the Rainbow to Juno or the yfir : 
Hoimr, in his hymns, makes Iris a friend of 
Laiona'Sy as does Lucian in his dialogues. But 
** CalUmatbus^ fjiys FrifchUmt^ r«fp«^ the 
thf nature of the air^ in which the Rainkow', 



Trls is reprefented : for by Juno nothing cUe is 
underflood than the AIR^ as the name in the 
Gr^^>^ proves, for HP A (Juno) by Metathfts^ 
is AHr, the Air.^* But we may obferve, that 
Homer is not far from the philofophical truth, 
lince we all. know, that the rainbouf is produced 
by the aififtance of the Sun^ and therefore, lA 
his hymn, he mig^t properly enough make Jrii^ 
the rainbowy a friend to the mother of the Stifu 
Concecnbg this phaenomenon the writings of 
all the philofophers are full; and divines too> 
are i)ot wanting, who explain to us this 
fymbal of grace given to Noaby and g^lorioMd|r 
diiplayed around the h«ad of the Rtdntwr. S^ 
E%Ak. i. 28. and Rev. iv. 3. 

The ilinile which the reader finds after tliift 
fpeech of /r/x, deferv^ particular attenttoiu 
The micat auribus of Firgil^ in. his £ioied' do* 
fcnption of the horfe^. fc^nsa borr.qirQd.&om tfait 
paflage of CaIUma£bust 



The 






THE HYMN T O D E L O 8. irj 

<< MajefHc, all-ador'd, whole pow*r fupreme 
«* Not I alone, but all confeTs: of Jieav*n 
** Dread emprefs thou,, fifter and fpoufe of Jove 5 
*^ Nor fear we ought from other female hand ! 
** Yet for thy rage hear caufe : Latona*s birth 309 

<* A little ille preiumptuous dares admit I 
« The reft all fled : but this, of all leaft worth, 
** Afteria fweeping refufe of the main, 
*^ Even this invited, this received thy foe I 
<< Thou know'ft the reft : but pais not unreveng*d 305 

<* Their Quarrel, who o*er earth thy mandates bear.** 
Speaking (he fate beneath the golden throne : 
And as a faithful dog, when from the chace 
Diana refis, fits watchful at her feet. 

While ftill ered its iharp ears lift'ning ftand, 31O 

And wait each whifper of her voice : fo fiite 
Thaumantian Iris : nor when fleep itfelf 
Spreads o'er her weary lids his downy wings. 
Her duty ought foregoing : by the throne 
Her head fhe leans reclining, and thus laid 315 

Oblique, 

The poets generally aiGgn wings to fleep as of Stmnus Aiatust the God of fleep with winp. 

here, ver. 3 1 3. but wherefore, is not fo which is extremely curious, and well explains 

eenerally underftood : by referring to Span- the expreffion of wingti. See aUo Sftiia's Pt- 

itim'i note on die place, you will find a fine image fynutisy PI. 76. Fig. a. 



'ij4r THE HYMN TO DEL OS/ 

Oblique, fliort flumbcr and di{lurb*d flie fliares ; 
Her circling zone not daring to unbrace, 
Nor loofe the winged (andals from her feet. 
Left fudden Juno's word fhou'd claim her fpecd. 

But, warm refentment rifing in her breaft, 320 

Thus Juno vents her ire : " In fort like this 
" Ye vile reproaches of licentious Jove, 
" May ye in fearful fecrecy conceive 
** And thus in fecret fliame produce your births \ 
"*• Nor find a fhelter to conceal your pangs, 325 

" Bafe as receives the verieft abjedk wretch 
" Of human racei birth-tortur'd : but on rocks 
*^ And defart cliffs unpity'd, unreliev'd, 
" Thus like the monftrous Phbe» yean your brood* 
' . "And 

Vcr. 321: In forty &c.] I have bccnobfigcd tron^p^ fed in drvertualis li tufirU edunty turpL 
to take a lai^er compafs than is quite proper to tudim fu^e latibula quaritantes. Cujus ni ex^ 
explain clearly the author's meaning in this empla qui nulla babenl^ Juvenaknu Satyr. 6. 
place, which is difficult to be come at, and as Ugant*^ The lines foflowing, wherein Juno ad- 
it fecms to me not perfeftly underftood by any dreffes Afteriay clear the fenfe, and ihew, that 
of the commentators: I undkrftand it in the it is an execration,- which at firft.fhe vents 
fenfe of an execration, and fo do not read the againft all the concubines of Joviy wiibing 
paflage, as is generally done, with an interroga- ^%V[i fuch a birth-place, as this wretched rocky 
tion i and herein Stepbins direfted me the way. defolate ifland of Dehs. I am not unaware, 
^ . that the learned Spanheim underftands thefe 
Ovta; ruTy u ZqMf amita, ueth ya/MOMrdt lattec lines fomewhat differently ; but I think it 
A»0^»<^«»> Ti«Toiri Mix^vid,ia9». will appear to the judicious reader, that I have 

united, or rather comprehended both fenfes of 

Jtaj O Jovis opprohtia^chndeflin2isnuptiffs ci" the author in the tranflation; which yet if I 

kbretis^ W in occulto pariatis / — Frifchiinus have miftaken, in fo obfcure and contefted a 

obferves, << Notat meritricum partus clantUfiinosy point, i% cannot be Wondercd, and wiU readily be 

quos ilia nonin c<etu faminaruniy ut honefia ma- cxcufed. 



<c 



THE HYMN TO DELOS. 115 

*< And Aire Afteria's favour to my foe 330 

** Cannot much roufe my vengeance : fince her fhores 

** Barren and defblate can but afford 

** A wretched hofpitality I Yet prone 

" To fury tho' I were, this woti'd difarm 

My fleadiefl purpofe, that her virtue fcorn*d, 335 

** Tho' courted, to afcend my (acred bed, 
** And to Jove's arms preferred the briny deep.** 
She fpoke : when from Padolus* golden banks 
Apollo's timeful fbngfters, fhowy fwans. 
Steering their flight, feven times their circling courfe 340 

Wheel round the ifland, caroling mean time 
Soft melody, the favourites of the Nine, 
Thus ufhering to birth with dulcet founds 
The God of harmony : and hence fev'n (brings 
Hereafter to his golden lyre he gave : ^45 

For 

Ver. 339. SncfVf Jivansy ice] I have before of the number feven^ and we Ihallfee the whole 

obferved^ that fwans were dedicated to j/j^9//9> and myftery^ remeitibring that the original /£r^ma 

hinted at theonlv probable reafon I can find for it. yjltff {ignifics pitfe^i&n ^ni fulne/sj as well aa 

j(See hymn to Jpoilloj note 94.) and am pleafed to Jiven. jfpoUo*s lyre confifted of fetfin firings : 

find that able tnytholoff^rhumtaus^ confirm my Lyra Apollinis cbordamm fepiitn (fays Macr^^ 

opinion. Ai« nrro «aft >ipo( avrv t^ KTKNOX, Ty biuSy bit A. I* c. IQ.) tot ccelifiium Jpbitrarum 

fufo-maTarot, luu AETKOTATON ayL» Mrai rtn opNMr. motus frafiot intilltgiy quihus Jhlem miderat$rem 

.** For this reafon is the fwan facred to Jpol/oy natura eonjlttuit. And as this lyn reprefents 

becaufe it is the mofl mufical and mofl white the feven fphercs, the harmony of which the 

.of all birds.** See c. 32. As to the other parts Sun regulates and condu£b, hence we fee 

of this defcription they are fo clear, I fuppofe, plainly the original of the A^in9i^»y of the y^^«r 

they need 'no explanation : we have only to re- fo much talked of. • • 
fer to the beginning of things, and xht perfeSliQn Q^ 2 



11^ THE HYMN TO DEL03. 

For ere the eighth loft concert was begun, 
He iprung to birth — the Delian nymphs aloud ^, 

All grateful to Lucina tun'd the l^rmn^ 
The facred fong rejoicing ! iEdier hears 

And from his brazen vault tetdrns the k/and 3150 

iExulting ; perfect glory reign'd 1 and JdVE 
Sooth'd even offended Jono, ^t no ire 
Might damp the genVd joy, when Sol was bom* 
Then, Delos, thy foundatioas all became 
Of pureft gold : the citding lake> the flood 3155 

Of deep Inopus rio^ird tjbe Splendid ore 
Adown their gUttering'fbeamst and golden fruit 
On golden ftems thy faVour'd olive bore. 
Thou too from off the golden foU uprais*d 
The new-bom God, and fondling in thy breaft 360 

-^Aius fpoke; — '' See thou,' X)h earth, -fo richly blefl, 
** Thou fertile continent, and ye full ifles 
<^ Who boaft fuch numerous altars,, fhrines, and flates,. 

« lam 

Ver. 3^4. Thifi^ &c.} /&iwr gives the laoie jfyolU from the grdimd^ the golden foil; upon 

account of this aflFaiff and tells us, that all be- which Spanheim obferves, that it was always 

came goUen at Deks upon the birth x>f the Sun ; ufual to lay infants, when firft bom, upon the 

'no difficult nutter to account for, efpecially if we earth, by which they acknowledged it the com-' 

refer to the hymn to ApoRo^ ver. 52, and note, mon paront and nourijber : after which they were 

Callimachus iays, that the iiland Delo$^ took taken up and delivered to the parents* 



THEHYMNTODELOS. 117 

<< I am that poor uncultivated ifle 

" Dei|)is'd and barren j yet obferve, from me 365 

" Delian Apollo fcorns not to receive 

*^ An honoured name : and hence no o^er clime 

•* From any God fhall equal favour ihare : 

*' Not Cenchris by her Neptune fb belov*d, 

" By Hermes nor Cyllene : nor by Jove 370 

<^ lUuflrious Crete : as Delos, happy ifle 

•* By her Apollo: fteadfaft in his love 

** Here will I fix, and wander hence no more." 

She fi)oke ; and to the God, her fnowy breafl 

Unfolding, gave fweet nurture : o*er the babe 575 

Enamoured fmiling with paternal love : 

Hence, 

Ver. 374. Htr frowy hrtafiy &c.] Hnrur, who, according to Pbdareby averred that the 
in hU hymn to Jptlie, gives a very different ac- Sun was nouriuied and even kindled by the fta." 
count of this matter, informing us, that Jptlh, So hi Spartbeim, in which he refers to that 
immediately after his birth, was not fed with curious treatife of Piittarib's, n>;i l^^iioc ««•• 
milk like other infants ; but had tuff or and Onpiibf , whieb is rendered inco Engltjh by Dr. 
amhrtfia., the meat and drink of the Gods, im- Squirty in whofe tranflation, p. 14. we read- 
mediately brought him by Tbemis : *♦ Nor can we fuppofe it their opinion, that the 
Ovi mfA*<Mm»j(fofm»f» 9i^«t« M«T«p, , Sun, like a ntw-bmm infiuit, fprings up every 
iuout 9ifiK nwrof 1* ueu ofifffovtm tfafnai» day afrefli out of the httts plant. It is true 
AtMst^M Xff"' «r«fS«r*' x<x(* ^ Awtm, indeed they do charaderife the rijing-fun in 
Nor milk to Pbabui with his golden locks ?" TT') ^.*" *«^r"<?n «> 'hat th.7 may 
Did fair Utona give : but Tli^ brought •'"^^'^ "^ »° M»' *•"* '\ ''^M' »<> ^"ch 
Tohisimmortalhandstheheav^nlyf|>d we owe the firft Wm^ of th« luminary." It 
Ofdeities-ambrofiaandneaarijoy f\ '^ ^'^ the read«-s while, defirou. of 

FiDM bis glad mother. '' ^ 5!'**!;Tr''!!?™*'2*l*^K '•T'*'*"""' '°"*' 

» the whole treatife. And by the way we may 

<^ Becaufe, probably, the Am or ApMo^ as the obferve^ that the word &/tff is derived from the 

prdiucer and nourijber of all things on earth, fame Hehrew word as Latmoy Lot, &c. — a& 

cannot be fupportsd by taribly aliment, but noted, ver. i8. of this hymn : % remark worth 

heavenly only. To fay nothing of the Suics^ the reader's attention. 



ii8 THE HYMN TO DELOS. 

Hence, holieft of iflands, thou waft calFd 
The nurfe of Phobbus : privileged from death, 
From bloody Mars, and wild Bellona's wafte, 
Who ne'er deftrudive tread thy hallow'd plains. 
But from the fubjed world primitial tenths 



» 



38P 



Are 



.- V«r. 378. Privileged from deaths &c.] It 
^as iievcr permitted any perfon to die, or to 
bring forth, in Delos ; and the great veneration 
paid to the ifland by the whole world preferved 
it from the danger of war. Whenever any 
were fick they were carried into a little ifland 
juft by, called Rhenea, where they buried. And 
to this our author allu4cs in the lines above. 
Frlfcbllnus remarks a faying of Paufanhs^ the 
fon of CUombrotus^ to this purpofe : who replied 
to the Delians upon a difpnte between them and 
the jfthenlans^ concerning the property of the 
iflc, when they obferved this particular that no 
i^oioen were delivered, nor dead buried, in 
their ifle. — *^ How then can this be your 
country, in which no one of you had) haen^ nor 
will here^ter hi ?'' In qua neque fuit quifquam 
liejirum^ tuque futurus eft ? 

Ver. 381. But primitial tenths^ &c.] Calli- 
nfachus here informs us of a very remarkable 
particular in the worfhip of Apollo^ « the fend- 
ing him the firjl- fruits and tenths by every na- 
, jtion in the world, and from the inhabitants of 
every part of the globe," to eacjti of which the 
influence of th^ Sua extends, and from all of 
which at this birth-place of his he demanded, 
;and obtained, an acknowledgment o/his univer- 
S?X dominion. It appears impoffible ito give any 
tolerable fulution of this cuftom, unlefs we re- 
. fer to the Sun^ and his universal influence^ The 
c^ftom'of jpfferingyfr/?-yr«//; is, without doubt, 
extremely antient, prior to M^fi^y ^uid as old as 
the fall : whpn Qpln brought of the fruit of ipe 
■ground, and Jhel of th^ frfilings of his fiojsk : 
the one a ijpodj^^ ^nd fv> an acceptable facriiice ; 
the pther only of thpfru.'t of the ground^ citrfed 
and not rideenud. And in reference to this 
Jp>looc)y pfTcring, the learned commentators upon 
our author obferve, that gi the original therp is 



mention of more than the (heaves, and therefore 
I have tranflatcd it (ver. 390.) 

The hdy flieayes and mjftic offerings bear. 
Of furroi wai>M^v n xuu m^ l^y^io^ wftnpi 

In thefe facred handfuls, 'or bundles of com, 
they aver, that the bloody oflFeHng was wr^- 
ped up to preferve it, which b confirmed by a 
paflage from Herodotus, who fays, that the 
Delians fpeak of IPA w^cli/Mfa u jukXa/aji wv^ t| 
Tre^egiMF ft^9[Uf», ^-^facred things hound up in a 
Jheaf of wheat, brought by the Hyperboreans^* 
upon which Spanheim addi, that IPA is com- 
monly ufed for vl£fims that are oflFered in fa- 
crificc, or forj)arts of them (««r«fX»K) y&^- 
fruits. ' The reader will find much to this pur- 
pofe in the notes of that learned commentator : 
the cuftom however feems from hence fufiiciently 
pl^in, and, with 9 xefe^rence ^o the firjl-lings^ 
and firjt-fruits mentioned in fcj'ipture, eafy to be 
refolved : fince thefe were payed to the Sun, the 
emblem of the true Sun of Righ^eouihefs^ who 
vfzsfacrlficed for Acjins of the whole world, tbc 
fr/i'horn of every creature, and the firjl-frulfs 
of the dead. In a work called Blhllotheca Bi- 
hllca, printed at Oxford, many hijits of this 
kind are fujly explained ; the reader, amongft 
other p^rts, may poijfult vol. 3. p, 42. Span- 
heim obferves, that this univerfal regard and 
tribute, paid by a}l nations to Jpollp or the Sun, at 
Delos, was fomething fimilar to the veneration 
paid to the the temple of thefrv^ Sun at Jerufalem 
by all the Jews, inhatbiting every part of the globe. 
See his note. And when the light of the world 
was horn, Hfikfujin from the mofl diftant parts, 
led by his Jlar, czfnc to zvorjhlp him and to pre- 
fcnt their ^/yi; .an^ offerings^ the frfi fruits of 
tfe? gcntilcj^ 



THE HYMN TO D E L O S. 

Are fent to Delos : while each pious ftate 

Unites with facred joy to celebrate 

The genVal feaft 5 Hates flowing from each clime 

Of the well-peopled globe, from eaft and weft, 

From Ardic and Antardic pole — ^where heav'n 

The virtue of the habitants rewards 

With length of days : thefe to the Delian God 

Begin the grand prbccflion ; and in hand 

The holy fheaves and myfHc ofFerings bear ; 

Which the Pelafgians, who the founding brais. 

On earth recumbent at Dodona guard^ 



119 



S85 



390 



Joyous 



Vcr. 388- Thefe^ &c.] The author here dfe- 
' fcribes the proceffion of this holy piFering, which 
he tells us comes firft from the dwellers at the 
antarSfic-poUy the H^perboreansy and fo is con- 
veyed through different hands to Delos . Pau^ 
fanias has a paflage which weir explains our 
author — " In prafienftbus autem {Attica pago) 
ApoUinis eft templum^ quo HYPERBOREO- 
RUM primitias mitti tradunty eas enim Hyper ^ 
Borei Arifmajpis committunt, Arifmafpi Iffido- 
nibus ) ab its acceptas Scytba Sinopen : inde dd 
prajienfes Grseci deportant 5 eas detnde Delon A- 
thenienfes mitiunt,^ lib. i. p. 59. 

Ver. 392. Dodona^ &c.] This oracle of Ju^ 
piter^s ac Dodona was of a very fingular kind, 
fuppofcd to be die mod antient of all the oracles 
o( Greece f prior to the flood, but reffored by Deu- 
calion^ according to the tradition, after it. 
The fcholiafl! upon the 1 6th Iliad, 233, ^c. 
gives this account of it — Tk }c it v m AwJWam 
* A»o(>0yo(>&c. What i& the ftory of this Dodonean 
Jupiter^ and what is the place from whence he 
received this name? To which he anfwers, from 
a very antient author, Thrafybulus^ that Deucali'on 
after the flood, which happened in his time,having 



got fafe upon the firm land of Epirus^ preached 
or prophefied in or by an oak — ffMwnviTo it tn^ 
^^vi— andby the admonition or counfel of an 
oraculous Do/ve^ having gathered together fuch 
as were faved from the flood, made them to 
inhabit together ur a certain place or coimtry, 
which, from Jupiter ziki Dodona^ one of the 
Oceanidesy they called Dodona.'* Thus far 
the fcholiaft. The reader cannot but ob- 
ferve the remarkable references herein to the 
afllairs ofNoah^ of which this doubtlefs b a plain 
heathen tradition. Concerning the oakj fee 
hymn to Diana^ note 224. What the do^o^ 
figniiies we may underfland by Noah^% dove fent 
from the ark ; the tradition is remarkable, that 
this dbve flew from the lap of Thebe, or, as 
others, from Thebes^ the very name of the ark 
in the Hebrew rUH Thebe^ to Dcdona^ which 
is a compound word from l)*^ and *i*^^^, Ddd 
and Adonaiy (o Dodonaiy arwiH appear from an 
author, who has fallen- into my hands while 1 
am writing this ; and whom I will produce at 
the end of the hymn, as not having room for 
him here. The Pelafgians^ UOimoYih were the 
defcendcnts of, and had* their name from Phakg 
I or 



20 THE HYMN TO DEL0 8. 

Joyous receive, and to the Melians care 

The hallow'd gifts confign : whence o'er the fields 

Lelantian pafs'd, to fair Euboea's ihores 

At length arrived, a ready paflage wafts 

The confecratcd ofF'ring to the fhrine 

Of Delian Apollo. Of the north, 



395 



ChiU 



or Pekg •|*'D. Sec Stiirtngfleef^ Origines Sacra • 
The tradition of the Dodortean orzclc^ that it was 

{trior to the flood, but reftored by Dtucalioft^ is 
imilar to what the Javs deliver, that the altar 
upon which Nt>ah facriiiced after tht foody was 
the (ame which Adam had built after the fall, 
whereon Cain and Jbel offered their oblations — 
and whereon alfo Abraham offered, &!c. See 
JSibliotheca BibHca^ vol. I. p. 227, ifc. 

In antient times, and At the beginning, the ora- 
xJes yrcre delivered by the murmuring noife 
of a fountain at the foot of an eaij and alfo 
from the cats tfaemfelves: but in after times 
they nuide ufe of the brazen iettU, of which 
Cauiniacbas fpcaks, the founding brafs^ which, 
whether it were ufed in delivering oracles, is 
/doubted by fome. We have two accounts giveti 
418 of the reafon, why it was faid to be always 
founding, acnynroAo, as CaUimoibus calls it ; one. 
That many of thefe brazen kettles were fo 
artificially placed about the temple, that by 
fifilung one of them the found was communi- 
cated to all the refl. The other, and the moil 
' probable, account is» that there were two pillars 
before the itemple, on one of which was placed 
ia kittU^ upon the other a boy holding in his 
hand a ic/i&f^ with lafljes of brahy which being, 
by the violence of the windy ftruck againi^ the 
kettle, caufed a continual found. Concerning 
this whole matter, fee Potttr^s Antiq. of Greece^ 
voL I. pi 265. and other writers .on Mytbo^ 
logy. Thefe brazen pillars^ &c. feem to have 
fome reference to the two brazen pillars before 
the temple of Solomon^ i Kings vii. 21. called 
/cin and Box^ which were reprefentatives of the 
fypporters of this fyftem, and reclaimed by God 
if^ hiotfcif from the heathen worfliipersof tliofe 

I 



fuppvrlers ; of whom ft is faid, tbkt they fend 
out ^6x found \ tbeyy namely, the D*pntP*^the 
atbcrsy the^rugglers, light 2u:id air, Pfalmlxxvij. 
17. of whom it is alfo faid, that their voice and 
found is gone cut through the whole earth. 
Pfal. xix. So the brafs at Dodana ^wspfoun^^ 
edj and that by means of the tf iV, as we ob* 
ferve ; where, if the brafs was an cmbleoi 
of light (as was gold in the tcmrple of God) 
we have the two agents. And to tiiis the bells 
of gold on the high pricfb vefiments joined with 
th^ pomegranates referred, which were always 
to fend forth their found when he entred into 
the oracle or Holy of Holies. See Exod. xxviii. 
34. As thefe have all a mutual connexion and 
application to the fame thing (which feems to 
have been the heathen grand offence) a wor*- 
Jhipping (he created agents^ which arc the fup- 
porters of, and whofe found or power extends 
through all creation, and is continually aSiing ; 
it fcems very reafonablc to fuppofe, that thefe 
ever-founding kettles of brafs, with their fcveral 
appendages, refer hither alfo : and the more 
attention we give to the remarkable columns 
before the temple of God, the clofer fimilitude, 
I am apt to believe, we fhall find : bearing in 
mind, that thefe brazen kettles were of modern in- 
vention, compared with the oracle, oak, dove, &c. 
Ver. 398. Of the north, tic.] Spanhelm pro- 
duces a paflage from Rudheckius to prove, that 
this worfhip of Apollo by the Hyperboreans, or 
fons of the north, was the fame with the ido- 
latry paid to Baal-Sephon ; for the word Sepbcn 
in the Hebrew confefTcdly is the north. Thefe 
are his words: Hunc verojuxta Gracos auL'cres^ 
cultum ab Hypcrboreis Apollinem, eunJem efje 
cum Baal-Scphon, I)eo feu idolo, cujus mcntio, 

Exod 



THE HYMN TO DELOB. i^i 

(Chill Boreas* dfxB£fi» die Adma^xiaiu feat,} 

The lovelieft daughtccs, ^ecaer^ bleft, 400 

Br^ht Upis, and £ur Loxo, with a choir 

Of chofen youth accompany'd, firft fcrought 

The grateful fheaves and hiiHowM gifts to Phoeius t 

Thrice happy throng, ordain'd no more to iee 

Their native norths but erer flourifh fair 405 

iofame immortal, icrvants of their God! 

The Delianiiymphs, whom to the nuptial bed 

Midft melting mufic Hymen geody le^ds > 

Trembling with am'rous fear, their Totive locks 

To thefe bright daughters of die n^th confign : 410 

And to the fbns the bridegcooms consecrate 

The virgin harveft of their dcrnny chins* 

- Thee 

£xod. XIV. I. contendh idem de quo prnjo mfte^ eack Wing 4in flppeRvriSM'-oP^dieAm, who is 

vir ingeniofus ac indujirius Rudbeckius Atlant. called Hecaer^us from emitting his rays^ or 

p. 761. quod nempe Sephon de Sq|kt«yitrione» feu darting them tfosn- a&h Laecims^ from the ob^ 

aquilinari plaga, ab Hebrseis did Jit in confejfo : lique courfe^ which he annually dcfcribes, which 

atqu^Jta Baal feu Belum feptentrionalem, niijil the word Ao|*? fignifies, See Afacrobiu^ Phcr- 

ijp itliud quam Apollinem Hvperboreun) : Baal nutusy ^c. Upis^ for the fame reafon that Diana 

enim a Scaldis tf in Edda^ omnium pneftantif- W2is{QcalUdjv\2»,iromxhtfplendor2iXi^brightnef$ 

fimum denotare, Cui &f illud fuffragari infuper of his face. See hymn to Diana ^ ver. 278. Add 

^Jk ^9d a Uhaldaeic p^Vt Se;pbon»r d^r^^f^^ to^bis^ that^bp Vergim and jaa/^ .ngjn vt^s/e to 

mo feptenCrione ideo diei a^ftrant vetsres magi- dedicate to tbcTe virgii)^. aqd their companioiu^^ 

Jiriy quad Sclillicjit pf/u/]ab(condKu6, id autem their Mair^ when.ahDuc to be married ; hcr^bjr. 

de Hyperbpreis iradidemnt^ M^ay Plini^y Uc^ acknowieilging ^he &im X» hp the caufe of all- 

eos per femijfem $olis.lu^ aar^re.'* Ti^us that fretixfultiefs j^djirefigth^ of which ^he Hair^ in. 

learned and ingenious Commentator j ^and the refe^oe to his rafs^^ was the fy/Hbcd. See, 

names of thefe three Hyperborean virgins evi- |iymn to JpolUy fiqte ^;i, <$tfid .6p/. and sihii^ 

dently fliew their connection with the Sun, in cafe o{ Sampfon^ "whoCe jfirengih lay In his /even 

confirmation of what Spanbeim has remarked | Ucis^ as mentioned^ Judges xvi. 17, (^c. 

R 



122 THE HYMN TO DELOS. 

Thee bright Afteria'(wiiidfe rich altars breathe 
Divined fweets to heav'n) the circling iiks ' 
Encompafs round, and form a beauteous choir 415 

Not filent nor devoid of facred fiing t - * 

But radiant veiper crown'd with golden locks. 
Still views thee hymn*d with grateful harmony. 
The youths, prophetic Olen, chaunt thy lays 
Delighted : while the maids the iblid ground 420 

Shake with their choral feet : and load with wreaths 
Fair Venus' iacred ftatue^ which^ from G:ete 
Returning with his peers, kind queen of love, 
Thdeus upraised to thee : who, when eicap'd 
The mazy labyrinth^ death's fequefter'd feat» 425 

And dread PafijAae's offspring by thy aid> 
Grateful around thine altar led the choir ' 
With Jacred dances to the tuneful harp. 
And hence the fons of Cecrops annual fend 

The 



Ver. 414. Th thtUng ifitty ftc] Coacent- writerr on- MyAalogjr are copious. ThwcjAAt 

'vi% die CycMkiy to oQled from furroundit^ and Fhttarth Aio nve an account of it, and the 

IMkr, I fpdtt, note j. OUn was a Lj/cknt, Bngl^ reader win be latisfied bj confiilting 

and compoted hjrmns (o die honour of Ap»tt» at PHUr** Aiitifmtut of Grttitt vol. i. p. 284. 

IMtr. Concerning die ftatue of f«MrrbZ></lw» where the aichbiflwp icfen to this paflage in 

die honour paid to it by fTu/tMSf and the /early CtUhimbttt. 
cenmooj ftdoaatii bjr the Mknimtf au 



THE HYMN TO DBLOS. 

The fam'd Thcorian vdTcl, that defies 
The pow V of time, for ages ftill the fiune. 

Thee, ever honoured ifle, what veflel dares 
Sail by regardlefs? 'twere ia vain to plead 



123 
430 



Strong 



Ver. 433* Thee^ &c] Here we have a re- 
markable inftaoce of the veneration paud to 
DiUs^ which was univerial^ and of which 
JEmat fpeaks 

Hue fir or : httc fejfos tuto placMJJima portu 
Accipit : igreffi vimramur JpoUinis urbem. 

^N. iiL 78. 

See too Cic0^s Oration pro Legi Manilid* Nos 
qtuqui^ f^c But the ceremony^ which CaUtma- 
cbus fpeaks of» is very peculiar : the fchoUaft fays, 
<< That it was a cuftom in Ddos to nm round 
the altar of jfyoUo^ and to ftrike it with a whip^ 
rwTMrfftanyiy and with their hands or arms bound 
behind them, to bite the olivi.** The firft part 
of the ceremony is plain enough, and eaiy to be 
underftood by referring to the hymn to Apottoyuoti^ 
1 1, and I think the fecond particular is of the fame 
suture with what we read in i Kings xviii. of 
the priefts of Baul<, who Uaft upon the altar 
they had made (which the LXX render kir^xw» 
run rounds the txaA import of our author's 
phrafe r) and tbty cried aloud^ and cut themfehes^ 
after their manner^ with knives and lancers^ till 
the bbed gujbed nsi upon them. The conteft 
here was, whether Baal^ the lights or the opera- 
tion of the air oould confume the facrificeor not ; 
fo that the idol worlhipped was plainly the fame 
with Jpolh or the Sun^ See note 408. The 
running round the altar imported the motion 
and adion of i^t filar light i the ftriking with 
a whip the altar, or cutting themfehes with knives^ 
(a more cruel cuftom) mean while praying to 
their God, which thcf did (and they cried aloud 
and cut them/elves, &c.} was a fymbolical adion, 
denoting their defure, that he would by the 
a^ion of his raysy flriie^ pervade^ and cut (as it 
were) or Jhew forth his toxver upon all nature in 
general, and ^Titfacripce in particular now be- 
fore him : and to this, as was obierved, hymn to 
Jpollo^ note 34 and 142. refers dbe Exclamation 



lo Paan : Theocritus fpeaks of the like cuftom, 
which was ufed by the Arcadians^ to their God 
Pauy who was the univerfal nature^ and to be* 
Jirucky pervaded^ and oif by thefe lajbes or darts 
of the Sun : 

Kif» fair T«i*' ipkBiff •wr«» f iXf, ftv rv n wmIk 

TflMJui fkmrwi^iw m n^ nnHki ««fMii« &C. 

See IdyOium 7. ver* 106. In the account of the 
Dodonean kettles there is mention of a whip of 
hrafsf which I fuppofe refers to the fame : and 
in the Orphic hyrnns^ we read, in the hymn to 
the Suuy 

— ^iJ Omannrtf 

Oh charioteer 
With founding WHIP driving thy fplcadid 

car 
Drawn by four horfes* 

which feems fully to confirm what has been ad- 
vanced above : and having thus furrounded the 
altar of Apollo^ and by this fymbolical adion de- 
clared their belief in his univerfal power^ they 
were to bend their own arm: behind them, and 
fo to take ^t faired olive in their mouths ; there- 
by declaring, that not from their own arm or 
power^ which was bounds but from his, whofealtar 
they furrounded, they cxpeded to attain and lay 
hold oith^lpeacij whereof the ^/fV^ was always a 
fymbol, fee Gen. viii, j i. and which, though pe- 
culiarly the gift of the true ligbty St. Johnxv. 27. 
was yet by the heathens fuppofed the gift of their 
material light : the arm is known always to de- 
note power^ as fcripture and profane writers fully 
prove, thus it appears, the heathens by this ce- 
remony exprefled their belief of obtaining peace and 
worldly fecuricy, by his power^ who pervad th 
all things, and not by anv arm or ftrcngth of 
theirs. There arc fome plain allulijns, to this 
R 2 abomi- 



124 THE HYMK TO DELOS, 

ScnoQg driving gales, or, ftronger ftill than they, 
Swift-wing'd neceflity : their fwclling feils 
Here mariners muft furl ; nor hence depart 
Till round thy altar, ftruck with many a blow, 
The maze they tread, and, backward bent their arms. 
The facred olive bite : for fuch the iports, 
To pleafe thy infant fancy, and divert 
With youthful mirth, the Delian nymph devis*d. 
Hail Vcfta of the ifles, the middle place 



435 



+40. 



For 



abooMiiationf in the S.S. particularly in the 
prophet Micahy who fays, Thus faith the Lord 
concerning the prophets, that make my people 
err: that hite with their TEETHy and cry 
PEACE, chap. iii. 5. and in Zechariah we read, 
And a baftard (hall dwell in ASHDOD (the 
btlmfid fire) and I will cut oflF the pride of the 
PhiUftinis : and I will take away his blood out 
of his mouth, and his ABOMINjITIONS from 
between his TEETH, chap. ix. 6, 7. AJhdcd 
here is remarkable, TittS^K, for from C^N, 
ajby or tffVj ojh^ the felar fire, and 7^, U d aw 
•ut^ comes Delos ; as will appear more fully 
hereafter : and in the fourth verfe of the fame 
chapter of Zechariaby it is faid, flie fliall be eat 
Up9 ^DSn, comedetur^ mfire B?N j from which 
word we muft remember conies Ena, Ve^a^ 
mentioned in the next note : who obtained the 
middle place^ as there obferved from this folar 
ASH or crby which (he reprefented. 

Nee tu aVtud VESJ'AMy qtuim viram credits 
Flammam, 

fays Ovidy Fa ft. lib. 6. 291. and fo Delosj be- 
ing a fymbol of this Uving fire^ is here called, 
the Vejia of the iJJands. 

Ver. 441. Haiiyejiay &c.] This expreffion 
alludes to the well-known cuftom of placing the 
Prytanea facred to VeJia in the middle of ciliei, 
as alfo her images in the middle of private houfes ; 
as the SurCs orb, which {he reprefented, was 
placed in the midft of the/ji^em, I have tranf- 



lated the laft line of the hymn agreeable to the 
opinion of Spanheim and many other learned 
commentators, who can never think that the 
poet would addrefs Diana (for fome have 
applied the words to her) after the clofe of 
a hymn, where flie has been fcarcely mentioned. 
The learned and attentive reader cannot but have 
obferved, that this hymn, facred to the birth of 
the God oiX\piU refers immediately to ihefirjf 
produ^ion of things \ and though, there are fome 
flntnge fables intermixed, yet we muft look 
upon it in this light, if we would in an? degree 
Comprehend the author's defign ; and this I fug- 
gefted in a general note 81. Since the printing 
of which, a work of Angular learning hath 
ftJlen into my hands called Originals by the re- 
verend Mr. Hollowajfj in the 34th page of whofe 
2d volume, where he -is confidcring the word 
Q*fyy Loty Myrrh y I wa ^greatly pleafed to read. 
" From the Hebrew 0*^7, Lit^ or \^^^ laaty to 
lie kidy the heathens derived their Ai»t«, Latona^ 
the mother of Apollo and Diana \ that is, of the 
light in its mixed or confufed ftate, before the 
fourth day of creation, when it was fet up in the 
orbs of the Suny Moon and Stars : and this {^O, 
Loty myrrhy ^^as facred for the ufe of a fumiga- 
tion to the idol Lat:na ; doubtlefs from fome 
imagined refemblance betwixt the lurking virtue 
of the gum, and that concealed Jl ate of the God - 
defs, before ibe was delivered of the Sun and 
Moon : and what might that be, but that, as 
the virtue of the gum is brought to light out of 

its 



TttB HYMK TO DELOS- 

For thou obtain'ft well-ftation'd ; Delos hail, 



^25 



Hail 



h$J^m hy W€Ur^ bthQ.Sm and ASo$n were 
liorn of LaUnay or fetched put of their difFufioA 
through the watery chaos» in which they had 
^fore lain bid^ &c." See, the whole curious 
chapter. May not this concealnunU &c. re- 
marked by Mr. HoUoway tend to explain what 
Juno fays of Latona\ fecret coition with Jupiter^ 
and fecrei bringing forth y«fMO(^df AA©PI A "luu 
TMirmi KEKPYMMUTA, ver. 32 1 ? And in this 
folution of the matrer there is nothing new» as 
the learned reader is well informed : Phumutus 
hints the fame : E| OY (namely Jupiter) f«» Aw«x- 
%U9 xa% Aprs/bLK lywuflwo* hot tuc Ai}t»>« : Avra; y«p 
Tur NYKT A 6»ofia^» ««Ta firrm^&tf t» ^flMna;^ ^ «( 
T» x>?^» mvre r A^^ tk e^«, chap. 2. where ob- 
fervc, he gives the feme derivation of Latona as 
was given note 81. and refcra to the original 
ehaotic night and darknefs (for fo he muft be 
underftood) whence fprung the Sun and Moon, 
And Macrobius^ Sat. iib. n p. 24P* fays dlreftly 
the fame i I Oiall, only give His explication of 
the fabl^: " ^od ita intelligendum naturalis 
ratio demonjirat : ^iamque poJiO^dm uVt primum 
capit confufa deformitas in nrumformas tsf eU- 
nunta nltefcere^ terraque tf ^irc humida fubftan - 
tia molli atque inftabiliyJif mutant convalefcente 
paulatim atherio calore^ atque indt feminibus in 
earn igncis deflucntibus hac fid^ra idita tffe ere- 
duntur : W Solem quidem ' maxima vi Caloris in 
fupema raptum, Lunam 9fero humidiore tf velut 
famineo fexu naturali quodam preffam tepore in- 
feriora tenuiffe : tanquam tile magif fubjiantia 
PJTRIS conflaret, HJRC M/ITRIS. Siqui- 
dem Latonam phyfici volunt terram videre : cui 
diu intervepit Juno, m numva^ qu/c diximur, 
ideren'ur : hoc ejiy aer, qui tunc humidus adhuc 
gravifqui obftab^t aetl^eri, ne fulgor luminum per 
humoft aer is denfitatem^tqnquam ecujuf darn partus 
progrejftone^ fulgeret^'^ Whence we fee that 
^<yfrtfi»/iii expU.ins il\e, fable alfo in reference 
to the beginning of things: when the earthy in 
its firji fluids forndejs^ and moift Ht^xX^-^hwruda 
fiiA^cfub/lantia^ ^% he calls it, was impregnated 
J^ jhe tether ial heat^ or Jupiter^ and fo, thro* 
t^ refinance and clylru^tpn of the detifej thick^ 
Mid dofk air brougrlt forth with nwxchjiruggling^ 
the, Sum and Moon. Nothing will better explain 
tHis than the firft chapter of Genejis. It may be 
worth while to remark in confirmation of what 
is faid with regard to Junoy or ttic ^/VV refifianct 
and conjli5i with Latona^ againft whom her ha- 



tred was principally oa account of Apollo^ or 
the ligbty according to the Fable, (See ver. 67. 
of this hymn) that D'pni^S the word ufcd 
for the heavens^ clouds^ or JlieSy properly fignifief 
the JiruggUrs, or the two great agents air and 
light in conftant conjiia mdjlruggle together. 

I now proceed according to my promife, note 
392. to give you an extraSl from the Myt I olo^ 
gical notes of burner ^ whofe book was printed 
in 1687, is very rare to be met with, and a 
work of great erudition ; it is dedicated to the 
lord high chancellor Jeffreys^ and was defigned* 
by the author as an introduction to a larger 
work, which whether he ever printed or not^ 

1 am unacquainted: he produces the fcholiail: 
tranflated in my note, and makes thefe remarks 
upon him, page 69. ^' In thefe words are feveral 
things very remarkable : firft, if we admit a 
very fmall anachronifm in the Greek ftory, then 
it is true of Noefh^ what Thrafybulus in this re- 
lation afcribes to Deucalion — f/Aoyrfwro « 1^ Afv», 
that he preathed or propbefied^ by or under aa 
4ak or tiee, not after the flood, as this ftory 
would haye it, but before it, for io St. Peter 
exprefly calls him a preacher of righteoufnefs. 

2 Pet* ii. 5. and in the firft epiftle iii. 19. fpeak* 
jng of the fpirit of Chrift, he fays, " jBy which 
fpirit alfo he, went and preached unto the fpiritf 
in prifiin^ which fometime were difolfe^iimL, 
when once the long-fuffering of G^ waited in the 
d<7yi of Noaby when the ark was preparing.'^ 
which words are to be underftood of Noah's 
preaching by the fpirit of Chrift, to the 
fpirits in prifan^ that is, not which were fo 
then, but were fo for tlieir difobedience whm 
this epijile was written, and long before it, and 
continue fo ftiJJ, £5fr.-r-Not that the prophetic 
fpirit of Noah is to be confined to the times be- 
fore the flood**-/oT in Genefis ix. 24.- we find 
him prophefying up^n Cham's c|ifrcfpedful treat- 
ment of him : fo tjiat this is agreeable to the 
account of Deucalion given by Thrafybulus. Se- 
condly, It is not faid in general of Deucalion^ 
that he was a prophet, but that he did fuwriv- 
*ahcn WTJB Apw, prophcfy.iy, or under fome oajc 
or tall fprcadmg tree — for the text tells us, that 
this happened while Noah.wzs in his tent, Gen, 
ix» 20. Noah began to be an hufbandmany and he 
planted a vineyard^ and he drank of the wine and 
wets drunken^ and be was uncovered within his 
tent. But what is flill more to the purpofe, it 

is 



226 



THE HYMN TO DEL OS- 



Hail Phoebus ! apd thou^ Mother of the God. 



is faid of Jbrabam^ Gen. xtii. i8» that he re- 
moved his tent and came and dwelt in the plain 
of Mamre (which is properly the oaks ofMamre^ 
as appears from the original Hebrew and the 
LXX. The Hebrew Elon, an oai^ is from El 
Deusj as much as to fay the tree of God^ as 
Alab which is rendrcd by execratus efl^ jurawt^ 
adjitravitf is from the fame root, bfc. Hence 
%he oak amongft the Greeks and Romans was 
arior J&oi facra^ dedicated and devoted to 
God, Cf^.-^Sec the author. Thirdly, it is to 
be oWerved, that Thrafybulus alfo takes notice of 
the dove or pigeon^ which was fo remarkable a 
circumftance in the hiffory of the flood. Noah 
fent out his dove^ Gen. viii. 7, bfc. and her in* 
formation well explains the orae/e of the dove^ 
X^TfrnTH^mnyimaibtt which inftru£ted Deucalion. 
Fourthly, It is to be obferved, that Deucalion 
called this place where he and the reft came out 
of the ark, D^dona^ which the fcholiaft informs 
us was fo named a^ Ai«( xm tmhm^ — from 
Jupiter and Dodona : but why from Jttpitery I 
pray ? Here we fee a manifeft inftance of die 
ignorance of the Greeks and their corrupting the 
traditions of the eajly for want of underftaiiding 
the language in which they were delirered : fot 
it is true, as the Greeks cHd ftill retain a fmat- 
tcring of the bufmefs, that Dodona was fo called 
mm m Aiof^ not from the word but the perfon fo 
called, who is in Hebrew called Jdonaij and by 
the Carthaginians or Phoenicians^ Donaif and 
the name refers to God's promife to Noah oi 
not cttrfing the ground again, Gen, ix. 21. and is 
plainly as much as Doddonai^ behved of God^ 
and tiat plaeoj above all others, might well de* 
&rve fo to be called, in which God accepted fo 
gracioufly the firft facrifice after the flood, and 
was reconciled to mankind upon it. Fifthly, As 
an indication that Dodona was, « A:o(, as I have 
explained, and that it was not a Greek but an 
exotic and eaflem name, I obferve, that the 
fcholiaft'faith of the nymph DMbxTtf, thatfhe was 
fum rv9 Shttmnim, one of the f^tf -nymphs or daugh- 
ter of the Oceany the meaning of which is, that the 
name triivelled by /^<T, into Gr/^^f, as all things 
that came that way, before navigation was 
known, were faid to be born o£ the fea^ &c. 
Sixthly, Though A^of fignifics fometimes any 
tree, yet here the Ap? of Deucalion, or Ai/^wj?, 
is the Hebrew Alab or Elon^ the tree of God, or 



the oak under which the moft anticnt of the 
patriarchs w;ere ufed to pitch their tsnis, ffe. — 
The attthor mentions two moie partictdars of 
refemUance in Dfundim and Noahy the one 
the excellcncv of their chaniAecs — ^for the fcrip« 
iure faith oflfoahy that he was et juji. man ant 
perfeHy &c. and Ovid of DiucaUwny 

Non illo melior auifquamy nee anusniior etqui 
, Virfuity aut ilia reverentior ulla Doorunu 

The moft UPRIGHT of mortal men was he : 
T^e motk Jincere and holy woman flie j /. e. 

Pprha his wife. 

l*he fecond is, that the floods that happened in 
their times are faid to have been fent as par- 
ticular judgments, for the fins and enormities of 
the age which fufFerM by them. God iaid,«- 
Thewickedmfs of man is very great y I will ifc* 
ftroyhimy Gen. vi. 5. and Uvid of DeucaUon\ 
times, 

Contigerest mjiras infama tempwis aures, 
^uam iUpiens fatfam fummo delabor olympo^ 
Et Deus humand luftrofub imagine terras : 
Longanwra efty quantum mxafit ubique re^ 

pertum 
Enumerarcy minor fuit ipfa infanda vtro. 

Met. r. 

The clamours of this vilc.dq^nerate age. 
The cries of orphans and th* oppreflbr's rage. 
Had reached the flcies : I will delcend, faid I, 
In hope to prove this loud complaint a lye. 
Difguts'd in human flbape I travell'd round 
The world ; and more than what I heard, I 

found. D&YDEK. 

Thus I have given you a fliort cxtraft of what 
this accurate author hath delivered upon the 
fubjed : whoever wants proofs muft confult > 
him, and he will And it well worth his labour. 
It muft be remarked in confirmation of tliis 
compound derivation of Dodomiy that Span* 
heim thinks it a compound alfo, diough he de- 
rives it from 5131* "Til Duih Jona amesUlis 
columba. May fuch refearches into the desri 
myfleries of antiquity, caufe us to rejoice in the 
glorious light of the Gofpel, and bring us to a 
due acknowledgement of his praifes, who haA 
brought life and immortality through that gofpel 
to light ! 



End of the Hymn to Delos. 




eys**?-- 



THE 



Fifth Hymn of Callimachus. 

To tie* Bzih of Fall AS. 

O M £ forth) ye nymphs, whole facred hands 

prepare 
The B^th for mighty Pallas : hafle, come forth^ 
nfljiWi^C^ Even now I hear her haUow'd couriers neigh : 
The Goddefs is at hand : hafte Argive nymphs^ 

Crown*d 

*Bstb»f Psiitf.'] ThtfuhfeCt of Ibeptdent always performed before iay-hrtak: whence 

poem is a very celebiated ceremony, which was Tbeoeritus : 

performed aanuallj at Ji-gts. «♦ The Argm ^ » .„, v^ ^^. j^ f.^ 

women, fan the fcholiaft, bad a cuftom of ^'^'^"'^"^ •^•^!:?r. w .,» 

taung on an :fpomted day the image of Mi' ^ 

nirott and aUDimttit^ «^ich diey brought to the The PtJUtHum ittmmt (vuhichfell frtm heaven j: 

river hmimy and there vtajhtd.** And this was and was taken by Dimti at Trt/^ was reputed to 

• have 




128 THE HYMN TO THE 

Crown d with the golden locks, Pelafgians hafte/ 

Her ample limbs Minerva never bathes 

In cooling ftreams, ere from her panting fteeds 



With 



have been brought by him and kept ztArgos : for 
which reafon, as is generally thought, he had 
this honour paid to him. There was a cere- 
mony of this kind performed at Athens^ called 
«^w9i;f»«, where Minerva*^ ftatue waswajhed: 
which was efteemed a very inaufpicious day, 
as you may read in Plutarch's Life of ^kibiadeSy 
and in Patterns Antiquitiesy p. 425. vol. i. And 
the like ceremony was performed at many other 
places, in honour of oth^r deities, SpanhAm 
afligns'varlbus* reafohs for thckfacred wajhin^^y 
which were principally defigned to indicate die 
internal purity which the Deities required ; and 
of which Pallas was efteemed peculiarly the 
Goddefs : PriO'egtrix 'omnium virtutwny as Pm- 
clus fays of her, Ac motb^ ti'^lvfrfnfs 5 and 
Who was able to render life unpolluted andpure^ 
mx^ctrrop *en xa^a^t ; of whom Arijlides^ iu his 
hymn to her, faith: *< TTh^gpHet^aft^ prftftp 
call her it»Oage-»or, the purger or purifier^ ahd 
.»Xf{«a«oF, the driver away of evils y and the in- 
fpeHrefs ^f the m^ perfeS purtficaiions ; ruj 
nkBimrmvm B^ePON -K/i^eAKlNA I« ftll wtllph, 
Spanheim addb, it is eafy to behold the traces of 
the Mofaic rites ; wherein it appears, that ex- 
ternal wajl)ifigs were prefcribed as a fign of /«- 
ternal purificationy^ front what is faid. tOr omit? 
aH Other pfecesv -Jn /fe/w*/ vtii. *^: amd ^faiah 
Hi. 11/* The fathers generally taxed the gen- 
tile idolaters witJ^ ithefe> c^re^opj^ .«4/*^Ti4f 
theirs when they refufed to be baptized with the 
baptifm of Chrift, of which "all .th?. infljttt.ted 
wafliings were typical \ foth^'t theixs' of Ctm-l 
fequcnce, as received from pofttive infiitution 
originally^ lei to the true wa/hing^ if they had 
underftopd their own rites. See hymn to Ju^ 
pitery note ^Oy and -qi. The particular ^z/r//y 
of which the anticnts fuppofed Palha the mothery 
zaA Goddefsy as obferved before, deferves atten- 
tion, and wUl loaGly 'i»e accovnted fcK-j^ nAieli we 
con^e to <sonfi4or what Pallas reprefented in the 
heathen fyftem. ,. . ■ 

Ver, 1. Cemey &c.] This poem is written in 
the Doric d^aledl, as we might expert, feeing it 

3 



is written for Dorians : Madam Daciery upon 
what authority I know not, aflerts, that Calli^ 
machusy at the time of compofing it, was at 
Argos : the word A*rr^xooi, fignifies pourers out 

r^the water for the bathing of the Goddejsy which 
have expreft as clearly as a poetical tranflation 
would admit. Thefe Argive virgins ufed to 
confecrate their hair to Minerva^ as the Dclian 
to the Hyprboreansy mentioned in the. laft hymn, 
and for the iame reafon I (uppofc -^^ Statius 
- fpo^ thus of the cuftom in his Ihebaisy 1« 2. 

—"^Innuptam lumine afibant 
PALLADAy munichiis cui non Argiva pet 

. J^Jlha^ia gl l^zr^si jkgisi hie m^epBWtmh 
lafidesy thalamis ubi cajia addefceret atas 
Virgineas libaie comasy primojque foltbant 

: ^f\ufmT^^> , -' 

The reader cannot but obferve that there isibme 
fimilitude in the beginning of this hymn, to that 
of the *hynni tt^AfoJo ; and ihgj^e^jpay h^ gpoi 
roafon to' defcrrb^ the approach of both deities 
to their temple in the f^me nftfmer^i^, ,9» t 
hope 9rfU:^jliy uppear in tbe fequet, PmUat is no 
other than" 7^^ ^«r/, ynm»^dJohrlt(fi}t. 
• yer.-v.j&ifa*, &cij \\it,%t PdOoi ii nc- 
l^prtfented dral^'n by hotfesM.sr *vritl ais the ^tm^ 
Apolloy and for the fame /.veii&n,. fi^a^jr, th« 
, intpHuifiSy fiery na'ure rpf fiioff creatures, their 
ftrength, as well as their ^x%2!i fU)lfinefSy*v^^xe' 
;\^ was repfefented the naturi^ aiid^nr^//^, 'as- 
^ >Nt\\ a5 fwiftnefs of trhe fttar li'ghV. 'Hu/Tthh 
given the hcrje Jlrength^ haft thou cloathcd his 
ncck with Thunder? &c. fays God to Job 
xxxix. 10, fee the whole defcriptinn, ns wtll as 
that of ^>^r/'^s. pinna or a})q- M:^ w,a9 re- 
prefented as drawn"byy?i^j,'fte byirifi to DJana 
ver. 140,. QJl ^ccuntcf xhc^reat fwiftpefs of 
tb9le afliinals, 1 Wihcreby \yp$ * /j^ prtfcntcd the 
fwift2^i\d urnvvned motion of \^ix^^Mpony wliencc 
lyrofe !thc fable (ji Difin^i .,^:^^'^"^yx^^ 
in Tjunting, hinted' x^olc,*'^^ ,l>ian(t^JJieech. 
Mr. Spenccy In hTs PolymetTsy hath giieh us a 

very 



BATHOF PALLAS. 

With, careful hands the noble duft is cleans'd : 
Not tho* her arms with clotted gore defil'd 



129 



She 



very remarkable drawing from a Gem^ plate 26. 
fig. r. in the outer circle whereof we have the 
feven planets defcribed in their perfonal cha- 
rafters, and drawn in a fort of chariots by the 
animals ufually confecrated to thefe deities': 
Saturn by Serpents j Jupiter bv Eagles ; Mars 
by two Horfes ; Sol by four ; Venus by Doves ; 
Mercury by Cocks^ and Luna by Stags. In the 
next round we have the twelve figns of the 
Zodiac^ and in the center a perfon playing on two 
pipes, and fitting, which Mr. Spence hath not 
obferved, at the foot of either a palm or an Glive- 
treej as it Ihould jeem from the drawing ; tho' 
I cannot determine certainly from it. Here, I 
think, we have a full and plain pidure of the 
^ whole myftcry and meaning of the heathen my- 
thology. And this antique the reader will find 
before the hymn to Jpollo, 

Ver. 9. Not tho\ &c.] Concerning the im- 
port of the phrafe Sens of the Earthy fee the 
hymn to Jupiter^ note 3. The poet here al- 
ludes to one of the moft celebrated exploits of 
this Goddefs : of which Horace fpeaks in the 
4th Ode of his 3d book. 

^id Rhapcus^ evulfifque truncis 

Enceladus jaculator audax^ 
Contra fonante/n PTihd'is xg\d3, 

Poffint ruentes f 

And Phurnutus^ pag. 189. informs us, that the 
Artfteia were given to Pallas in the battle 
againft the giants, ihe defcrving beft, and being 
the chief caufe of the viftory ; whence (he had 
peculiarly the name of Gigantopbantisj killer of 
the giants. The Abbe Banter^ though, as at- 
tached to a fyfiem, he was obliged to make all 
things fquare with it, could not help confef- 
ftng thus much concerning this fable of the 
battle of the giants : " It is true, moft of the 
learned of the laft age are of opinion, that the 
enterprizc of the tower of Babely which may be 
conftrued a literal afiaiuking of heaven, had 
given rife to the fable I am now explaining. 
Let us buiidy faid the authors of that mad pro- 
jedl, a tower [that may reach] to Heaven. Be- 
sides, add they, Nimrod^ who headed that en- 



terprize, a Jlrong and mighty hunter before the 
Lord, muft, no doubt, have been accounted a 
kind of giant ; thus nothing, they think, is 
wanting to compleat the refemblance, and they 
would have it not to be doubted, but that this 
is the explication of the fable." See vol. 2. 
p. 206. In further confirmation of which, I 
would defire the reader to recolleft what v/zs 
fliewn note 3. of the hymn to Jupiter, con- 
cerning thefe giants; which the defer ters of the 
true worjhip are called. Thefe Nephlim or giants 
were the defcendants of Cain, as obferved in 
that note ; and they, headed, as is probable, 
by ihztgreat and arch-rebel Nimrodyzfttr the fear- 
ful imprcfiions, which the deluge had caufed, 
were worn off, undertook that proje6V, which 
Banier might well call mad, in the light be 
underftood, and men generally conceive it : for 
it v^as more mad than the fabulous ftory of the 
giants heaping mountain upon mountain to fcale 
tD heaven, to begin building a tower, whofe 
top fhould reach to heaven in a remarkable low 
valley, as was that of Shinar, accordinj to all geo- 
graphers. But the truth is very different ; and 
thefe giants^ thefe deferters of the true worjhip, 
thefe rebels againjl God and his NAME, pro- 
ceeded rightly enough according to their own 
principles. Go to, faid tHey, let us build us a 
city and a tower, whofe top — may reacb-^\xnXo 
heaven. The words, may reach, are read in 
Italics in our Bibles, a mark always to the rea- 
der, that there are no fuch words in the origin 
nal: tD'Z^2 1Z^N""n -^URASHU ■ BeSH^ 
MIM, are the Hebrew words, literally, and its 
top or head to the heavens, their gr^nd and 
arch-idol ; and their meaning was, *' let us make 
us a city, and a tower for a place of wor- 
ship and defence, and let us dedicate its top^ 
or confecrate it to the honour and fervice of our 
God, the heavens." And they add, let us make 
us a name, D^S Shem, a NAME to worihip, . 
in oppofition to him who is the true NAME, 
a name above every name, and after whom 
Shem the elder fon oi Noah, in figure and t}'pe, 
was named. XJpon this defign of thefe rebel 
worjbippers to deftroy the true Name, and to 
fet up another in ^oppofition to it, the bleP 
S fed 



130 THE HYMN TO THE 

She bears, the blood of earth's injurious fons* 
But from her golden chariot firft fhe frees- 
Their mighty necks, and with old Ocean's wavea 
Wafhes away the painful filth of fweat ; 
The foam cxpurging from their well-champt bits. 
Haste, Argive virgins, hafte ; no unguents fweet 



xo 



?5 

(I hear 



fed Trinity in council determine to. defeat their 
purpofe, and to blaft their devtcei : Go (o, let 
us go down, faid the three divine perfons in one 
Jehovahy and there confound their language ^ &c. 
So the Lord Jehtruah flattered them abroad, 
Wf." I cannot help remarking in proof of this 
Explanation of that grand event, that Herodotus 
reports, in his time, there was a chapel on the 
top of this toweTy a golden table and a bed, for 
fhamelefs purpofes ; and in a fhrine beneath a 
ftatue of Jupiter : and Strabd confirms this ac- 
count. 'Now, that from this trantacStion the 
whole heathen fable of the giants, Nephlimy de^ 
ferters and rebels arofe, I fliould apprehend will 
fcarce admit of a doubt with any reafonable per- 
fon. But it may be afked, how does this con- 
cern the point you fet out with, the Aarijleia 
given to Pallas for her valour and principal con^ 
cernment in the victory over thefe giants ? That 
I have not forgotten, and, by what I have ad- 
vanced, propoie to lead you thereto : firft de- 
firing you to remember, that in aU the hiftories 
we have of this terrible war againft the Gods, 
Apolloy or thefolar light m general; Hercules y or 
th^ filar light in its glory znd Jlrength; and Pal- 
lasy or the filar light in its purity and unmixed 
Jiatey were the chief aftors. And thefe three 
are only different names and attributes of the 
fame thing, namely iht filar light : the queftion 
then is, why thefe divinities, or rather, this 
divinityy fhould in this combat be fo diftinguiih- 
ed ? And this can be folved no otherwife than 
by having recourfe to the original : where we 
find, that the oppofitton was tq the Ot£^» the 
NAMEy the fecond divine perfiny wbofe i^li- 
gion they deferted, and from whom they flew 



oflT, defpifing his blood and atonementy as their 
firft-father Cain did, offering no bloody facrifice^ 
and fo not being accept edy Gen. iv. 3, 5, Thefe , 
deferters defpifcd the NAME Jehovahy and at- 
tempted to make a name to themfelves ; fo 
Jehovah the nana fcattered them. And as lighty 
ihe filar lighty the Glory, the Sun of Righteouf- 
ncfsy is all through the Scriptures, and hath ever 
been the fymbol or emblem of this fecond per- 
fbn, this divine Name, this Jehovahy whofe 
caufe was principally concerned, and in whofe 
caufe the other perfons of the Trinity united ; 
as, r fay, this divine light was chiefly oppofed,. 
and fo gamed the viftory, therefore the tradi- 
tion amongfl the heathens ^preferved it fo far 
exaA, as to aflign it to thefe po^vcrs in the h^a-^ 
vens^ which were the fymbols of this divine ^tt»j^ 
particularly to Pallasy the lighty in its virgin^ 
purty and unmixed nature ; of whom we ftiall 
fliortly fee more in the prefent hymn : as alfo 
of her Mgis — finantem agiday — againft whicli 
the giants could not at all prevail. 

V^er, 15. No unguentSy &c.] All mixed oint^ 
ments were hateful to. P alias y and that on ac- 
count of the pure uncompound virgin nature, if 
I may (o fay, of that lighty whereof fhe was the 
fymbol : as alfo becaufe of its perpetual verdure. 
See hymn to ApoUoy note i. at the end, to 
whom, for the fame reafon, the laurely an ever- 
greeny alfo was eonfecrated ; for the filar light 
is always in its glory, flourlfbing, and ever- 
youngy as the poet defcribes Apollo. And on 
account of Unit purity of the filar light Pallas is 
reprefented a virgin^ and therefore unmixed oint- 
mentSy pure and uncompounded oil is grateful to 
her. Pburmttus faysj p. 188. H ^ eaaia Jw^r 



BATH OF PALLAS. 

' (I hear her rattling wheels refbunding ring :) 
No unguents fweet, iii curious alabafler, 
For Pallas, nymphs, provide : the Goddefs fcorns 
All mixtures of her pure and fimple oil : 
Bring ye no glafs : beauty for ever fhines 
And graceful luftre in her beaming eye. 
She, when on Ida's mount the Phrygian youth 
Pafs'd witlefs judgment, carelefs of the ftrife, 



131 



20 



Nor 



■n» ^(a TO ^aXXWf xtu ita ro FAAYKHIION ti tx^' 
««» TO EXaiov ex avoOff/roF ir* ft'oiXXs vy^, «XK» ««»• 
ptof an fAWM, Mf rn wafiitv ieara^Xi}Xoi' Iucm. Xhe 
©// w is the gift of Minerva^ becaufe of its per- 
petual verdure, and the blueijh (or azure) caji 
which it hath : and 0// cannot be adulterated by 
any other liquor, but always continues pure^ 
unmixed^ mjua finceritate^ fo that it fcems very 
congruous to a virgin,*' Phurnuius^ in* the 
fame chapter a little above, fays, that fhc was 
reprcfcnted with thefe blue eyes^ or czure-colour- 
edj y\avtLu)ir%u according to Horner*^ epithet, be- 
caufe (he repjefcnted the air^ or o'ther^ which 
hath this blite or azure appcttrancey ha, to t6» Aip* 
y^au*oF fcva* — Now we kiiov/, that this fine 
azure Uueucfs Is the peculiar efFcdl of the light. 
And Turner confirms this, who in page 197. 
of his book favs, ** ' yXavxwTri? is as much as 
Cicftos or aeruleos oculos habens, which refers 
to the azure colour of the flcy, or ather ;*' — 
which he confirms by fcvcral other attributes of 
heathen deities. And Diodorus SiculuSy as quoted 
by Dr. Clarke in his note on the 206 verfc of 
the lit Iliad of Horner^ has this remark, that 
Pallas WAS not called y>aw/««TK from her really 
havingy«fA eyes, *XX* euro m tof AEPA tijf mfoc. 
«\J/iF i;^c<F ayXavJCW [yXuvxot, the Doftor WOuld 
read] but from the air^s having this Hue or 
azure appearance." And as it Is thus on all 
hands agreed, that this colour^ given by mytljo- 
Ic^ifts to tht eyes of Pallasj refers to the beauti- 
ful azure of the heavens : fo I fuppofc, what 



Callimachus fays in the lines above, of the per- 
petual beauty of her eye. 

All XftXof 0/»jbUB TO TUFAfy 

refers in like manner to the continual beauty of 
the folar light y which wants no additions of art, 
but in and by itfelf is always bright and graceful. 
In the hymn to Jpollo^ note 62. I have referred 
the reader to Spanheim for a comment on the 
original, which is difficult : but upon retrofpec- 
tion from this paflTage, it will appear perfedUy 
plain : for the author there fpeaki/ig of the 
Panacea^ the fragrant dewy ointment diftilling 
from the locks iyf Apollo^ fays particularly, that 
thefe locks do not drop Aovfnfatnefs -, 

Ov Xi«no( dtqrora^ou^ir 
AX\' Mvmi HANAKEIAN. 

not fatj mixed and compound unguents, fuch as 
Pallas diflikes, but pure Panacea : thofc rays 
which gather up, and (hake down the enriching 
dew J diilil not thefe compounds, but a fimple 
fruflifying oil : and thus both paflfages give light 
to each others Of the ufe of an alabajier box 
for ointment y fee St. Matt, xxvi. 7. Mountain- 
brafs (ofiix»^«c) and water were heretofore the 
only looking- glaffes : luxury brought in fil vcr-ones 
afterwards j fome have imagined that our au- 
thor delicately fatyrifcs the luxury and eiFemi- 
nacy of his times, in thefe different and oppo- 
fltexharaders of Venus and Minerva. Concern- 
ing the 30th line, the reader may fully fatisfy 
himfelf by referring to Spanheim's learned note, 
or Potter*^ Antiq, vol. f . p. 442. 
. S z 



132 THE HYMN TO THE 

Nor in the raountain-brafs, nor lucid ftream 
Of filver Simois look'd, to aid her charms ; 
Nor flic, nor Jove's fair confort : but the queen 
Of fmilirig love fond feiz'd the fliining brafs> 
Which pleas'd refleded every glowing charm,. 
While oft fhe plac'd and ftill replac'd each hair ! 
But Pallas, each ^mnaftic toil coinpleating^ 
(Like the twin ftars on fam'd Eurotas' bai^s} 
Rubb'd o'er her manly limbs with flmple oil 
Pure and unmixt, her garden's genuin growths 

Behold, ye virgins, how the early morn, 
Like the pomegranate in vermilion dy'd^ 



^S 



30 



S5 
Of 



Ver. 34, Beboldj &c.] The fenfc, I have 
given to this' paflage, is that which the learned 
and ingenious Madam Dacier firft propofed, and 
v/hizhSpanheim after her approves. For, as was 
obfcrved in the firft note upon this hymn, the 
ceremony was performed always early in the 
morning, at day break : fo that according to 
Madam Dacier^ ^^ Dicit poeta, O puella^ matu- 
tinum rubor coelum occupat ry kch^ vwh ^apropter 
illi nuncj anUquam fcilicet matutinum iempus 
abeaty ferte oleum quo mares unguntur,^* And 
there feems a very obvious reafon for this me- 
thod of expreflion in the poet, as well as for the 
cuftom itfelf, if Pallas be indeed Ihc folar lights 
the firft appearance of which in the eajl gives 
die (ky that beautiful and Uufiiing luftre. Setf- 
hymn to jfpsllo^ note 118. at the end. And 
agreeable to this interpretation our poet very 
remarkably, after faying, the ro/y morn returns^ 
(the reafon why the facred virgins flieuld be 
ready) adds almoft immediately, E{»r A0HNAIA^ 

3 



Come forthy oh Minerva. The golden comb,^ 
wherewith her Jbtning hair Was to be fmoothed,, 
has a like reference to the rays of the 5»«, with 
what is mentioned hymn to Apollo^ ver. 52. and 
this cuftom of carrying a golden comb was na 
unufual thing in the ceremonies of fome other 
deities, but in all referring to the Gone. To (hew 
that this was no piece of luxury and delicacy ih 
Minerva^ fuch as that juft reproved in Fenusy 
hear how,, according to the ingenious Mr, Glover^ 
(wlfo has immediate claftical authority for what 
he advances), the warlike Spartans employed 
themfelves. 

Th^ Spartans then were ftatlonM out on guard, 
Thefe in gymnaftic exercife employed, J^e. — 
While others calm beneath thefr polifli'd helms 
Drew down their hair, which hung in fabtet 

curls. 
And fprcad their necks with terror. 

Leon IDAS, b. 3. ver. 635*^ 



BATH OF PALLAS. 

Or damafk rofe with glowing bluflies fpread, 

Comes from the Eaft : hafte therefore and bring forth 

The manly oil alone, by Caftor us'd 

And great Alcides : bring a golden comb 

To fmooth the fhining beauties of her head. 

Come forth, bright Goddefs : lo, the grateful choir, 
The daughters of the noble Aceftorides, 
Wait thy approach ; bearing in holy hands 
The glitt'ring fhield of warlike Diomed : 
As erft the Argives thy much favour'd prieft 
Eumedes taught ; he flying from the death 
By bloody hands defign'd, to Creon's mount. 



133 



40 



45 



Thy 



Ver. 43. Bearing^ &c.] Diomed was pecu- 
liarly favoured by Pallat^ and he with Vlyjfes 
recovered the famous Palladium from Troy^ 
which could never be taken while that image 
remaimd in it ; the ftory is well known, and 
fpofccn of at large by every writer on thefc fub- 
jefi8« We cannot have a better comment on 
our author, than the following lines from Ho^ 
mer^ in Mr. Pope^ tranflation. 

But Pallas now Tydidei* foul infpires. 

Fills with her force, and warms with all her 

fires : 
Above the Gre ks his dcathlefs fame to raife, 
And crown her hero with diftinguifli'd praife. 
High on his helm celeftial lightnings play. 
His beamy fhield emits a living ray : 
Th* unweary'd blaze inceflantftrearasfupplies, 
Like the red flar that fires th* autumnal flcics ; 
When frefh he rears his radiant orb to fight, 
And bath'd in Ocean (hoots a keener light. 



Such glories Pattas on her chief beflow^d. 
Such from his arms the fierce effulgence flow'd* 

B. 5. ver. I. 

Such was the care of Pallas for Diomedy and 
fuch was his Jhield : which was fiung up in a 
temple of this Goddefs at Jtgos, Pindar tells 
us, that Pallas conferred immortality upon 
Diomed \ and if fo,. we have d very good reafon, 
why his fhield, as being that of a God alfojt 
fhould be thus honoured : 

• 
and, accordingly, we read, that he was wor- 
(hipped as a God. I (hould be apt to conceive 
from hence, that here is fomc flrange mixture 
of fable : for the word AiOMHAHr fignifies the 
care^ or prudtncij or counfel of Jupiter^ which 
Fallas is /aid to be ; and this fljield one would 
imagine to be no other than her famous Mgisy 
of which I (ball have occafion to fpeak more* 



134- THE HYMN TO THE 

Thy facred image, which he bore away, 
Plac'd on the craggy rocks, which thence obtain'd 
The name, Pallatides, from thee, dread queen. 
Come forth, Minerva, whofe deftrudive frown 

« 

Whole ftates cpnfumes ; whofe golden helmet darts 



50 



Terri- 



Ver. 51. Comcy &c.] We fee the Goddcfs 
here in a new charadter, which is fomcwhat 
extraordinary for the Goddcfs of Wifdom^ as we 
know Pallas is efteemed in the heathen fyftem. 
But when we refer to what {he reprefented, 
thefe contrary attributes will no longer appear 
jarring and diffonant. That fhe fliould be 
efteemed the Goddefs of JVtfdom is no marvel, 
fince the outward and ftiining light of the Sun 
hath been ufed in every age, and by every peo- 
jje, as a fymbol to exprefs the inward light %nd 
wifdom of the mind : and in this view no won- 
der the invention of fo many and excellent arts 
have been attributed to Pallas^ infomuch that 
Orpheus calls her Vix»*'» i^^rt^ troXwoxft, the rich 
mother of arts. And when we confider the 
turning and fiery quality of that light, confuming 
and dejlroying all things with its fury and vio- 
lence^ wc have a very rcafonable foludon of this 
difficulty, why the Goddefs of Wifdom (hould 
alfo be the Goddefs of War. For it is the 
^ame bright and fplettdid light, which illumines^ 
and which burnsj rages and confumes. In re- 
ference to the head and fountain of that light, 
the folar orby Pallas is dcfcribed by the poets, 
and amongft the reft (as you read^ by our au- 
thor, as adorned with a golden helmet^ x^vai^- 
iruMJ. -There is a very contrary epithet given 
to this Goddefs from that of a dejiroyer of ftates 
or citieSy vtfmrroy*^, namely s^^iftroXif^ the pro • 
teffor or defender of cities 5 and how can thefe 
coStrariciies be reconciled, unlefe we refer to 
the different qualities of the fame lights where- 
by it conjumes, and whereby alfo it defends ^ and 
faves^ being the life and prefervation of all 
created things ? The fame qualities are afcribed , 
10 Marsy of dejiroyer^ coufumer^ &c« whofc 
G^^ek name Apuj, as well as his Latin one 
MARS^ is d.\ived from t\it Hebrew *<1N» and 



niN*D, JUR and MAUR^'^to Jhifteas light, and 
the receptacle oi light, a luminary, d>c Sun, Wr. 
See the Lexicons, By him it is univerfally granted 
thcfolar beat is meant ; wha, like Pallas, and for 
the fame reafon, is reprefented always in armour ; 
as flie indeed was born, according to the mytho- 
logifts, being alw3)'s expedite, always equipped 
and ready, and always in adion. Mars hath 
only the confuming quality : Pallas, as being 
Goddefs of JVifdom as well as War, enlightens 
as well as burns : Mars only reprefehting the 
light in ii^ fiery and violent, Pallas the L^t in 
its beneficent as well as dejlru6iive nature. Ho- 
mer^s celebrated defcription of Palla: preparing 
for war, will confirm what has been advanced. 

Now heavVs dread arms her mighty limbs 
inveft, 

Zove^s cuirafs blazes on her ample breaft : 
>eck'd in fad triumph for the mournful field. 
O'er her broad ihoulders hangs his horrid 

fl)ield. 
Dire, black, tremendous ! round the margin 

roird, 
A fringe of ferpents hiffing guards the gold : 
Here all the terrors of grim war appear. 
Here rages force, here trembles flight and fear : 
Here ftorm'd contention, and here fury frown'd. 
And the dire orb portentous Gorgon crown*d. 
The tn2iSy golden helm flie next afTumes, 
That dreadful nods with four o'erfliading 

plumes : 
So vajl, the broad cixcumference contains 
A hundred armies on an hundred plains. 
The Goddefs thus th' imperial car afccnds. 
Shook by her arm the mighty jav'iin bc;nds, 
PondVous and huge: that when her fury bums, 
Pround tyrants humbles and whole ftates over- 
turns. Iliad 5. ver* 908. by Popb. 



BATH OF PALLAS. 

Terrific luftre : thou, whofe martial foiil 

Proud neighing fteeds and clanging fhields delight. 

This facred day dip not your ample urns, 
Ye Argive maidens, in the running ftreams. 
But from the fountains draw : this facred day 
Hafte to the fprings, of limpid Phyfadea, 



135 



55 



Or 



Virgil^ the faithful imitator of Horner^ thus 
defcribes the celebrated Mgis^ of which the above 
lines are almoft a tranflation ^ 

Mgtdaqui horrificam^ turbata Palladh arma^ 
Certatim fquamii ferpentum auroqui polibanty 
Connexofque angues, ipfamque in peSfore diva 
Gorgonay defe^o vertentem lumina collo. 

JEtf. 8. 435. 

This terrible Mgis none of the Gods could 
wield, but Pallas j to whom Jupiterj as you 
will find at the end of this hymn, granted ««- 
t^ut vana ^t^ta^oti, to have, or carry all that 
belonged to her father : flie had the ^^w^r and 
forcey (he carried this ^gis ; by which is meant 
the orb of the Sun^ as many writers agree, and 
amongft the reft Turner^ who fays, <' the fhield 
or target of Afinerva called A*yK» or Mgis^ is 
no other than a poetical dcfcription and hiero- 

flyphic adumbration of the Sun.^* p. 178. But 
(hall have occafion to fpeak at large of it by 
and by, as alfo of the ferpents which were 
about it. No common reader can miftake the 
meaning of the helmet^ as defcribed by Homer^ 
whofe broad and golden circumference can be 
referred to nothing but what was hinted above, 
namely the broad and golden circumference of the 
folar orb. In the 43d chapter of Ecclefwjlicus we 
have a moft beautiful defcripiion of the 5««, 
where thefc properties, its brightnejs or purity^ 
and its heat 01 fury ^ are finely explained. " The 
pride of the height, the clear firmament, the 
beauty of heaven, with his glorious fhew ; the 
Sun whea it appeareth, declaring at his rifing a 
marvcllous-^inftrument, the work of the moft 
High. Atsioon it parcheth the country, and 
who can abide the burning heat thereof? A man 



blowing a furnace is in works of heat, but the 
Sun burneth the mountains three times more ;. 
breathing out fiery vapours, and fending forth 
bright^beams, it dimmeth the eyes, t^c. 

Ver. 58. Phyfadea and Amymone"] Were two 
fountains at Jrgosy (o called, as it is faid, from 
two daughters of Danausj of the fame name : 
the account which the author gives of Inachw 
confirms the general tenor of the remarks, that 
PaHas was Goddefs of the Ughty to whofe honour 
f ewers and gold were peculiarly attributed. Sec 
hymn to Jpolloy note 115, and 52. and hymn 
to Df/osj note 354. Spanheim is of opinion, that 
this notion, which was g^eral amongft the 
anticnts concerning the inadvertent fight of thfe 
Deities, proceeded from the fcriptures originally, 
or at leaft from fome tradition of what happened 
at that time, when God ordered the people to 
beware left they (hould gaze at him ^ndperijh^ 
&c. Jnd tie Lord faid unto Mofes^ Go down^ 
charge the people^ leji they break through unto the 
Lord to GAZEy and many of 'them PERISH^ 
£xod. xix. 21. as alfo from what happened to 
thofe who looked into the ark, — And the Lord 
fmote the nien of Beth- Jhenujhy bee juCb they had 
footed into the ark of the Lord, i Sam. vi. 19, 
i^c. And this great man alfo is of opinion^ that 
the cuftom of letting none but the priefts be- 
hold the more facted images of their Deiti^^ 
or enter into the nwrc retired and fccrct part of 
the ceremonies, proceeded from the veneration 
paid to the Holy of Holies in the *JeiviJh tern* 
pie, where none was permitted to enter but the 
high-prieft only, and that but once a year ; as 
obfervcd, hymn to Delos, note 112. You obfervc 
he calls Minerva, iivthc .66 line, guardian oiflates 
roAiHxoi'^ an epithet fim hr to that produced, n. 5 x. 



136 THEHYMNTOTHE 

Or Amymone : for his hallow'd flood, 

With- gold and flowrets mixt, from fertile hills 60 

Rolls rapid Inachus ; the beauteous bath 

For Pallas thus preparing. But beware, 

Beware, Pelalgian, left thy eyes behold 

With accidental fight the martial maid : 

Who in her naked charms Minerva views, 65 

Guardian of ftates, ah haplefs that he is. 

Then laft fhall Argos view ! Come then, come forth, 

Minerva, all-ador'd : mean time the Mufe 

A tale renown'd fhall to the virgins fing. 

Great and unequall'd was the tender love 70 

Which to a Theban nymph Minerva bore. 
The mother of Tirefias : join'd in heart 
No time or place cou*d feparate the pair. 
Whether to The(pians old, or Coronea, 

Where to her honour on the fertile banks 75 

Of pure Curalius altars ever blaze. 
And blooming groves their fragrant fweets diip'enfe, 
Or whether to 'Boeotian Haliartus 
The Goddefs drove her courfers ; ftill was feen 

Chariclo 



B A T H O ^ P A L L A s/ 157 

Chariclo partfter'of^e golden car : ; '^ i '^ ^- 80 

No converfe with.the nyihplis, hor fongi^'hor d^ 

At all delight her foul, if not the choir - ' • - 

Her lovd Chariclo led Vyit^ffie^nkFJiy ci^^rL-i-.r;::: , ;:::'.T 

Her tribute to deep woe, cv'ii flic, tHo* thus ' '^- " 

-, -, - • • . • . • • • • . • ■ , . . "^ 
By Jove's great daughter favoiir'd and'efteem'd.' * ' Sj 

.. - Their gilded clafps, their''3>rbidcr'd *zBn^ unloeis'''di '^" 

The naked pair ih'H^pbCTeneV spring ' • " ' 

Securely bkth'd,--^»ytemld*-dayiheSicerS^^ ''• '' " 

Thro' HeHcon's retMam^tt^tthe/'-baSaili' ^' '' * '^ ^ ■' 

Secure: 'twas ftillhefi adl T and' not a breath '96 

•Dlfturb'd the mid-day filence of the mount. 

• Tires IAS then', . whole 'dpwiiy^cKqffe^K^qke" • ' .'■' 

The dawning man, fought widi his panting dogs 



,) III ; : i .V. 



[rh^ 



.If 



Ver. 88. fFbiiey^c,} The repetitions ufed bjr as alfo what Ae prophtt fj^eaks tauntingly to 

the author here are ytry beautiful, and fer fu* the woriKippers of Baali i. Kings xviii. 27, 

perior in the original to any tranflatipn s no*; Cry aloud, for be is zGodi either he is talking, 

thing can be foftcr or ippr^ (wf^ thitfi thkUne, or— pcradv«nture, ht Jleepeth^ aifd thttfl h 

^^ ,v . 7/ iv^ : ^/' .i- awaied. And, for this reafon, they held it Uii- 

The reader will be ^^gf^ably Wt^t^iOffd'With a tbe^ ihould difturb their- Gods ! ' — A -good 

defcription of A«^ir*ir/jr an<i its fdence, by ojur ex* obfervation is drawn by fome of the conn^ 

cellent poet Thomfm^ in his Summer. The an- mentators from what is laid of Charich in the 

tients thought diat their Oods^ as tjrlcvius je- 83d and following lines, <* That the greateft 

marks, flept in the middle of the day: .to favourites of heaven mufl not cxpeA to be ex- 

which opinion may be retirred what the {hep- empt from calamities, which are the lot oi 

herd fay^ of Party in the firft IdyUium of Theo^ mortals, and often the greateft evidences of the 

tritusy ...'*; lov^oTGod. Whortihe /n/^x, he rebukfs and 

Thrc'fear ^/Pan / dare not pipe at noon, &c. '*«^^*" 



. Tj'he facred place : urg'd by. fej^t^ft hc)55i^<^. i. > 

For draught§,i;efteftf^§,frflpaj^c % j ,95 

Wretch that he was I ups^SOj^jhp.l^elql,,- = ; , 
What, unpermitted, i^€^,^i^g[!(t^vstc%A » 
Nfay fee unpuni{h'd.I,'hip;V:MiJ!iE)R}^JV}i(hus, 

^o mov'd witl|kicC|. *d#(l,; *• . J^BW^tfeft. \ 

« Of EucCT^, what JwcWp^Ji^qity.;. - . , loo 

« Gmded thy footfteps.tQ,thi*iJI.-fl^U^^c% r 

« Whence thou np jaapis flw^ J^W % .fefeit^^/55<?^ 
She fpoke : his ey«8c e)t3Sp^^ / _ 

§^echlefs he ftood : cJiiU .hpjrp?, frp^e; hif Urob^ 

Vcr. 96. »V#rrA f*Jf A/ fi|C/»r ^^JThe, i;^qi;i^nW Jdij9vah),#w<" h^fWHa^thfe^ fear 

offence was, beholding me Deides without thm .inr/, th^u Jhalt not die,' From whence it it 

permiffion, though it was accidental and itnd^- pUin, thfit thi^erfm^ who made himfelf vifihle 

figned : we are told in,ih^,}feaiA^J^bfldigfJ^ • taOlJsm in fone fornix mqAVkslj hmman^ wa» 

many favoured mortah, who had thetr eyes known by him to be the very and true God^ 

pufg^ and purified to behold the Gods. See otherwife his fears were groundUfs \ and from 

Ter. ^29 following: hvLt Ttrejias the poet tells thence it follows, that our Saviour is the T;/ry and 

yty true God, for he is the Jehovah Mel^k^ God. ma^ 

Om,4M«i. Mtf^ t«:^.«t|Mhr. ' ^' 9^/%^inlhtyArA l Ttm. tti. 16. whom, otherwife 

f«.^w,. «/L.«*.v..i»..^h-si.^ A* ..r-if ^A,V#r# thtn-as fo mamfeft^ no man hath feetiy nor can 

Invifcus^^;tf«^^»uudfwerat^^/r/r/.^ ^^ ,.?a„..vi/i6.. Sic^^iri^^^m/noee loi. 

Which) a4<wa9obfuyedirpmjS)k««iisMi, letms V«r« -104. JJ^oft/yi, fcc] So in Mikon we 

plsiinlyd$^yed.fr9m t6f Aitvtuvi* 7^0» VwgiS read, when yfi^m W4S p.rdec?4 to renaov^/rom 

nQ^ Jjtf mf.faH\ fidd Gfxl : for there fhall. as paradife, and thus to lofe fight, of the divint 

man jSJ^R.at.md livfty £xod.. xxxiH.. oa Aad Sun^ ^kih' ftMc upon him there in full 

hm^P tbA tei* oi.^Sid^ in }^/iivi..22. ^mf Inftif^^ ' • 

tvben, GidiP^ pOTKiiudt that be was an angd of ^ >a--. o* A^t^ r>^rm^ 

U fiiiit, and to be incarnate) Gideon faid, O Tbatiall h,* fenfcs bound, 

larJ. G4(rf ,nw ^i^it^ (Jehovah. AJoivai, th« ^' "^^ ""^^^ *^3^ 

pcciili?T . ntine of ChsiA^ /^ ^^oti^ I 'haw How different is the beautiful complaint of 

Jeen an angel of the Lard (the Melak Jebovah) j^^'s. following. thefe lines, to the wild grief 

fateto fa/ee. And the Lord faid unto himy (the of Cbaricloy and her little reverence for this 

I . venerabU 



3ATH ^F ?A'Lt AS. r^ 

Amazement {eaVdihrkfO^t: Bm^sa^ti^kiymph ^6^5 - 
Difbaaed cries, « eh i9d^e4 ^^^t^M «ko« 
« Inflided on my ibftt itid to^ 1^ p0^*i% 
« Ofhca/nfuchfrftaifef WI?y^,>*kmhiA^ ' 

« i^eje-fight, predate ^6't M^ J^itftdHed Ixjjr^ . 
" True,* thou haft fi^Mi^i^tA^halkedtJr^ttos, ito* 

<* But thou (halt fee ithfe fetee «f Sol no more !'- 
" Thrice mfferable modber^^Iienceadibii 
« Oh Helicon, adieu oti«e^*^te4!fiiig *hbittft t ^^ 'i " 

« A mighty- tribute haft itfej^/ti'dym'dfevere,^ . '. ' ■ '- ' 
<* My fon*s dear eyes, for thofe fe*«r fiyirig gbafs, tx$ 

« And tim'rous deer of ^ft#v wWhhfeliadi Ikihr ' '■'■■ ' 

Then, her lov*4'feft dtefefraSfiSttg, "Ibiid httnfeAt* ' 

Mixt with fad tears fhe pour'd, liltt Philo^i^ 
When fbrrow for her young fwdls every note, 
TheGoddefettiOv'dwiiihpitjr, toafl^jage ' t^'9 



Vitierahte Deity Pallkt f tVl HlM,. tMfe af^^ifM; cUI)r cb^YafaliKg of fiis ibiifoiMlfe, Sefirt^ io 

wanting^ eteti in wr better dnys^ ex&Mpk^tif be ^^ik^M )f^ fifMvk MA Ttrijhn i ht (^edoi 

fuch wUd extfatiigMce, and paffiMMe oj^xxd- '' of 116 iAon: feblt^ fhe Stkfly ' 

tngS ^tn of heaven itielf^ when its correSing . 

hand faHs hcairy : how fliouW futh irtftandes Of ; ; .= — ti.* Thee I ttvlftt fafe, 

intempefjttc *^d ina4 fofi^w t^ach us p.iHettee; AriB feclihy Ibv^Vdign tltal litHp : but Ithott 

and filwic rtfigwition to tiw <HVinc will f 'th the' . -^t^rfflt^ff ri6ttlrcfe eyes, ttoft riill^n vkih 



1 1 atU line the eic{H«fflM ^s^ lbttrtv*art*fikfc ttrit *" 'ta Md tHj^^itttltig fajr, ahd ftild nb dk^n 5'- 
which St, Ptftrf/Mfe* *6 ^l^i the fcri:ef<iri So dritk a ha^ fe^finfe HWh qtteilch'd tbeiir 
A£!s xiiL II. Thou flialt be blind, fkin^vtn t>lrbs, 

mvr^ »X^.t>5 ««» ^»#ro5. Milwi^ whcu patheti- B. iii» vcr. 19. Sae alfo vcf. 36. 

T 2 



140 THE H Y M N. T O T HE 

Her^ief, thus fpoke foft comfort tp her ibul : ..'::.:. 

^^ Oh noble fair^ recall each hafiy word ' ^ 

*^ Which blind refen^ment utterd.; 'tia not Ii . 

*< Who o'er his eye-Hds:fpreajl ,ettayd !. 

^^ What joys it me poor i^ortals to d^pt^^ ^ -IJ25 

^<. fjf that bleft fenfc .? But -thns old S^tura's » lawsf ; . 

^^ Firmly decree ;? f* Whoewijifli^^bfe ^^ 

** Any of heav'ns hig^ habitsints, uolbfs 

" By grace peculiar faypur'd withjhe^figibti^ ; _ 

*^ Dread penalties await the &|;^^ view P^ : : ijd 

•t -Xis paft, irrevocably paft : and thus ^^ 

« The Parea fp^n^th'nmaliteral^^ .doOffl i > :/jO - ' . 

** Or ere thy foo was born : thou then receive^ ' 

« Oh Euerides, this thy deftiny 1 



a 



How 



. Vefii 125. Wbatj^f^ &c.] This, iays Span-^ the iWf/i fiipeiior to all their Deities, as waa 

biinty Yecmcd very contrary to this -Goddcfs, in(huiced in Niajfity^ Yiymtito Deks^vtr, i6o. 

who.. was called ^tta^ft, Ltuifernj or ligbi" The ftoiy of Aciaon^ though fomewhat dif- 

heoriTy according to ProcluSy no lefs than Diana, ferently, is related at large by every my thologift^ 

See hymn to Dtana^ ver* 1 5* and to whom, under The reader will find a curious copy of a gim on 

the title ofQ^fiaf^, a temple was laifed near this fubjed in 5/#sf#'s /^i^mrm, plate i^, fig. ^. 

Sparta for preferving the pye ofLycurgus. Nay, Mr. Sfijui has given the ftoiy at large from 
ihe was named Uattifw and tyaa, and was , Ovid and JpuUius. This puniihment of Tire^ 

faid alfo to be the inventrefs of medicine, as Jias and A£faon is fufiicient to overthrow the 

Porphyry witnefles, loirfucv avo tik aOhpok vfw. obfervation made on thq 194th line of the i6th 

Whence aUb ihe was called tmifa,"' In *all hoq^of Mr. P^/s tranflation of/T^m^'sO^ 

which the reader cannot biit obferve thp exa£t y!^,. virfaere the, annotator did not confider the 

agreement between this Goddefs and JpoHo. See arcifmfbmce^ which CaUimacbm always care-- 

note 1659 and hymn to Jpollo, note 62. fully ioTifts upon, the imfohtntary fights 

Ver. 131. And thus ^ &c.] This was univer- * 

ially the opinion of ihe antients^ who imagined •->— «» %^hm. 



B AT H O P P A L L A S. 141 

^ JHow many vidiins wou d Autonoe give, 135- 

" How many Ariftaeus, to accept 

** With lofe of fight their hapleis Ion A^taeon ? 

" Him, tho' co-partner in the fylvan chace 

" With great Diana, nor that chace, nor Iports 

*\ la common ihar'd, rfhall reTcue from his fate : 14.0 

<* When naked in the Bath his luckleTs eyes 

*< Unwilling (hall behold the huntrefs queen : 

<* But his own dogs blood-happy fhall devour 

•* Their former lord : o'er woods and wilds fhall rove 

'? His weeping mother to regain, fad lot I 145 

^ His fcatter'd bones : and thee mean time fhall call • 

** Thrice bleft, who from the woods thy fon, tho' blind, 

f* Receivefl happy. Mourn not dien, my friend, 

« 

** Since greater gifts, for thy dear fake, from me 

" Await 

Ver. I49. Sihct greattr., &c.] Ovid fays, diat was blind — we find — «* Slutfdam ttiam 

that Jupiter beftowed that gift upon him } mundl philofopbtSy ut Mam togitationm ad mtntis 

p,„ I. •., „j,^t» eogtrmt puritatm^ pi «tules truiji.'* Epifi. 32. 

„ . 'TT J .^T **^'t ., I ad Abigaum ; and in the next tp this, fhcwing 

Sttrefutura didit, panamqut Uvavtt bonore. ^^^ J^^ ^^^ ^^^ y^ ^^^^^j ,3 „;f,„| 

The annotators upon our author have in gene- from any immediate iin in the perfon blind : 

nJ applied this to the mental faculties, which he adds, " Referes crimen in Jacob, cujus cali- 

, arc obferved for the moft part to be more ftrong gaverat acies, fcf cum interioribus ocuUs (f 

in perfons blind J who, all outward objefls be- J^iritupropbetali long} poft future profpiceret, EsT 

ing removed, attend more clofely and earneftly Cbrijium cemeret cU Jftirpe ngia ejje venturumy 

to the things of the mind : numberlefs in- Epbraim ii Manajfen videre non poteratr — 

ftances might be produced. In a paflagc It muft be remembred that Tireftas was always 

quoted by Spanheim from one of St. Jeromes led about by his daughter, and from^ her or 

EfiftUiy which he wrote to comfort a perfon fome other attendant was doubtlefs mformed 

3 ?^ 



142 TBjE' HYtfN TO XflC 

<< Await thy Ton : him iieriooferth wJU i ndie 

« A prophet, of all others motk ^enowni'd^ 

" As far mod excelleot : he )Qia4I dilcetai 

" Of birds the lucky -or valHcifcy 'fligln^ 

'< With all their -wkig^d augury :. :fttkl iifficK 

<< To Cadmus,. siii4 tJie fiunii X^ds^actdie, 

<< And to Boeotians fkoU his (bul ceveal 

<< Many high oracles : a mi^ty f^aiF 

** To guide his footft«|is wiU I «Ub give j. 

<< And cspw» hioL with •a'^lentJeeus lesgth of ilays. 



«ll 



« Aiid 



#f the particular 11^ of di€)&/r^, Mi9Q0e A% 
augury was taken, and fo delivered his oracles : 
the reader will 'find this- whole matter pfSivt- 
nation by birds tn % foil ^artKUfcamed matin^r ejt- 
plained by Spanhiim in his notes on this pafl'age. 
I (hall only juft hin^ rhtt it has feepird t9 
many ingenious writeri , that the <?uflom of di- 
vining by the flighty of birds tCK>k its cHginaj 
from fomc traditions 6( 'Noab't rttven and dove : 
which Spanhelm confirms by many clear proofs 
and arguments ; and we muft remember, that 
Deucalion^ zmong^ the heathens, had his^dtr/alfo. 
Ver. 132. A mighty Jhff'i &c.] Miya ffeucrfow^ 
JpoUodorus tells us, that this ftaft* was of fuch 
wonderful power, that it ferved him entirely in 
^he ftead of eyes. All the augurs had their' 
LituuSy their augural ftaiF, or rod, darijjimum 
infigne auguratus^ incurwtm &r leviter d fummo 
injiexum bacillum^ as Cicero in hi« book de Divi- 
natlone dcfcribes it. Thefe were of mighty 
ufe in their divinations $ and to thefe, the jnoft 
learned Spanheim well obferves, the prophet 
Hofsa iv. 12. moft probably alludca.-^" My 
people i-flc counfel at x,ht\vJtocks^ and ihtxtftaff 
declareth unto them.'* He fubjoins, " unds 
infuper aliis^ qua tanquam inter Mofen ac Tire^* 
Jiam communia colLgit vir magnus in demonjlra^ 



^mte t999tjgfelica^ mUi tjpptritm tibrS fi^^ Jii^ 
^aticiniis aut miraculis Mofis Baculo feu Virga 
in Mg^pto editis.** That the ftarfFs orrod6-«fed> 
ty^e aoguns, and fo this of Tirejf as ^Ifo^ pro- 
ceeded originally from the .traditions concern- 
iilg ttK ni oi Mafes^ can never fat doulited : 
homer C3\\$ the ikdiS 6i Tirejias x^vai^i axnwrfvtp 
V goldfnfc^ifre^ fccncxt note. And it/ccmsiiro-. 
i>ab]ettiat aH thettoAGa>{ Aie'fceptnsyJfa^Sj ctubSf 
caduceiy &c. of the heathen Deities were derived 
from the fame fountain of Mofes his rod: con- 
cerning which the jeivijh rabbis have many 
wonderful and aftoniming ftories to relate*: -as, 
of fts growth in Jetbro*s garden^ Ooffs his 
plucking it up, and performing all hislmifacles 
by means of the {Aefbble nrnie Jihtfffethy which 
was'npon «,*&;. Thefearethehrdveamsy \which 
are to be found in any of their writings. Tb« 
C^ ductus oi Mercury had a ferpent rolled round 
it, which, that it arofc from the fiory of Mofes 
\i\^ rod hecoming a ferpent, Monneur Huet 
afiirmFy as undoubtedly certain ; fuch too ^a» 
the rod of Ci'ru*. The reader maybe inftnided 
in this particular by referring to B'lbliotheca 
Bthlia^ v, 2. p. 88, ^c. Sceptres were a kind of 
ftaFs among the antients. See the account of 
Jchilks his fceptre, in the i ft Iliad, 



BATH' OF PA t las: 

«^ And when his long-^ua thceaA the FatesF. fhall culv 
« He pnly midft the fhiwlea aiallrHve. infpir'di 
** And fhare dread PlutaVfavoiin" Thus. (he fpokc. 
And fpeaking gave the nod : her nod is fate : 
Since Jovs of all hi» daughters this high gift 



1^0 



To 



Vcr. i6o» jfndwif% &c!] NotbingwlII bq 
a better comment onihis pjlaoe^than fome line* 

I doubt not, , CalUnmchu^, had iiia eye^ 

Thtfe feek'the-T^/teff^bard, depriv'dt^ fight; 
Within •♦^iriadiate with prophetic'li|ht : 
To^ whom P/r/l/^«^ intire and wholc^ 
Gave Xo- retain th' unfeparated ibo}. 

OdyCbjPoPE, B.X. 582. 
And 

Whea lo, the miehty Thsban I behold: 
To guidU hU^fiips he bore aftMffofge^: 
Awful he trod» majdlic was his look^ 
And imm bis holy lips thefe accent brcdce* 

OdyfllM ux, 

♦• ya^xxi fpeaking ef blmfelf faySy 

So much the rather thou eelefiial light 
Shine inward^ andthemindthro^ aUher pOiu^rs 
Irradiate^ there plant eyes, 

Mk. Pope obferves on the firft lines above. 
That Tirefias waa to be confeked hj Ufyjk 
rather than any other ghoft) becaufe^ according 
to Homet^ 

This expreffion is fully explained^ and the n^ 
tton of the foul after death, whic-h pievaikd 
anong(l the antients, is fet in a dear light, 
ver« 92. and 122 of the 23d Iliad* But whence 
had Tirejias this privilege above the reft of the 
d^d I CaUimaclmt afcribe$ it to Minerva. 

4^when^ &c. as In the text. v» 160. 

TuUj mouions th's pre-eminence of Tirejias in. 
his firft hook of Divination^ &c« But I ought 
JV)t ta f^pp(e6 what Diodtrus Siculta xeUtes . 



concerning Ttxefias^ BibUoth. £. he tells us, 
that he had a daughter named Daphne^ a prieft- 
cfs at Delphi: «* from whom it is faid, that 
the poet Homer received many (of the Sybils) 
vcrliis, and adorned his ixtm poetry with tliem/' 
IC thir he titue^ there Uy^ a debt of gratitude 
upon Honur^ and he pays it honourably by this 
diftinguiAiag diarafler, whicb* he gives to the 
Father," lie. See the note. 

Ver. 164* Sinci Jevt^ &c] Hence fhe i» 
fiud to fit ai the right hand of JupiUrj as weU 
9» Apollo. See hymn to Jpolio^ notes 41, 47* 
Whence AnftidtSj in his hymn to her, fays^ 
CbfJbfn^Mv fm. &C. BxstPindear fays, << that 
tiXtf Jkting. at iho^ right bamd^of thoRadmfy re*- 
oeires hia comnMnds which are to be carried to> 
the. other Gods«'' And again^ ^^ For flie is 
greater .than- iSckt angels \ and delivers to them the 
diflSerent commaads . which Am* receives from 
her father." Which words Spanheim obferves* 
are very like what we find in the SS. concern^ 
ing the divine and only begotten Son *^ being 
madefo nrnch hetUr than theangeb^ ice. Heb, i. 4*. 
He is alfo of opinion, that thefe opinions were* 
taken by CalUmachns from the LXX tranflatioi» 
of the Old Teftament. See his note on hymoi 
to ApaUoj ver. 29* One would rather ims^ine, 
that> thefe general notions of Jpolto's and Mi-^ 
fterva^s feffioa at the right hand of their father, 
proceeded from far more antient tradition con- 
cerjiing the divine myftery of the glory of the 
Father and of the Son r fmce we nnd it men- 
tioned long before the da3rs of CalUmachvs, Pin* 
dar^ as you have feeft above, from Arijlide% 
fpoke of the fame linng : and Homer fpeaks of 
the joint power of Jupiter and Afinerva in 
Odyu. H. ver. 264. Sophocles addreflcs her as 
the firfi 10 power,. 

DPOTA 



144 THEHYMNTOTHE 

To Pallas only granted, that his pow*r. 
Even all her father's glories fhe might bear. 
No mother bore the Goddefs : but the head 



♦i6J 



df 



Oed. Tyr. ver. 163. 

And Horace fpeaks of this as a well known ar- 
ticle in the heathen creed, 

Pr$ximos illi tamen occupavit 
Pallas bonores. 

Lib. I. Ode 12. 

And ApoUd 4uid Mimrva both (bared the fame 
honours f and were both equal in glory, becaufe 
they were both reprefentatives of the fame thing, 
the filar light 5 which, as has been often ob- 
ferved, being the emblem of the divim Son of 
Gcdf the heathens afligned his honours to thefe 
natural emilems : and having fome traditions of 
the true and divine lights forgot him, while 
they applied their trsuiitions to the material 
light. The expreffion which Callimachus ufes, 
n»rpAridi man» fiftaiat, to bear all her father^ s. 
honours^ is remarkably fcriptural : all things that 
the Father hath are mine^ fays the Son of God, 
John xvi. 15, And as the poet (ays, that Ju- 
fiter £kwto aOmwmi, gave to Minerva «arf<v»«. 
9tura, fo the Son of God fays, *' for as the Father 
hath life in himfelf, fo hath he given to the Son 
to have life in himfelf, and hath given him au- 
thority to execute judgment Mo^ becaufe he is 
the Son of man, John v. a6. and, all mine are 
thine^ and thine are mine^ and I am glorified in 
them, John xvii. 10.'* agreeable to which Jrif- 
vdes fays of Minerva^ ** So alfo (he is venera- 
ble in the fight of the father, and made partaker^ 
of all things with hioiy wana tttmoifoKimM.^' And 
the fame antient writer tells us, that (he was 
called the Amw^k nr Aw?, the power of Jupiter ; 
and that the works of Jupiter were faid, Kewft 
tH Atof 9a»i xpu TfK ABme^, to be the eommon^ 
works oUJupiter and Minerva ; which, as Span- 
heim conceives, may be referred to the myftery 
in the New Ttftamenty imperfedly known by 
antient traditions ; and when the true light was 
dcferteJ by idolaters, thefe honours, peculiar to 



him, were impioufly transferred to the .creature,' 
the material lights which St. PaulzS\xxt% us was 
wor(hipped more than the Creator^ namely Chrift, 
the true lights who is blefTed for ever and ever. 
Amen, Rom, i. 25. John i. 3. Spanbeim obferyea in 
the conclufion of his note on this paiTage, Mitto 
quodjicut adduSfo paulo ante locoy Arijlides Mi^ 
nervam Jovis parentis Amipr Vocat : ita ah im^ 
pio Ario unigenitus Dei Fitius ejus Lvbctfrn^ mi 
£of i«, fid non cfi^tmo^^Jiu eidem cutemus^ fta^ 
tueretuTy juxta Athamafiumy la i Gor, i. 24. 
Chrift is called the pwuer of God, and the wtfi 
dom of' God : the Holy Ghoft is calledaKb, the 
power of the Moft High, Luke i. 35. nay, and 
Chrift himfelf faith. Hereafter (hall ye fee the Soa 
of Man fitting on the right hand of POWER^znA 
coming in the clouds of heaven." Matt. xxvi. 
64. where cannot be meant either Himfelf or 
the Holy Ghoft y but the Father, as it is faid 
elfewhere. Sit thou on my right hand^ Pfalm ex. 
So that we fee each perfon in the Trinity is call- 
ed Aur»fA»c, Power J wherefore we muft conclude 
againft Ariusy and all his followers, that they are 
all equal in power : fince to all without any limi- 
tation the fame name is given. As to Chrift's 
coeflTentiality e/ocwia, he declareth it in St. John 
as fully and clearly as words can do it, • ^«o- 
ynnt vtof, O AN iif r» Mokirn ru ««t^. John i. 
18. And whofoever will confider the nature of the 
light which thefe heathens deified, and which, 
is the fcripture emblem of Chrift the Power 
and Glory of God, he will not longer doubt of 
bis coe(rentiality or coeternity with the Father. 
See profe(ror Ftanck's Chriftus S. Scripturae nu- 
cleus, or Chrifi the fum and fuhftance of all the 
holy Scripturefy ifc. rendered into Englifij p. 
46, a book deferving the attention of every 
chriftian, and excellently calculated for the 
convidion of every one, who doubts or di(be- 
lieves that fundamental article of Chriftianlty, 
the true and effential divinity of Jefus Chrift, 

Ver. 167- No mother ^ &c.] The poet goes 
on to account for this peculiar honour which 

was 



BATH OP PALLAS. 

Of fov*reign Jove, oh virgins i to whate*er 
The head of Jove {hs^ give the awfvd nod^ 
It ftands unalterably fure : and thus 
The nod of Pallas is the ftamp of fater 

She comes, the Goddefs comes : ye Argive maids, 
To whom your country's beft conc^ns are dear. 
With gratulating £[>ngs, with chearfiil vows. 



HS 



170 



And 



\ paid to Minirva^ atxt be aiEgns k to herUrtb, 
obferving that (he was i>oin oat ef fStut hfitaA of 
7«r^/Vfr, and fo from theiiee obtaifi«i tbtfe di- 
ftinguilhing privileges. The nod of Jupiter is 
univerfally known, and the fine d«fcription of 
it in Henur admired by all : fo that I have no 
need to fpeak of it here. The ftory of Mi» 
nerval birth, to which the poet alludes, has 
occalloned great enquiries amongft the mytho- 
logifts : and many learned rasn have been of 
opinion that it veiled the fublime myfteries of 
the divine w&ri and lights whereby all things 
were created : but I am apt to conceive it had a 
philofophical reference, and that, all which is faid 
of Adimrva can oidy be applied to facred things 
through the veil of that material light, which 
ihe repreiented in the heathen fyftem, and 
which was the known and acknowledged em- 
l>lem of the true and fpiritual light. Macre^ 
iius fays, p. 243. Minerva folis virtus eft : 
^fieut W Parphyrius teftatur AGnervam ejfe virtu- 
tem folis, quahumanis mentibus prudent lamfub* 
ndnijlrat : nam idea bac dea Jovis capite prog^ 
nata memoratur, id e/ty de fumma atheris parte 
dditOy unde origo folis eji, '* Minerva is the virtue 
of the Sun : as alfo Porphyry witnefles, that 
Minerva is that v/r^tt^ afthe Sun which minifters 
prudence to human minds: for therefore this 
Goddefs is faid to be bom out of Jfipiter*s heady 
that is, iffuing forth from the higheft part of the 
atbery whence the origin of the Sun is." Hence 
Phumutus tiysy K&pt^n h ©iw, &c. But the head 
of the Gods, according to Ew*ipid^s^ is the Jb'ming 
other which furrounds the earth." But what (hall 



we mAe of the pecttliar cireuAlhuiec in this 
tUMjiommnmRrklcafty who, with his M» cleft 
the flcuU of yifphery whence le«ped o«t this 
Pallas in compleat armottf f Turnef gites a full 
explanation of this matter, as you may ^ead in 
his book, p. 233, (^c. at large. Having proved 
that Fulcan and Premetbeus (for Prmetheus^ 
by fomc, is faid to have done this oftce for Ja* 
piter) were the fame, and no other than the 
Sun, be go^ on, p. 237. — ** Now the true 
expUcation of this fable in Apdlhderusy that 
P^ean or Premetheus cleft the head of Jupiter y 
to make a mcnre eafy paA^ for the birth tff 
PaUaSy is this : Jufiter in this cafe is the wfaote 
ettbery whofe head is the body of the Suny whofe 
rays are here compared to aJtes or hateietSi 'by 
which the other is pierced and cleft, as' to our 
outward fenfe it feems to be: and that froih 
this cleaving, Pallets was bora, the meaning is 
no other than this, that the Sun or rstys of the 
Sun do at leaft enliven 4Mid invigorate, if not 
create and caufe that agility and motion which 
is to be found in Pallas or Jupitery or the wide 
fpaciouis athery whofe parts all about, though 
they are of a finer conflftence, and More agil 
nature than thofe of which this earth and in 
atmoTphere are comppfed ; yet they themfelves^ 
as they are nearer to the Sun, or at a farther 
diftancc from it> fo they partake more or left 
of that influence, that warmth, and heat, an^ 
brifknefs of a\itivity and motion, which is com- 
municated and imparted by him ; as may be 
fecn by that part of the asther^ which, being 
mingled and interfperfed with this atmofphere 
U which 



1^6 TER HYMN TvO T H E, tfc. 

And acclamations joyful,. haA^i' receive. '. ,. 
Th' approaching Goddefs.: bail> MwIrya,. hail, 
StiU let Inachian Argos claim thj^.offe;: 

Hail or retiring hence, or to. our ftate ' . 

Thy favoured couriers guiding : and prfeferve 
In all prolperity old Danaus! race. 



175 



180 



which we inhabit, is in the winter cpHiparatively 
ftagnant, to what it is found by experience to 
4>e in the fummer feafon, when the fun fhines 
upon U9 with a d\te6k influence, and with rays 
more piercing and vigorous than at other times." 
7'hus we b&ve a clear explication of this mat- 
ter, confiftcnt with all that is related of Pal/as^ 
who is no other than the filar lights giving 
lights, and wifdcm^ and ///>, proceeding from 
the ather cleft by the Sun for the paSage of 
this armed Goddefs of TVifdom and War. And 
hence {he had her name Pallas^ which is of 
Hebrew original from 7^9, PALL^ to ftparatt^ 
divide^ and to a£iy as an agent, in an invifibU 
tnanmr ; and hence it is referred to the mind, 
knowing and judging^ and fo to what exceeds all 
human knowledge and comprehenfion. And hence 
Chrift, Ifai. ix. 6. is called K^fl, PaLA^ won- 
derfulj from the aSion of his emblem the lights 
which a4^s in an hidden, high, and wonderful 
manner. See Leigh on the word. Her other 
Greek name A0HNH, Athene^ which has per- 
plcxt all the Greek etymologifts, is alfo of He- 
brew origin, and comes primarily from DK or 
-TiriN, ATH or ATHE^ come^ approach^ and 
ilgnifies the fire or light darting forth from the 
filar focus J where it had been before formed. 
So is the daughter of Jupiter^ &c. Jttis^ or 
Atthisy MtBtif, ftiOnfi a^^u (a mountain often 
ftruck with lightning) are all doubtlefs deriva- 
tives of the fame Hebrew word, I have fome- 
times been apt to think, that A@HNH» was a 
compound word' of HK and pfl, ATH and 
TheNeN^ 2i ferpent, dragon, ^c, fo Athene \ 
for tht ferpent is the known and acknowledged 
emblem of the light in this condition, which it 
particularly reprefents in its darting motion i as 
alfo by its drawing in itjelf in its motion, it repre- 
fents-the influx of the Jpirit^ whereby thcejffluxoT 
darting out of the light is continued. And hence 



Athene or Pallas, is fcarccly . ever reprcfcnted 
without y^r^W/, which are always found round 
her agisy as you may read in the defcription 
given of it, note 51. Nay, and thefc ferpents^ 
to fliew the degrees of heat and violence in the 
Itgbty are fometimes defcribed as more^ fome^ 
times /f/} fierce ; .and hence. in the Orpine hymn 
to her, (he is even called, 

Multiform dragonefsy or ferpent. 

See headpiece to this hymn. And Pallas^ 
as being thus the unwearied^ eytr flowing lights 
is called aTfvrwfi^ a common epithet in Horner^ 
becaufc ihe is wearied out by no labour, ac* 
cording to PhurnutuSy 9 vf or arfvrv tv AISEPOS 
orroj, or becaufe the ather^ /IK, ATHy is by 
no means worn out. Phurnutus informs us, 
that the owl was dedicated to her principally on 
account of the bluenejs of its eyes^ as obferved 
note 15. and we may ac'd alfo, becaufe of that 
peculiar property which it hath of feeing in the 
dark. In Phurnutus^ and indeed in the whole 
hiftory of this Goddefs, the pbyfical ftory is fo 
blended with her other attributes, that it is 
difficult to feparate them : however, attending 
to the leading character which flie bears, the 
LIGHTy every thing concerning her wifdm^ 
wary virginityy &c. will be more cafily rcfolved. 
Many other proofs might be produced ia 
confirmation of what I have advanced, where- 
in the reader will obferve, I have only fug- 
geftcd the fentiments of able and learned men ; 
but I have already gone beyond my author, and 
almofl forgot that I was writing annotations only, 
while I had.well nigh expatiated into a difler- 
tation on this Goddefs : but I mufl here flop^ 
and refer the reader to the hymn of Orpheus 
following. 



End of the Hymn to Pallas. 




-. ^/T^'"^f^ 



THE 



Sixth H Y M N of Callimachus- 

lo Ceres. 



H E Calathus defcending, its approach 
Ye women, with the joyful chorus greet, 
" Hail Ceres, fertile mother, rich encreafe 
^^ And all-fufficing plenty are thy gifts.'* 
The pafling pomp view only, ye. profane, 5 




Ver. I. Tlje Calathus^ &c.] The fcholiaft 
informs us, that *< Ptolemy Phtladelphus^ in 
imitation of the Athenians^ eftablifticd fome cer- 
tain ceremonies at Mexandria^ in which was 
this of the facred bajket or Calathus. For it was 
the cuftom at Athens^ on a certain day, to carry 
upon a chariot a hajket to the honour of Ceres " 
"So that this hymn of our poet's was not written, 



as fome have conjeftured, at Jrgos, or for the 
ufe of the Eleuftnian myfteries as performed in 
Greece^ but on account of a ceremony of the like 
nature eftabliflied by Ptolemy at Alexandria, 
Concerning this Calathusy which was brought 
forth o^i the 4th day in the Eleufmian myfteries, 
you may read a full account in Potter's Ant. 
vol. I. p. 392. . Canijhay Ajw*, as our au hor 
U 2 calU 



145 THE HYMN TO CERES. 

Or virgin, youth, or matron, from the earth : 
Not on your houles, rais'd aloft : nor dare 



Behold 



calls them, Yer. 127. origj'were alfo carried in 
thb proceffion. Of each when we come to that 
part of the hymn, it will be more convenient 
to fay fomething. The chorus, which I fup« 
pofe was always fung upon this occafion, and 
which the autihor repeats at the latter end of 
of the hymn, ver. 120. fhcws fufficiently who 
Ceres was, and what was the defign of this 
folemn feftival. By Ceres^ in the heathen fy- 
ftem, is meant that power which caufes the 
feeds to fpring and grow out of the earthy fo 
gives fertility^ nourijhmenty encreafe^ ice, and 
therefore thefe attributes in this chorus are af- 
figned her. Her Greet name Anfikn-n^ is a cont- 
pound of ^9 or Aii«, Dio^ as (be is called in 
Lathy which is her proper appellation, and 
Mnm^ which numy ttymglogiftsr haire fuppofcd 
to be fu^ Pnpenf^f fcy » change of a hr P — 
Mother^earth : others have fuppofed Anw derived 
from Ana;, a verb fignifying to feeky becaufe 
Ceres fought her daughter Proferpine : bnt it 
appears to me, as if the original of the name 
Dio mud be found amongft the Hebrewsy and 
that it is a corruption of H D/, fufficlencyy and 
fo fignifies that power which gives jl fy^iefief 
of all things which caufes fertilityy encreafsy 
plenty y &c. From this woid n» it is univerfally 
confefled,v come Dkmsy Deus j the jtrahie Dty 
to pofTefs ; Ai^#fM, doy to give ; and various other 
names of the like foivid and import^ as yoii 
will find in all the bed lexicographers. And 
from henfe comes that great name of God "^It!^ 
SheDiy omnipotent, all-fuiliciene, he who hath 
in and from himfelf aliyo/^if/Virry and all abun^ 
dance. From hence, I doubt not,- Ceres had 
her name Adm, and was hence called Aa^art^y as 
by our author, the fertile mothery as agreeable to 
the import of the word I have tranflated it, or 
flie who is fufficient to give nourifhment, en- 
creaie and plenty to the earth, according to 
Callimachusy mnjXtnfof*, m>iOfAihf4n. Some have 
imagined her to be no other than the Moon^ and 
their opinion is founded on good authority. That 
flie was fuppofed to be that power in the Moon 
particularly which promotes fertility ^md enereafey 
is highly reasonable ; for we are to remember, 

3 



that herein the Moon is greatly concerned, as 
hinted hymn to Diana p. 53 note, and Diana* s^ 
fpeechy &c. note 276. and this doubtlefs is allud- 
ed to in that fine defcripdon of the plenty and 
happinefs of the ftates reg^ed by Dianay ver. 
180, isf yif. of that hymn. Macrobiusy Sat. p. 
247, having proved that Liber or Bacchus is 
the fame with the Suny advance% upon the au- 
thority of Virgily that (Seres is the lame with 
the Moon. — Hinc bf Firgilius fcienshibcrum pa^ 
trem Solem eje (^ Cererem Lunam, qui pariter 
fertilitatibus glebay ^ maturandis frugibuSy vel 
nofturno temperamento vel diurno calare mod$^ 
rantuTy 

— Vejlroy ait, ft munere tellus 
Cbaoniam pingui glandem'mutavit ariji&, 

where yo» oWfervc that MacfobtstSy upon the 
author!^ of Virgily afcribes the fertility of the 
earthy and the ripening of its fruits as well to 
th« ni^tly temperament of the Moony as t<o the 
diurnal heat of the Suni The paiTage in Firgit 
is very explicit. 

•— Vosyo clariiSma mun£.. 
Lumina, fabentem Gceio qua Judtis antiumy 
Liber & alma Ceres ^ '9efir9i &c. 

Gaoro. I, ver. 5. 

where it is obvious, that Liber and ahna Ceres 
are to be referred to ctgrrjjima luminm mandi^ 
the Sun and Moon : and it is amazing fo good a 
critic as Dr. Trapp (hould have fo puzzled and 
confounded himfelf by fuppofing the contrary*. 
As thus Ceres was, in the heathen fyflem, that 
power y liiztfafficient fertile mother, which caufed 
the encreafe and fecundity of the earth, therefore 
this feaft was celebrated to her honour, as a 
grateful memorial of the fruits of the earthy 
received from her bounty. Veiy able writers 
have concluded, that all the feafts of this fort 
were derived from the Jewipt feflivals of the 
like nature,when they offered to the true Giver of 
all encreafe the firfi-fruits of their harvefiy &c. 
Sec Exod. xxiii. 16. and BibVt. BibUca ver. z» 
p. 276. note 6. .and ver. 3. 364. 

Vcn 5. Thepajpngy &c.] All the prophane 

or 



THE HYM^f TO CERES. 

Behold the facred bafket, ye whoCe mouths 
With painful fdHng are p^ch'd up and dry. 
The bright-hair'd "Ve^er from a golden cloud 



r49 



ro 
Beholds 



or uninitiated, of what fex, age or ftate roever,^ 
>vere ordered to view this facred hsdkttMlf^and^ 
ing on the earthy and that for a very obvious and 
plain reafon, becaufe the iartb being facred to 
dresj as nourifliingy enriching and giving it 
fertility, it would have been an abomination not 
to have ftood upon it, and fo confeflbd the 
power of the Goddefs. Spanhehn gives the fame 
reafon. What I have tranflated virgin, is « nmr 
rtixi^aro ^nwr, ea qua diffuMt CapilloSj a para- 
phrafe for a virgin^ who, amon^ the Greeks 
and Romans ufed to have their hair loofe and un- 
bound, as Spanheim has, with a great labour of 
learning, proved in his note on this place. The 
original of the 8th and 9th line is very difficult: 
commentators fay it alludes to the fading of Ceres 
mentioned in the fubfequent lines, of which 
the Goddefs was by no means to be reminded 
by any at this facred time, when more efpe- 
dally they honoured her as the giver of 
plenty. 

Ver. 10. The bright-hair'd Fefper J &c.] This 
is no more than to inform us of the time when 
this ceremony ^vas begun, namely, at the even- 
ing, when Hejperus or the evening-ftar appear- 
ed ; and the reafon of their beginning at this 
time, as thofe of Pallas in the morning, as 
mentioned in the former hymn, note 34. was, 
becaufe the Moon^ whofe vegetative power Ceres 
rcprefentcd (as obfervcd above) rifes at this 
time, {hewing herfelf at the evenings when the 
Sun departs. What the poet fays concerning 
Hejperus or the evening perfuading Ceres to 
drtnk^ &c. Spanheim is of opinion, alludes to 
the cuftom oi fajiing on this folcmnity, which 
they ufually did till the evening ; in remembrance 
of the faft which Ceres kept till the evening 
when feeking her daughter. But it fcems pro- 
bable fomething more is meant hereby, parti- 
cularly by the poet's expreflion of drinking : he 
does not fey that Hefperus perfuaded her to cat 
and drink, but only «*«», to drink ; which pro- 
bably allude^ to the notion they had of the 



MoQfis being fiipported b/ the Sea^ as well as 
Air^ yrYivAifupporty flie might then be fuppofed 
to take when flie appeared, namely, at the 
evening. Confult hymn to Diana^ note 231. 
However^ be that as it will, this whole ftory^f 
her feeking her daughter Proferpine has plainly 
and confefledly a pbilojopbical meaning; for 
Proferpine is no other than that power that hides 
^nd prefervesy even in their &zts of corruption and 
dijfolution^ the feeds under or in the earth, apud 
inferos^ during the earth's recefs in the winter 
from the Sun. Hence (he was ^igned to have 
been the winter half of the year in the ihades 
below, in deflate of deaths with Pluto^ and the 
fummer half of the year with her mother : and 
hence, in the antient remains, Ceres is found 
drawn by ferpents^ with a torch in each hand, 
feeking her daughter, to ihew, that by the in- 
fluence of the light only, and its power in v^- 
getation^ Proferpine can be recovered and brought 
up from the infernal kingdom. See the hymn 
to Diana for the meaning of the torches, note 
15. and to Pallas for the ferpents, note 1^8, ai 
fin. But fome lines from the Orphic hymn to 
Proferpine fet this matter in the cleareft light : 

♦EP££4»ON£IA' ♦fiPEIS ya^ cm Mk warra OO* 
NETEir- 

Vernal, rejoicing in the gales that feed 
The fertile meads; thy facred hody Jheioing 
In the firft. germens of the yet green frui: : 
Raviih'd and carried to thy marriage bed 
After the autumn : thou only life and death 
To mortals toiling and laborious ; thou 
Art Proferpine^ for thou 'ere heai'eJlM tilings. 
Yet all deflroyeji and corrupteft all. 
Hear, Goddefs, and from Q?iii\\ fend forth the 
fruits. 

Nothino; 



I50 THE HYMN TO CERES. 

Beholds the grand procefHon : he alone 

The Goddefs couM perfiiade to tafte the draught 

Refrefhing, when thro* many a dime unknown 

She fought her ravifh'd daughter : fay, dread pow'r, 

How the long journey cou'd thy tender feet 

Support enfeebled, to the diflant weft. 

The tawny iBthiopians, and the cUmes 

Fam'd for the golden fruit ? All food mean time. 



15 



Or 



Nothing can be plainer, than what is meant by 
Proferpiney from thcfe lines ; the derivation of 
wbofe name, according to Orpheus^ (hews her 
nature. The word «pflr«7ifM»», which Orpheus 
ufes to exprefs the ravijhing of his natural Pro- 
Jerpine^ is the fame which Callimachus ufes on 
the fame occafion, ver, 9. AfiraytfAoq xufa^. It 
is obfervable, that Orpheus in the fame hymn 
calls Proferpine ^»t^f§, light-hearer ^ the epi- 
thet of Dianoj which they who have confider- 
ed that triform figure of Diana, which repre- 
fents her in her threefold capacity, Diana ^ Lu^ 
na^ Hecate^ powerful in heaven^ on earthy and 
in helly will not wonder at : for thefe arc only 
references to the power of the Moon^ and fo of 
the light which proceeds from her, in the ge- 
nial work of nature : for this light a£b in each 
of thefe ftates, as well below or upon the feeds 
and plants^ when under the earth, and in a ftate 
o\ corruption^ as when they are rifen up, and 
cloath the earth with their beauty. What an 
infinite number of inftrufting and comfortable 
truths may be deduced from hence ? and how 
may we beautifully contemplate the refurreSlion 
of our bodies from a ftate of death and corrup- 
tion to a ftate of g^ory by the power of the di- 
vine light : for nothing is quickened except it 
die ; and nothing is quickened but by the power 
ot light. See i Cor. xv. 36. 

H lloway^ in his Originals^ vol. i. p. 32. 
fpt* akingof this/r//tff/;i idol (which fee in the head- 
piece before the \\ymnto Diana ) fays, ''Thefame 
3 



idol (to exprefs what they principally underftood 
by it in phyjics) was furthermore called by the 
Greeks ^ua^o^o^ Oia, light- bearing Goddefs, as 
alfo Aft^xof, torch-bearer: whence again the 
Romans had their Facilina in the fame fenfe : 
which names, though covered and difguifed 
with the mafk of the fable, muft have been 
taken from the phyfical agency principally un- 
derftood by thefe attributes and names, which 
was that of the light and heat in generation : ac- 
cording to that definition in Cicero i Luna a 
lucendo nominata eji^ eadem eji Lucina : the Moon 
has its name from illuminating or immitting light 
into bodied ; the fame is alfo Lucina. Their 
whole meaning was, that the celejiial light con- 
ftiiuted the genial powers in nature^ which they 
deified under thefe names Luna^ Lucina^ H^a 
(which, according to our author, comes imme- 
diately from rTSPt Ere^ to conceive, the name 
of Juno, the imagined female power in the 
air and earthy which matures and brings the 
foetus to its birth, &c,) And that the attributes 
above given, fvo^Qpo^, facilina^ ^c. were phy- 
fically right, Floly Scripture hath informed us, 
Deut, xxxiii. 14. (as quoted hymn to Diana 
ad init,) For the precious fruits brought forth 
by the Sun^ and for the precious things put forth 
by the Moon,'* — To do juftice to this learned 
writer I fhould quote him much more, but 
cannot deprive the reader of fo much pleafure 
and inftru6)ion, as a thorough peruial of this 
work will give : to which I refer. 



THE HYMN TO CERES. 151 

Or meat or drink, and the reviving bath 

Difdaining? Thrice the filver ftream you paft 20 

Of Achelous, and as oft each flood. 

That with eternal current ceafelefs flows : 

Thrice to the center of Sicilia's ifle, 

Fair Enna, urg'd your courfe : and thrice diftreft 

Befide Callichorus on earth lay down 25 

With hunger faint, and parch'd with thirft ; for meat 

Or drink, or genial bath, to thy fad foul 

Gave nor fupporting ftrength, nor kind relief. 

But ceafe, nor let th' ill-omen'd tongue relate 

What caused the Goddefs woe : far better tell 30 

How fhe with wholfome laws fupplied mankind : 

Far better tell, her favourite how flie taught, 

Tripto- 

Ver. 32. Far better^ &c.] All words of ill the antient Hebrew writers the feaft rweEE- 

omen were religioufly avoided in the facred ce- MO^OPlftN, of giving the law, in memory of 

remonies of the antients ; all, which feemed to the law given from mount Sinai*' To which 

portend or even to call to mind any thing un- Spanbeim adds, that the laws engraven on tableT 

fortunate and diftrefsful. Therefore Callimachus cfbrafs were hung up in the temple tf Ceres : all 

checks himftlf, and turns to the praifes of the the Gentiles agreeing to refer the benefit of the 

Goddefs ; who, from the particular mentioned gift of laws to a divine original." Thus hath 

in this line, was called BKr^o^epo^, and her rites this moft accurate and learned commentator 

&a^(Aofofia, as alfo in Latin Legifera ; fo Virgil^ pointed out to us the true origin of this appella- 

^n. 4. ver. 58. Legifera Cereri. Which appel- tion, which was given to &r/^ of Legifera^ or 

lation of law-giver is generally faid to be affigned Lawgiver ; whofe feaft, called @s<r/bu^opia, was 

her, becaufe, 2Jkteri\\e invention of corn by her for plainly an imitation of the Jewijh Pentccoft, or 

the ufc of mortals, lands then firft began to be feajl of harveft^ when the firji- fruits of the bar- 

divided, and fo laws of neceffity took place. See veft were offered to the Lord in commemora- 

Macrobius^ Serviusy &c. Spanbeim obferves, tion of the fr/l-fruits of the Law as at that time 

*' That it (hould not be omitted here, that the given from mount Sinaiy and as figurative of 

feaji of Pentecoji^ or loprn ^%^\a\M feu «vpafA9rif, the firft fruits of the Spirit^ given alfo on the 

\he feaft ofharveft or of wheat-harvejl^ Exod. day of Pentccoft from mount Sion^ 
xxiii. 16. xxxiv. 22< was alfo ufually called by 



iSZ THE HVMN TO C E R E 8* 

Triptolemus, bleft Agriculture's art, 
To reap the bladed crop, to bind the (heavet. 
And with unmuzzled ox to tread the com. 
Far better (from fuch crimes to warn mankind,) 
Relate the wretchednefs, to which her rage 
Proud Eryfichthon thro* £erce hunger brought. 

Not yet, ThefTalian Cnidia their abode. 
At facred Dotium the Pelafgians raised 



35 



40 
A 



Ver. 33. TrtptoUmuSj &c.] ConcerniogTr/^* 
tolemus Ovid fpeaks thus at the end of the 5 th, 
book of his Metamorpbofes^ 

'^Geminos Diafirtilis angueSy bfc. 

— Then Ceres takes 
Her golden car, and yokes her fiery fnakes : 
With a juft rein along nid-heaven (be flies^ 
O'er earth and feas, and cuts the yielding (kies : 
She halts at jfthens dropping like a ftar. 
And to Triptolemus refigns her car. 
Parent cf feed fhe gave him fruitful grain. 
And bad htm teach to till and plough the plain : 
The feed to fow, as well in fallow fields, 
As where the foil manur'd a richer harveft 

yields, Maynwaribo* 

And from thus teaching agriculture, (be had 
her name CERESy which is only the Hebrew 
word tJ^in> CeReSHy latinized ; which figni- 
lies to plough J and is applied to works of agri- 
culture^ &c. I a^ pleafed to find all the moft 
able writers on thefe fubjedts agreed in what I 
have advanced note lo. concerning the ph^cal 
import of this fable concerning Ceres and Pro- 
Jhpine, ipanheim has thefe words, *♦ Unde 
ciium Proferpina fub terras^ qui iifdem Thcf- 
mophoriis, originem dediffe Jerebatur^ raptusy 
allegoricam SEMINIS in terra reconditi figni- 
ficationcm a pud eofdem Gracos hahuijjey tradit 
de cidem fejlo agens Arnobius, lib 5. p. 183. 
S^iod a Phurnnto Ji mi liter monitum in Cerere." 



Phuntittus^ in the ptacc ccTcrred to by Spembeim^ 
is very clear, p. 209. A^trmo'ai '0 aAk» &c But 
PlsUo is fabled to have ftolen away the daugh- 
ter of Ceres : becaufe of the occultation or difap- 
pearance of the feeds for a certain feafon, under 
the earth. Ami rm >iMfM»4 nri Xf^ant rum nn tm - y 
lAortn Harm >ik ofovi^fMr, &c. See the author. 
And the Abb^ Banier^ fo unluckily wedded, as 
he was, to his hif^orical fyflem, bears, this 
notwithflanding, the following full, thoueh un- 
willing teftinony. *« Notwithflanding all thefo 
tefli monies, mofl mythologijis look upon the rape 
of Proferpine to be only an allegory, which has 
an obvious relation to agriculture. Thus, ac- 
cording to them, the divifion which Jupiter 
makes of the time which this Goddefs was to 
(lay with her hufbaad and mother, means no 
more but that the graim, after having lodged fix 
months, appears upon its furface, grows up and 
ripens." See b. 4. c. 8. p. 52. v. 3. Is not 
this the facred bcdy of Proferpine^ as Orpheus 
calls it ? I have quoted thefe authorities to (hew 
the reader, that the opinions I advance are by 
no means fingular : it would be eafy, did the 
compafs of thefe notes permit, to be more co- 
pious in authorities, which 1 doubt not the can- 
did reader willexcufe, the learned need them 
not, and there is no occafion to inform them, that 
all through thi^^ work I have advanced nothing 
without the fandion of antiquity, fo that no 
charge of novelty can arife, but from the »»- 
learned and unjkiifui^ 



THE HYMN TO CERES. 

A beauteous grove to Ceres : fuch the fliade, 
The.lwiftcft arrow vain wou'd ftrive for paffage, 
Through branches clofe with branches interwove, 
Tall pines, luxuriant elms, the fertile pear, 
And apple glowing with its ruddy fruit. 
A cryftal river, bubbling from its fpring, 
Water'd the grove, which Ceres fondly lov*d 
With deep afFedlion, more than Enna's vale, 
Triopium, or Eleufis. But, incens'd 
His better Genius, what dread counfels rofe 
Deftrudive in proud Eryfichthon's breaft ? 
Behold with twice ten flaves he fallies forth, 



»53 



45 



SO 



AH 



Ver. 41: J beauteous greve^ &c.] AB the 
heathens had their facred groves, the great abo- 
mination of which is fufficiently clear, from the 
commands in Scripture to the jpeople of G6d con- 
cerning them. Their original was doubtlefs 
from the tradition of paradife : and the great 
ofFence was, their making to themfelves thefe 
mck EdenSj thefe paraiUJiatal gardens and 
groves^ in contempt of the true JehoHJahj with- 
out whom they pretended to arrive at the tree of 
Life. This grove of Ceres^ you may obferve, was 
a very plain copy of paradife ; here was all beauty 
in it, all forts of pleafant and defirable trees, 
here was a river of water which ran through 
it, as the riven in paradife watered the garden, 
and here was a tree^ fuperior to the reft, the 
foplar^ fuy» Att^ftw, aAif^ xvfw, to anfwer to the 
great tree in the midft of the paradife of God. 
The poplar was facred to Hercules^ the folar 
light in its ftrength ; fo it is plain, this grove 
vras confccrated to the Ugbt^ and thence to 



Ceres or the Moon^ who borrows her Kgbt from 
the Sun. And I need not obferve what many 
learned men have thought and written concern-* 
log the tree of the knowledge of good and evil in 
paradife* It was indeed my firft intention to 
Iiave been pretty copious both upon thefe gar- 
dens or groves in general^ and the dedicated tree 
in particular; but finding this fubjed handled in 
fo full and mafterly a maimer by Mr. HolUnuay 
in his Originalsy it would be prefumptuous in me 
to take the fubjeA in hand after him : and as 
any extrad would not do him the jiifHce 
which a full peruial of his thoughts muft, I 
beg leave to refer the curiquis and learned rea* 
der to his enquiries on the words ^J» and ]^}7, 
garden^ and Eden^ in the ift vol. 79 ^ Jeq. 
pag. of his Originals^ and particularly page 15, 
£ffr. of the fame vol. 

Ver* 52. Behold^ &c.] .TT>cre can be no 
doubt, but the exploit of Gideon muft have 
greatly raifed the indignation and dctefbtion of 

X all 



154 THEHYMNTOCERES. 

All in full vigour, and as in attempt 
So in their ftrength gigantic : fraught with pow r 
Whole ftates to overturn, each mighty arm 
Wielding a pond'rou$ axe ; daring the Gods, 



55 
Dauntlefs 



all the heathen idobters ; and there spears to 
me fo ftrong a reference lo it in this ftory of 
Eryjichihonj that I am apt to believe it took its rife 
from what Gideon performed, who deftroyed 
the grove facred to Baaly (he Lopd of the hea- 
vens, the folar light, as Eryjichthon this which 
was dedicated to the light^zs obii^ed ifi the 
laft note. The hiftory in judges vi. 25. is re- 
markably fimilar. << And it came to pafe the 
fame night, the Lord faid unto him, take thy 
FATHER'S young bullock, even the fecond 
buUock of /even years old ; an4 throw down the 
altar oi BaAL which thy father hath,^and cut 
down the GROVE that is by it : and build va 
altar up to the Lord thy God, upon the top of 
this rock, in the ordered place ; and take the. 
fecond bullock, and offer a burnt-facrifice with 
the wood of the greve^ which thou (bait cut 
^lown. Then Gideon took TEN men of his 
SERVANTS, and did as the Lord had faid 
unto him : and fo it was, becaufe he feared his 
Cher's bouSiokl and the men of the city, that 
Ik oould AOt do k by day, that he did it by- 
night. And mrisen the men of the city arofe 
f^ly in the morning, behold die altar of BAAL 
was, caft down, and the GROVE was cut 
down that was by it, and the fecofid bullock 
V^ oStixA upon the altar, that was built, ^c** 
\ refer the reader to the Bible, and leave hija 
lo make his own remarks. 

In a poem called Gideon or tht Patriot^ print- 
ed for Miliary 1749* the author of which I 
know not, book the 1 ft* ft. 31. isaloi^de-. 
^ilp-iption of this grove of Baal^ iq the centre of 
which the poet (and perhaps not without reafon) 
places an oat : 

Flat like a tabled plain, the la(( high ftage 

Nourilh'd one towering oak^ whlch-ftrongly 

ftood^ 

The time-fwoln growth of many a perifli'd 

age. 

And bore on one proud trunk a fpacious wood. 



Down, o*er the fhadow'd groves, about th' enor- 
mous branches hung, 
And form'd a iheltry arbour round the pole : 
Mov'dby the wind with muriu'ring fweep 

they fwung. 
And blew cold horror over Gideon's foql, &r» 

He fpeaks, ft. 33. of the tenfervants^ 

Up rufh the fummon'd ten with glad confenf^ 
To ev*ry hand zjhining axe he gave, 
fiad tkem be Jcefolufie and brave, tfc. 

In the next, be feems almoft to have imitated 
what Callimachus fays in the 60th line. 

Speaking he cleavM the image at a blow. 
On either fide the parted Godhead fell ; 

Winds o'er the groves fhrill-fhrieking ecchoes 
blow. 

And all the demons of the place groaned help- 
leis from l>elow« 

See alfo ftanza 37* 

OviA, in bis acf ount of thi» affair of Eryftch^ 
ti^s, bath placed am oak in the mid ft, inftead 
of 2L poplar: his lines are a pkin imitatioA of 
Callinwehus, 

Stakat in bis ingem aimofo robere quercus, &f^« 
Met. lib. 8. ver. 745. 

An antient oak in the dark center ftood. 
The covert's glory, and itfclf a wood : 
Garlands embrac'd its ibaft, and from the 

boughs' 
Hung tablets, monuments of profp'rous vows. 
In the cool dufk its ungterc'd verdure fpread. 
The Dryads oft their hallow'd dances led, k^c. 

The reader m.iy read the whole ftory as 
tranfla'.cd by Vernw in Gartb*% Ovi4^ vol. 2. 
p. 79. 



THE IHYMK TO CERES. 
Dauntlefs they nifh into the hallbw'd grore ! 
A poplar, mighty tree, that bofc aloft 
Its towering head to heav'n (beneath whofe (hade 
The nymphs at mid-day fported) firft was ftruck, 
And falling groan'd foreboding to the reft. 
The facrilegious fliock the Goddefs heard, 
And thus indignant fpoke ; " What impious wretch 
" Dare wound my beauteous trees ?'* Iiiftant fhe took 



'55 



60 



Nicip- 



Ver. 63. What imphusj &c.] OiwV, intro- 
duces a Dryaiy fpeaking, on this occsdion» 

When from the groaning trunk a voice was 

heard, 
A Dryad I, by Ceres* love preferred. 
Within the circle of this clafping rind. 
Coeval grew, and now in ruin join'd : 
But inftant vengeance fliall thy fin purfue. 
And death is chear'd with this prophetic view. 

It is obfervable, that Callimachus calls thefe 
trees kaaa, beauteous and Jtefirahle^ as well as 
f acred \ fo the prophet fays, ye ihall be ajhanui 
of the oaks which ye have DESIRED^ &c* 
Ifau i. 29. As the firfl tree was pleafant to the 
eye^ and a tree to be deftred to make one wife. 
Gen, ill. 6. And we may juft remark, that 
Ceres does not fpeak of the trees as all facred 
or dedicated to her, vcr, 69, 70. Tat diohni 
#MifuMt Aiy^f i». Ceres was generally defcribed 
(aod fo her prieftefs, who reprefented her) with 
a croWn made of corny and with pofpies : and 
that for very obvious rcafons ; for £he was the 
Goddefs of corn^ amongft which popples are al- 
ways found : *' T« 7«^ rfoyyt^j &c. The 
roundnefs and globular make of which, fays 
Phumutus^ rcprefents the form of the earth, 
which is fpherical : the inequality of the poppies 
Ihews the vallies of fhe earth, and the tops of 
the mountains : the inner parts are like the 
treeS) and Caverns of the earth : and *Hy the in< 
numerable feeds is figniiied the great fertility of 



the earth, ^c** Various other rcafons arc 
moreover added by mythologifts. Some 
fay, that the prieQefs here is defcribed, with a 
key only ^ a badge of her ofEce ; others make 
it a myftical emblem of the ftcrecy of the Eleu- 
finiah myfteries ; but the true reafon muft be 
drawn from that power which this Godde& re* 
prefents in nature, which was the grand fccKt 
in thefe fame Eleufinian myfteries, namely, her 
locking, up and opening again ihe wom^ of 
earth, whereby the work of vegetation is carried 
-on, the feeds buried, and locked up in the earth 
for a feaibn, and at the proper time brought 
forth ; the myftery of Proferpine*s abode utuLr 
and above the earth, as (hewn at, large before. 
And hence, in the firft Orphic hymn,, to rifofiw- 
j^aia^ the Groddefs who prefided over all entraif^ 
ces^ &c. whom he calls a^i/xk, £iAfl»0(/ia, &(:. 
and fpcaks of as the Goddefi of child-births^ and 
all the births of nature -y hence, I fay, be gives her, 
as the opemr 2jiAJhutter^ the epithet of 

KAEIAOTX*— Key^bearer,. 

which is reclaimed by God to himfelf'in the 
iacred Scriptures . and he who alone haih tho 
power of the neiv birth^ and the refurreftien 
from the de^d^ is faid " .To have the key of 
the heufe of David laid upon bis fiou/derr; fo he . 
(hall open and none fliall ftiut, and he fhall fliut 
and noae fhall open. Comp. Ifaiah xx2. 22« with 
Revel, iii. 7. See<» for a further account hereof) 
Hollowa/^ Originals y vol. I. p. 185 — 90. 
X 2 



156 THE HYMN TOCERES. 

Nicippa's form, her prieftefs : and in hand 65 

The crown and poppies bore : the myftic key 

Hung from her fhoulders : and in fort like this. 

She ftrove to fboth the vile offending mortal : 

" My fbn, whofe lucklefs hands thus wound the trees, 

" That heav'ns high powr's hold facred — oh, defifl : 70 

" Ev'n by thy parents tender love, I plead, 

" Defifl, my fbn : and fend thy fervants hence, 

" Lefl fhe, whofe grove thou injur'fl, be enrag'd, 

« Dread Ceres." — ^He, with looks more furious far 

Ey'd her afkance, than upon Tmarus mount 75 

The lionefs birth-tortur*d (from her eyes 

When anguifh flafhes fury) growling views 

Th' advent'rous hunter : " Hence, he cries, this axe 

" Lefl in that corfe thou feelefl : hence and know, 

" For Eryfichthon this thy facred wood 80 

" A fplendid dome fhall form : whofe jovial roof 

*' Shall with the banquets revels ceafelefs ring." 

He 

Vcr. 65. Nicippa ber prieftgfsy &c.] Virgil With filver hairs her temples were o*crfpread, 
has imitated our author here. And wreaths and verdant olives crown'd her 

head: 
— In vultusfefe transformat aniles, iftc. Her withered face with wrinkles was imboft^ 

And in the wonaan all the fiend was loft : 
£i9* 7. 416. She now appeared a venerable dame. 

And to the couch like Jufio*s prtefteis came. 

Pitt- 



THE HYMN TO CERES. 
He fpoke infultmg : Nemefis his words 
Ill-omen d, frowning mark'd : Ceres incens'd, 
Glow*d with refentment : inftant (he affum'd 
The Deity : on earth flie flood, her head 
Touched the heav'n : the Uaves, with horror ftruck, 
Rufh from the grove half-dead : and in the trunks 
Fail fix'd their axes leave : unnoted thefe 
(As by their Lord*s commanding pow'r conftrain'd) 



^57 



85 



90 
She 



Ver. 86. On earth j &c.] Almofl all the 
poets have on fome occafion or other given a 
defcription of this kind : Homtr led the wayy 
where fpeaking of Difcord he fays, 

Difc9rd^ dire fifter of the flaught*ring powV, 
Small at her birth, but rifing every hour : 
While fcarce the ikies her horrid head can 

bound, 
She ftalks on earthy and fhakes the world 

around. Pope, II. iv. 502. 

Vtrgll has followed him very clofe in his de- 
fcription of Fanu : 

Firft fmall with fear, (he fwells to wond'rous 

fize, • 
And fblks on earth, and tow'rs above the fkies. 
Pitt, Mn. iv. 263. 

and of Orion he fays, 

Ingrediturque fob^ i^ caput inter nubila condit, 

jEn. X. 767. 

He walks on earth, his head within the clouds. 

The introduiflion and grandeur of the perfonage 
in CalUmachus renders his defcription not in- 
ferior to either of thefe great poets : upon each 
of which the reader may find a critique by Lon- 
ginusy as alfo by Scaliger, both of whom are 
mentioned and referred to in Mr. Pope's note on 
the paffage above from Homer. Our Mi/tony 

3 



inferior to no poet in any refpe£t, hath, in my 
judgment, herein exceeded them all : fpeaking 
of Satan he fays, 

— On th' other fide Satan alarm'd, 
Colleding all his might, dilated flood. 
Like Tenerijf or Atlas unremov'd : 
His ftature reach'd the iky ; and on his creft 
Sat horror plum'd. 

Parad. Lost, b. 4. ver, 985. 

But ftrange it is, that while we are admiring 
and applauding thefe high efforts of human ge- 
nius, we (hould forget that great fountain from 
whence they flow, and where fublimity reigns in 
every page. What are thefe defcriptions to thofe 
magnificent words of the Omnipotent — Thus 
faith the Lord, the heaven is my throne^ and the 
earth is my footftool : where is the houfe that 
ye build unto me j and where is the place of 
my reft ? Ifai, Ix. r. Who hath meafurcd the 
waters in the hollow of his hand, and meted 
out heaven with the fpan, and comprehended 
the duft of the earth in a meafure, and weighed 
the mountains in fcales, and the hills in a ab- 
lance? xl. 12. But fuch paflages are innu- 
merable : I (hall only juft obferve, that in tr\e 
book of Wifdontj we have the cxaft image, 
whi^h thefe poets have borrowed, — ** And rt 
TOUCHED the HEAVEN^ but it STOOB 
upon the earthy xviii- i6. 



158 THE HYMN TO CERES, 

She fuiFers to retire : while thus {he pais^d 

On him the dreadful feutence : *' Build, ay, build, 

•< Thou dog in heart, in fufF*ring, build the dome 

" To fhare the jovial banquets : fcafts indeed, 

• " And feafts inceflant are hereafter thine." 95 

She fpoke : and Eryfichthon inftant felt 

Her heavy hand avenging : hunger keen, 

Horribly ftrong and burning with fierce rage, 

Dry*d up his bowels and confum'd his frame. 

Wretch that he was, enjoyment but increas'd 100 

Defire : his hunger was but fed by food ! 

Twice ten prepared him food, twelve flaves drew wine. 

For Bacchus was his foe : fince, who offends 

Dread Ceres, mufl offend the God of wine. 

From focial banquets or the friendly feafl 105 

His parents, ftill devifing each pretext 

With 

Ver. 103. For Bacchus^ &c.] Bacchus^ by joined and conneAcd with the honour and wor- 

Pindar called n»fii|p«c, the ajf'ejjbr of CereSy fhip of the other. In the 123d verfe we have 

was worfhipped together with her ; to him as an inftande of the fimplicity of the primitive 

well as her the invention x)f agriculture has been ages, vihta Kings fans fed their fathers flock, 

afligned ; Ceres is called in the Orphic hymn to and the chief of the people were not averfe to 

her> Bpofiioicr» ^v»rftoc: all which Spanbeim has pajioral employments. But this I only hint, 

obferved, and which is eafily accounted for, numbers having already treated the fubjedt fo 

upon the obfervation made in the iftnoteof fully. In the 90th line, i^c. we have an ex<> 

this hymn, that Liber and Ceres ^ according to ample of retorting punifliment, which feems to 

Virgily arc duo lumina mundi^ the Sun and Moon^ have been of general ufage % to which allude 

aiTcfTors, mutual operators in the produftions of thefe lines in Sbaie/pear's Laar^ 
nature, and fo the honour of one is neceflarily 

The 



THE HYMN TO CERES. 159 

With painfulnefs of care, detained their foa : 
Him to Itonian Pallas* iacred games 
Th' Ormenidae invite : His mother cries, 
" To Cranon tribute to demand he went no 

** From hence on yefterday.'* Polyxo' came, 
Together with the fire to call the ion 
To her Adorion's nuptials : tears o*erflow*d 
The troubled mother's eyes, while thus confused : 
• " Thee Triopas fhall vifit ; but my fon, 115 

<< Nine days has groan'd beneath a deadly wound 
" A boar's fell tufk on Pindus' mount infixed." 
Unhappy tender parent ! what excuie 
Didft thou not feign ? to feafls did any call ? 
Abroad was Eryfichthon :— to the mirth lao 

Of fprightly nuptials ?— or the difc hath flruck. 
Or from his horfe hath fall'n the lucklefs youth ; 

Or 

The Gods are juft, and of ovrpl^afant viceS| ait pmude Theodcrttua Quftft. TO. in Numerer^ 

Make inftruments to plague and punifh us. p. 146* t. i. ^ *^ ya^ « ayutfthay h» r«rM n r%* 

liMpw pit qu4g enim quis peecatj per ea pumtur. 

Ste the BMUties of Sbaiefpear, vol.2, p. 133. ^tfrumvero eximplum-eji efu/antis qu:tidie di* 

^< Cujufmodiy fays Spanheim fpeaking hereof^ vitisy Luc. xvi. 27. ac in ea ttiam parte qua 

cbvia uiique in veteri ac nov$ foedere ixempla : plus deHqnerat, itidem pttnitiy ftUy ut de eo ait 

ficut (ut bac duo tantunty hie magis opportunoy Cbryfoftomus Serm. Ixiii. in Divitem ^ Lazarum 

hue addueam) unum extat mulieris adukeray p. 730. t. 5. rurT^iAwnv wi^itat, \ ni tm rf*. 

cujus uterus aquis maledi£fienis in panamdijrum- pm tAA^oM. in lingua punttur^ qua cibos acce* 

pendus dfcitur : Num. -v. ai. ^' od quem locum per at P 



i6o THE HYMN to CE RES, ; 

Or numbers he his flocks in Othrys* dale. 

Mean time within, the glutton banqueter, 

Sequefter'd, fed his hunger : ftill the more 1^5 

His greedy maw devour' d, the more demand 

His fwoln infatiate bowels : where finks down 

Th' improfitable food, as rivers loft 

In the voracious ocean's deep abyfs. 

As waxen fhapes, or ihow on Mimas top 130 

Before the mid-day Sun, fo faft confum'd 
His miferable form : till on the nerves^ 
The fibres and the bones were only found. 
The mother wept, the tender fifter plain'd, 
His nurfe, and each domeftic waU'd his hap, 135 

Lamenting : his grey hairs in piteous fort 
While the old father tore, and thus pour'd forth ^ 

To unregarding Neptune his fad foul : 
** Oh, falfely call'd my father — ^view this third, 
" This third from thee ! if from thyfelf indeed 140 

" And fair JEolian Canace I hold 
" My high defcent ; and yet this fon of mine 
" Is made thus wretched I Oh, that flruck by Phoebus 
" My hands had to him paid the laft fad rites I 

« But 



TH^ HYMN TO CERES. 
" But now fierce hunger, all-voracious, fits 
" On his funk eye-bajls : father, or av^ 
« This fell 4ifeafe, pe take him to thyfelf 
** And feed the fiiff'rer.: for no mojre my board 
" Its wonted hofpitality affords : 
" The widow'd .fields, fhe-ftilj, <leferted ftalls • 
" Mourn their loft habitants : and cv*n the cars , 
** Their very mules rcfign : a iacrifice 



i6i 
145 



150 



(( 



His 



Ver. 145. But now^ &c.] Nothiiig can ^- 
ceed the defcripdon which our poet gives of 
the miferies of this hunger to EryJUhthm^ and 
of the famine confequent upon it to his friends: 
this fpeech of his father's to NMune is very 
pathetic, and juftly admired. ^Vnat a view it 
gives us of the heathen Deities, who weW.no't 
able to prbte£l their immediate offspring from 
fuch horrors i The circumftanccs' ftlcdci by 
CaUimacbus are apt and great ; a particular, ac- 
cording to Longinusy pf ^lupji art, ^d excel- 
lence, and highly ferviceable to the fublime ^ 
not only an ox, but one dedicated to Vefta^ and 
Jong preparing for her ; not only a horfe, but one 
fam'd for war, and vidor in the courfe, fall 
viiftkos to Jiis hunger; sUid^thefe coi^uiped, .the 
moft difagre^able and oiFeniive anjmals to the 
appetite are all devoured by him ! I muft juft 
pbierve, that as the ox was always dedicate^ t;o, 
and a^Cymbol of .Ae filar fir€j . fo this conJSiicois 
what indeed. wants little pxoQU th^t/^^ (as 
obferved hymn to Delos^ n. 441.) is no other than 
thtfilarfin : sudfovicti^frfa. A's^ajTu]! com- 
ment on this famine, ^c, in C^llfmachuSy I will 
give you OviJ!t defcrlption of the fame matter, 
borrowed from our author, without doubt, 
tho* teautifufly heightrieJ. ' 

Tfae raombg capie, |he night, and (lumbers 

.paft, 
But ftiU the furipus pangs of hunger laft | 



The cankVous rage ftiU ^naws with griping 
pains, • - .... i ... . 

Stings in. his thrpat, and s;i his bowels reigns. 
Strait he requires, impatient in demand, 
Pfovifions from the air, the feas, the .land ; 
But fho' tKe:land, air; (eas, provifions grant. 
Starves at full* tables, and complains of want. 
What to a. people might in dole be paid. 
Or viAiial cities for a ionghJod^ade, 
Could not one wolfiih appetite alTuage $ 
Fpr glutting liouriihment increas'd itsjrag)^' 
As rivers pour'J from ev'r'y diftarit (bore 
The fea infatiate drinks, and thirfts for more ; 
Or, as the fire, which all materials burns. 
And wafled forefis into aihes turns, 
, Qrows more vpracious, as the more it preys, 
Recruits dilate the flame, and fpread the 

blaze: 
^So impious fir^htbm*6 ^nger raves. 
Receives refreihments, and refrefhn;ient8 

craves. 
Foo^ raifes a defire for fopd, and meat 
Is but a new provocative to car. 
He grows more empty, as the more fupply'd. 
And endleis cramming but extends ;the\oid. 

. Varnok. 

Ovid tells us, in the fubfequent lines, that he 
offered alfo' to prdftitute his own dajjghter for 
fupport, as the reader will find by cbnfulting the 
latter end of the 8th book of the Metamorthofss. 
" Y ^ • ■ •• 



i62 THE HYMN TO CERES. 

" His pious mother had for Vefta fed, 

" The long well-pamper*d ox ; the vidor fleed, 

" Once glorious in the courfe and proud in war ; 155 

" And ev'n domeftic animals, become 

" All vidims to his raging appetite." 

While ought the houfe of Triopas contained, 
His menial train alone the evil knew : 

But there exhaufted all^ when famine rag'd i6o 

Thro' the deep defert palace, fad to view 
Befide the public ways the fuppliant fate, 
A monarch's fon ! and ruefully infxeats 
The Icraps and fordid refufe of each fcaft ! 

Oh Ceres, ne'er be foe of thine my friend. 165 

Nor under roof with me 1 th' imhallow'd wretch 

Thy 

Ver. 165. Ob CireSf &c.l So in the facred Jamg r9o/y eating and drinking with fubUeans 

books we read, << An unjuft man is an abomi- ziAfinmrs. 

nation to the juft, Pr^v. xxix. 27. And, Do Horace has a paflage in his ad ode, 3d book, 

not I hate them, O Lord, that hate thee } And immediately referring to tbefemyfteries of dres^ 

am not I grieved with thofe that rife up againft and the impiety of the man who profiuied them 

thee ? I hate them with perfect hatred : I count by divulging their inviolable fecrecy : 

them mine enemies, PfaL cxxxix. 21. 1 had % 

rather be a door-keeper in the houfe of my Qod, Efi bt fidilij (fc, 

than to dwell in the tents of wickednefs, PfaL * ^u * -. u* ^i. r r a 

Ixxxiv. io.» Innumerable paflages of the fame That treach rous man, whofe fcoffing tongue 

fort are found in Scripture, and from this fpring c«-«'^Jflerious rites and facred ways, 

flowed aU thofe nodons of the antientt conc«n- ^j^ ^^^ ^.^ ,^^^.j ^^^^^^ ^,^ r^^ 

ing the pollution, «JV- arming from the profane ^ ^^^ ^^^ ^. » 

and enemies of the Gods : and hence the great J ^ r " 

indignation conceived againft our Lord by the J* * 

formal pharifaical Jnusy for being umUr the See the prophet Jonah chap, u 



THE HYMN TO CERES. 

Thy hate incurring, juftly merits mine. 
Ye virgins fing, ye women join the ibng, 
" Hail Ceres, fertile mother, rich encreafe, 
" And all-fufficing plenty are thy gifts." 
As to thy fhrine four milk-white courfers bear 
The facred Calathus, fo wheeling round 
StiJl favourable, Goddefs, lead along 
The varying feafons, Ipring and fummer clad 
In milk-white robes, winter and autumn rich 



163 



170 



^75 
With 



Vcr. 169. Hail, &c.] The reader will per- 
ceive that thefe are the fame with the lines uled at 
the beginning of the hymn, and make up part of 
the chorus fung by the women, which ends at 
the ^8oth line. Some of the external ceremo- 
nies are here allegorifed and explained to us, fo 
that we need fearch no further } the facred my- 
fteries none were to divulge. The Calathus 
was drawn by four milk-white courfers, becaufe 
white is the emblem of the folar as well as the 
lunar light : hence the fwan dedicated to Apolloy 
hy . to Apolloy n. 94. hence the fil ver bow of Diana, 
hy. to Diana^ v. 160. And' becaufe the Sun and 
Moon moft exert their influence in thtjpring and 
fumnur, therefore it is obfervable, our author 
gives them, not autumn and winter, the ept- 
uiet of Afv«or« white. It is plain from CalUma^ 
chus, that the cuftom of walking upon this oc- 
cafion with their heads and ^eet b^^re and un- 
covered, was in atteftation of their full depen- 
dance upon the deity they worftiipped for bodily 
prote£lion and defence. Some writers have fup- 
pofed, that this very general cuftom amongft 
the Gentile idolaters of walking barefoot in their 
religious fervices, proceeded from GotFs eom- 
mand to Mofes, Put off thy Jhoes from off thy 
feet, &c. Exod. iii. 5. " Hence the Damons, 
fays yujiin Martyr, Apol. 2. p. 74. had their 
mimicry of requiring their priefts to enter their 



temples always barefoot : as the priefts obliged 
their people alfo to do/' But our learned 
countryman Mede fays, '* I am prone to think, 
that thefe words unto Mofes gave not the firft 
b^inning unto it, but were an admonition only 
of the divine prefence : thereby commanding 
the rite, then accuftomed in places fo hallowed : 
and that therefore it was rather as other reli- 
gious rites, derived onto the Gentiles by tradition 
from the Patriarchs before Mofes. See thin' 
learned writer's farther illuftrations on this 
cuftom, Kb. 2. of His works, ^ 3. p. 348. And 
certainly his opinion is confirmed by a great 
number of old profane authors, of whom it wiH be 
fufficient to mention only a few. According to 
yamblichus (de Fit. Pythag. c. 18.^ it was a 
rule in Pythagoras's rubrick or precepts for di- 
vine worfllip, Ovia xpl ANTnOAETON, '&c. Dif 
calceate, or pull off your Jhoes before you approach 
the facred ordinances. And fo of Apollo's priett 
in Valerius Flaccus, 

Delius hie long} candenti vejle facer dos 

Duett li adfluvioi, ^ vincula folvere monfirat 

Prima pedum. 

Silius Ttalicus fays of this, E lege parentum PES 
JNVDUS, in the cafe of public calamity, i^c. 
See Bibliotbeca Biblica, vol. 2. p. 30. 
Y 2 



i64 THfi HtMN tC CUKtB. 

With fruits ; and to the next pttktvt the year. 

As with uncover'd head trtcf naked feet 

We trace the city, fo from harms fecare 

May we poflefs our bodies I FilFd' wi^ gold 

As women bear the fecred canifters, iJlo 

With the bright ore fo may our coffers fwell F 

Far as the Prytaneum, let the pomp^ 

By women not admitted to the rites 

Moft fecret be attended : there reeciv*d 

And ufher'd to the Goddefs, by thofe dames 185 

Moft venierable, who thrice twenty Iprings 

Have feen returning : and let thofe oppreft 

. % 

Ven 179. FiWd wiibgoUy &c] It is pbw cottfKuricd die Goddefs in her fearchafter Pr^- 

from hence) that thefe facred Amm^ or eaniftersy ffrpim^ with' a Urcb in bis hand : whence his 

were fikd widi gold, ascheC^rAiMia or baiket ilatue always held a torch. How plain is aiL 

was filled according to the poet, ^Ms stgr^iSusj this myflery, when referred to nature, the Sun 

mtbthffpoib and fruits $f the field : ^fecon* being ever the attendant of C#f^f, the Meofty in 

feffedly contained the nijrfteries, and indeed we her fearch after Broftrpine^ the vegetative part 

have different accounts of their contents: but of nature- f Archbiihop P^///r, in confiraiation 

fifDm what our author fays, all hert feems plain of this, vol. i* p. 391. fpeaking of the officers^ 

enough ; and, decyphered, thefe cerroionies (ay ufed in- the Eleufinian myfteries,. fays, ^* The 

no more than this, '< That as drei was the Hieropbantes had three affifhints, the firfl of 

^ver of corn and encreafoy fo from thence pro- which was called from his office ^uAix9<, i. e: 

ceeded the riches and wealth of man." It is-re- torch-bearer j and to him it was permitted to 

markable that a Autm, a facred Cijtoy Canifler, marry. 7 be fecond was called Kufwif* of whofe 

or whatever you chufe to call it, was ufed alfo office I have already given an accounts The 

in the ceremonies of Bacchus^ which was fur* third miniflred at the altar, and was for that 

rounded wkh ivy^ and drawn by a ferpem,. as is reafon named Oi^-a rmgvfM. Hierophantes is faid 

feen on fome antient coins : nay,, this Cijia or to have been a type of the great Creator of all 

Vannus was common both to Bacchus and Ceres^ things. AtAx^t of the £««« K«^y. 6i Mer» 

Liber o and Libera^ as Spa heim obferves. More- cury ; and O kv* rv fiuytfy of the Adoon.'* -^&y 

over, the flxth day o^ the Eleufinianr myfbries th^U howtver juft this may be, which I don't 

was called low^tf^f, laecbus or Bacchus y from undertake to defend, yet we plainly fee, they 

laccbus the fi)a of Jt^ter and C^eh who ac* uoiverfally referccd die4 thii^ Do mii^e^ 



fnt HYMN TO CERES. t^i 

By wdght of years, by pregrtancy or pangs 
Of foon-approaching chi]d--bitthj 6ut attend 
Far as their feeble knees permit : on fuch 190 

Cerb« as richly will her bleflii^ poor, 
As if they reach'd her temple I Goddefs hail, 
la concord and profpcrity preferve 
This ftate : and from the fertile fields return 
Mature!!: plentyl Feed our flocks and herds ; 195 

Bring forth the com, and happy hanrefts ^vc ; 
And peace, fair peace fupport, that the glad hand 
Who fow'd may reap his laboifr's hapjy^ fruit. 

On 

Ver. lay* Andpiocej &c.] Onfj is no God- build houfes and inhabit them : and they fliall 

defi without peaa^ war levels all her produdi- plant vineyards and eat the fruit of them, Ifai. 

ons, her gifts then are deftroyed^ and ihe ceafes Ixv. 2. Comp. Amos ix. 14. and Ezekiel xxxiv» 

to blefs mankind. So that no wonder the poet 26. 

charafter, is applied to by the h^thens for Says Virgil in his firft Eclogue. 
peace : nay, and is faid to l^i it. j^.^ ^^ ^^^ ^^^ barbarians phnt ami fow, 

♦iXn y oAj3io)0tMfdi' "Bifmti «^f]po^ emr. On thefe, on thefe out* happy fields be- 

He loves wealth-giving Peaccy a Goddefs the ^^^kL„,„ «,u«. L^ ^^ ' c^^ ^;^:i 

nourifher of men, flys Euripides : and on fome ^ood hcav n, what dure effcas from avd 
amient coins we find Peace herfelf reprefented ^'^'^ ^^^ '' DitYftRM 

with the infigma of Ceresy with cars of corn j^rydbn. 

round her head, in her brcaft, and hand: to ^^^ ^^ ^ ^^^^3 ^j, ^ ^ ^cgs the 

which Ttbullus doubtlefs alludes, whcfn he fays, Qoddefs to give peace |v 

At nobis pax alma veniy fpicamque teneto. ^ ^ \ 

Lib. I. £1. io« Pace Ceres lata eji : ^ vos orate cobni 

, . . , • . . 1, -^ Perpetuam pacem. pacificumque ducem. 

See Spanhem's note. It hath been well ob- ^ ^ ^ ^ "^ Qvid. Faft- lib. 4. 

fcrved, that the words following in our author,. 

iAat the glad bandy &c. are agreeable to Scrip- Of this we iball fee more in the Orphic hymn to 

turcji and many profane writers, '* They (hall Cercs^ j 



} 



i66 



THE HYMN TO CERES. 



On me propitious Cnile, queen thrice ador'cji, 
Great emprefs, of all female pow'rs fupreme ! 



200. 



Vcr. 199. On me J &c.)* Callimachus con- 
dudes hts hymns with a prayer to the Goddefs 
dres for himfelf, ix«d» fM», bt propitious to m$ ; 
have nurcy on me, Ixoadim fM», the words of 
the publican's prayer in Luke xviii. 13. and this 
phrafe \kx^% f*ot, was very common with the 
heathens. The poet honours^ his Goddefs with 
very high appellations, 

7hrice adored^ great queen of the Goddeil^ : 
which expreffion Spanbeim thinks means no more 
than great queen of the number of the Goddef- 
f;:s : by a like manner of fpeaking with A»a yv- 
wakntn, fanSla dearum^ ^c. and yet he produces a 
remarkable paflage from Euripides^ where the 
poet calls her, Oia avarrm a»tw9»» Goddefs the 
queen of all ; with remarkable iimilitude to our 
author. Hence {he is always Mum^, mother^ 
£kn»i m»mun9if»i Ceres the mother of ally as in the 



• Orphichymti to her, to which I refer the reader; 
obfcrving iaftly, that (he was called rpjXXirf, thrice 
adored) quaterv^cata audis (fays Horace) in 
reference to that threefold power of which I fpoke, 
note 10. Hence in ode 22. lib, 3. Horace calla 
her Diva triformis, and yirgil^ 



Tergeminamjue ffecateft^ 
Diamt. 



tria vtrginis ora 



Hence the old epigram, 

Terret^ lujirat^ agit^ ProferpiKa, Luna^ Dtana^ 
Jmayfupremajferas : fceptro, fulgore^ fagittd. 

No wonder Callimachus^ upon this view, calls 
her fxiy» zfeut^a Btam, great queen of the God- 
deffes J fince into this power, afit feems,, well 
nigh all the other Goddefles may be refolvcd, 
who are only parts and attributes of this great 
triform Diana, 



End of the Hymns ^Callimachus. 



7 



SELECT EPIGRAMS 



AND THE 



CO M A B E R E N I C E S 



O F 



CALLIMACHUS. 



THE 



Encomium of Ptolemy by Theocritus, 

AND 

Six HYMNS of Orpheus 



T O 



JUPITER 
JUNO ' 
APOLLO 



DIANA 

PALLAS 

CERES. 






^ v^ ^ ^ y . 






.. *. v.l .a :». J^.. 



SELECT 



EPIGRAMS. 



I. 

« 

FO R counfel fage to Pittacus the wife 
With doubts perplext an am'rous youth applies : 
" Dread fire, two virgins covet my embrace, 
^^ The firft my equal both in wealth and race : 
" In each fuperior fhines the fecond fair : 
^^ Which fliall I wed — ^where fix, oh tell me, where ?" 
He fpoke ; the fage, his footfteps faithful friend 
Uprearing, cry'd, ^^ Lo thofe thy doubts will end, 



Sele^ Epigrams J &c.] I have given the rea- 
i€x a few of our author's Epigrams, as they 
are excellent in their kind, and as a fpecimen of 
the fimplicity of the Greek Epigram : which we 
are to lemember in its firft original Intent was 
no more than uxhy^^jifM, an infcription^ ^^~De 
bi^oria Epigrammatis ^ origine turn res ttim vccis^ 
hac accepimusj confuejfe antiques Jiatuis Deorum 
y bermm infcnptiones quafdam bre^)es infcul^ 
ptriy qua nrvyfopat tsf tiriyfafAfjMra nominabantUTy 
tfc.'\ Thus Dr. Trappy in hb Praleif. Ppttica^ 



« Take 

PraL I ima ; where the reader will find a com- 
plate diflertation on the fubjeft. The word 
Epigram^ and the fpecies of poetry going under 
that name, rendered it necefTary to obferve this, 
at the entrance of thefe little poems of our au- 
thor, which moderns would rather call mifcella- 
neouSy than epigrammaticaL There is a remark- 
able pafiage quoted by Madam Dacier from the 
fcholiaft upon Mfchylus^ which would almoft 
incline one to believe, that this firft Epigram of 
our author's was foam(led on. a real ftory. The 
Z ' reader 



lyo SELECT EPIGRAMS. 

" Take their advice — " and pointed to the throng 
That urg*d the fpinning top with finacking thong : 
Attentive to their words the youth drew nigh 
And oft, " Take one, one equal,*' heard them cry 
Whence warn'd he fled the loftier beauty's charms, 
And took the equal maiden to his arms. 
A choice like his in wifdom wou'd you make, 
So you, my friend, to wife an equal take. 

II. 

^ A Y, honefl Timon, now efcap'd from light* 
^-^ Which do you moft abhor, or that or night ? 
" Man, I moil hate thefe gloomy fliades below, 
" And that becaufe in them are more of you." 



in. 



reader will find it in the Varmum or Gravius^s From cv'ry ftroke flies humming o'er the 

edition of Callimachus. Horace fpeaks of the ground, 

inequality of TeUphus to fccurc his humbler And gains new fpirit a& the blows go round 

Phyllis to himfelf, Pitt. 

Tilephum Martial has an Epigram (lib. 8. 12.} to the ' 

Non tux fortis juvemm. ^^'"^ P^^''^ "^'^^ ^"^ ^"''^o'' • 

Op. II. 1. 4. You aflc, why I refufe to wed, 

»^ V L ^- 1 r ^^^ friend, a very wealthy maid ? 

rtrgtl has this elegant fimile on the boyiih Becaufe to my own wife, d'ye fee, 

fport mentioned in the Epigram r On no account Td married be : 

r^j ^»««wu^ f^^ ^^^ ^^^^ "'^'^'^ inferior is the fair. 

Cm quondam, (Sfc. ^^ ^ ^he wife, and hufband never equal are. 

e 1, A.,, -- . ^ C^fiiWrAi^j fcems to advife rather more wifely 

&o the gay ftriplings lafh in eager fport than Martial : fincc, why men (hould marry 

A top, m giddy circles, round a court: equally, is plain and reafjnable enough j but 

In rapid rmgs it whirls and fpins aloud, why the wife ftould be inferior, is not eafy to 

Admu d with rapture by the blooming crowd : determine. See the Chiliads of Era/musy p. 1 1 46. 



SELECT EPIGRAMS. 



171 



III. 
A SHELL, bright Venus, wonder of the fea> 
^ -*' Fair Selensea dedicates to thee : 
And the firft tribute, which the maid cou'd give, 
Me, little Nautilus, dread queen, receive : 
Who o'er the waves, when blew propitious gales. 
With my own cable ftretch'd my proper fails : 
*" My legs as oars extending on each fide, 
" Hence call'd a Polyp in my pearly pride :" 



The 



Epigram III.] For the tranflation of this 
Epigram, and the remarks upon it, I am 
obliged 10 my worthy friend, that curious anti- 
quary, Maurice John/oHyEfqi " 0/»//tf«'s defcrip- 
tion of this fi(h referred to by Mr. Pope in his 
E^ay on Many 

(Leafn of the little Nautilus to fail. 
Spread the thin oar, and catch the driving 
^ale) 

may fomewhat illufirate this Epigram. 

Within a curious concave fliell conceal'd 
There lies a fifli, whofe wond'rous form re- 

veal'd, 
The Polyp much refembleth ; rightly he's 
A failor call'd, by fuch as ufe the feas : 
Refiding on the fand at bottom there. 
Yet rifing fomctimes to the open air : 
Seeking the furface quick reverts his ihcll. 
Left wat'ry weight "his energy repel 5 
But foon as, jfrnphitrite^ he can gain 
The wave fuperior in thy noify main, 
Inftant he turns himfelf and fwims no more. 
But' feems as failing wafted towVds the fhore : 
Stretches his limbs, like tackling (bme applies, 
VV ith fome the ftream like bufy oars he plies : 



Expands his membranes as a gathering fail, 
(So fpread our oars, and fo wc catch the gale) 
The Sun thro' thinner medium views itiore fair. 
And for variety takes frelhcr air. 
But if o'er head the hor'ring ofprey fly. 
Or other dangrt* threaten, e'er too nigh 
The wary nautil ftrait with prudent fpeed. 
Draws in his tackle, weightier drops fucceed. 
And filling fave fecure the fubtile fifli. 
Him finking downward to his deep abyfs : 
Hence were we told in hollow barks to fail. 
And learn to fpread the oars, and catch the 
gale/' 

Mr. John/on refers to Dr. GreiV^ in his catalogee 
of the Royal Society's Mufaum^ and to Al- 
drovandu:^ as moft full of any author, on this 
moft curious article. - ' 

The fubje£t of this Epigram, we are to oh« 
ferve, is the dedication of a Nautilus taken in 
the ifland Cos by Selenaoy daughter of CliniaSy 
a nobleman of Smyrna^ to Fcnu^ Zephyr it is^ that 
is, Arftno'iy the mother of Bcrenicey who bad 
divine honours paid to her, and u as called Venus^ 
Zephyritisy Cyprisy &c. See Coma BereniceSy and 
Encomium of Ptolemy, 

Z 2 



172 SELECT EPIGRAMS. 

The cabinet of Arfinoe to adorn 

I to the GDan coaft at length was borne. 

No more for me to fkim the filent flood, 

O'er thy calm offspring, gentle Halcyon, brood : 

But be that grace for Clinias* daughter found ; 

The maid is worthy, and from Smyrna bound. 

IV. 
A YOUTH,* who thought his father's wife 
•^ •*• Had loft her malice with her life, 

« 

Officious with a chaplet grac'd 
The ftatue on her* tomb-ftone plac'd : 
When, fudden falling on his head. 
With the dire blow it ftruck him dead : 
Be wam'd from hence, each fofter-fon. 
Your ftcp-dame*8 fepulchre to fhim. . 

V. 

IN facred fleep here virtuous Saon lies ; ., 
'Tis ever wrong to fay a good man dies. 



VI. 



Epigram IV.]. For the tranflation of thisEpi- ladies are much indebted for his poem, greatly 
gram I am obliged to my ingenious friend Mr. to their honour, of the Feminead. 
Duncembt of Bftimt in Cambridge ^ to whom the 



8ELECTEPIGRAMS. 



173 



VI, 
XT 7 HAT mortal of the morrow can be fure, 

So frail is man, and life fo infecure ? 
But ycfterday we faw our living friend j 
And on the morrow to the grave attend : 
A heavier lo&'hath never parent known. 
For never parent had a better fbn. 

VII. 
TT TOU' D God, no ihips had ever croft the fea. 

Then, Sopolis, we had not wept for thee : 
Then no wild waves had toft thy breathlefs frame, 
Nor we on empty tombs engrav'd thy iiame;^ 



VIIL 



Epigram VII. fVonld GoJj &c, ] H^aa 
greatly admires the bardinefi of the man, who 
iirft put out to fea : his lines may give life to 
our author : 

Ittirokur i^ mi tripUxy lie. 

L. J. Od. 3. 

Sure he who firft the paflage try'd. 
In harden'd oak his heart did hide. 
And ribs of iron arm'd his fide. 
Or his at leaft, in hollow wood 
Who tempted firfl the briny flood ; 
Nor fear'd the winds contending roar^ 
Nor billows beating on the ihore ^ 



Nor Hyadis portendmg rain. 
Nor all the tyrants of the main. 
What form of death could him affright. 
Who unconcern'd, with fteadfaft fight, 
Cou'd view the furges mounting fteep. 
And monfters rolling in the deep : 
OduM thro* the ranks of ruin go» 
With ftorms above, and rocks below I 
In vain did nature*s wife command 
Divide the waters from the land. 
If daring (hips and men prophane 
Invade th' inviolable main, 
Th' eternal fences overleap 
And pafs at will the boundlefs deep. 

Dry D Iff. 



t:7+ select EPIGRAMS, 

. vnr, 

TT 7 H O E * E R thou art, tliat to this tomb draw nigh. 

Know, here iaterr'^d the fba and fire I lie 
Of a Callimachus : illuilrious name. 
By each ennobled, and lenown'd in? fame : 
The fire was glorious 'midfl: the warlike throng, 
The Ion fuperior to all envy fung : 
Nor is it ftrange, for whom the Nine behold. 
When young with favour, they regard when old. 

IX. 

/^^ H Sun, laid fam*d Cleombrotus, adieu, 

^^ And from the rock himfelf triumphant threw : 

Not courting death, by burd'ning ills oppreft, , "^ 

But reading Plato, his enlarged breaft j. 

Long'd to partake his foul's immortal reft. 

X. 

^ I ^ O Violanta conftant love 

-*- Fond Callignotus fighing fwore : 

He yow'd that none his heart fliou'd move. 
His heart, that ne'er fhou'd vary more. 

9 Epigram VIII.] Sec the account of the author's life. 



I 

I 

J 



He 



SELECT EPIGRAMS. 175 

He fwore indeed : but oaths, they fay,. 

Which languiihing young lovers fwear. 
To heav*n did never make their way, 

Cou*d never reach immortal ear ! 
For now he burns with other fires, 

And wretched Vic^anta fcoms. 
Who, while new love his heart inipires. 

Unnoted quite complains and mourns. 

XI. 

H O R T was the time on thee, O earth, I fpent, 
^^ With little bleft, and yet with that content ; 
Friend to no crimes, to no good man a foe, 

1 come : nor you, ye pow*rs, that rule below. 
If fandlion ever to a crime I gave. 

Be juft ; nor, earth, lie li^t upon my grave. 

XII. 

TT^ P I C E D E S, defying frofts and fnows, 

"^^ Hunts o'er the mountains and his game purfues : 

But 

Epigram X. Hefivore, &c.] SoTlbulUu fays, Hie hunter does his eafe forego* 

Perjurla ridet amantum And lies abroad in froft and > (how, 

Jufpittr, li vtntts irritaferrt jubet. Unmindful of his tender wife, 

\t , , , . . And aU the foft dehghts of life, Wt . 

jvut laughs at lovers peijunes, ° 

And gives them to the winds. gee Htraci^ Odes, &c. by minent hands. Poets 

Epigram XII.] Horace, in his firft Ode, and lovers all agree, that The fruit that will fall 

fpeaks of this particular j mtbmt Jhaking, it by far teo mellm. 
3 



176 SELECT EPIGRAMS. 

But give him, what you will, already (lain, 
The game he (corns, and lends it back again : 
Such is my love : I court the fair that flies. 
But ealy conquefts with proud {com delpife. 

XIII. 
•^ALLIMACHUS takes up this part of earth, 
^*^ A man, much fam'd for poefy and mirth. 

XIV. 



•^ 



^ I A H E Lydian warriour, Goddefs, gives to you 

"*• His empty quiver and his ufelefs bow ; >• 

His ^ows he hath given to the foe ! j 

XV. 

T T A L F of my life I yet pofTefs, 
•*• ■*' The other half is flown : 
To love or death — I cannot guels. 
But certainly, it's gone. 

Ah 

Epigram 15.] ^. CaiuJus^ an old Latin poet, I doubt not, but the EngUfl) reader will readily 

hath elegantly imitated (I might fay, iranjlated) pardon my applying thefc love ftorics to the 

this little poem of our author's j ladies, rather than boys, as in the original, in 

Aufugitmianimui^credOy utfolet^ adTheottTBum the love of whom we furely can fee nothing but 

Devenit\Jicifl\perfugiumilludhabet. what is Ihockiog, deteftablc, diabolical: and 

^idft non intirdixem ne ilium fugitivum muft with forrow behold the grofs ftate of the 

Mitteretadfeintro'Jedmagisejiceret? heathens, who could think fuch a pradicc fo 

Ibtmu^ quafttum Ferumne ipfi teneamur honourable as to be renowned in fong ! 

rormdo, S^ia ago f Da Vmu confiltum. 



S E L E C T E P I G R A M S. 177 

Ah me, I fear to that lov*d maid 

The fugitive draws nigh, 
From whom fo frequendy I bade 

The fluttVing fool to fly : 
For well alas — too well I know. 

What iilage there 'twill prove : 
In fcom return*d, befet with woe, 

And murder'd.half with love I 

• • • XVI. . ■ ■ •■ - 

"IT THEN Archeftrata, beauteous fair, 

' ^ Firft rofe upon my fight ; 
I law no mighty charms in her, ; . " 

And thought her beauty light : • * 

I laid — (and troth I thought it true, 

When Nemefis, quite raging, 
Obferv'd my words, and book'd them too) . . 

" She was not Co engaging.'* ; .' . 

But quick in vengeance of my fcorn, 

A Hidden change I prove : 
And as again I gaze, I bum, 

And all my foul is love I 

A a Shall 



Shall I for this aflFroiJfi ^f^fidfc' * :•'...• 

The maid or Deity ? 
Ah, fair one, thee csAi.d I but pl^a&, 

What's Nemefis to me ? 

XVII; 

On Berenice th&wife of'PtoLRMY. 
1 .^ OUR are the Graces, with th^ former three 
■*■ Another lately has obtained a place : 

In all things bleft> bright.Berenice, thee, 
. Without .whofe charms the Grace&.]iave no grf ecu 

XVIII: 

T T 7 H O E * ER thou art that on the ddart fliores, 

Leontichus has found, he lays to reft j 
While his own life of peril he deplbres. 

With iweet repofe, oh never, never bleft'i 
Condemned to travel o'er the watry plain,^ 
And) like the corm'rant, rove about the main. 

COMA 

Epigram XVII.] There is an Epigram in tfie 
Jntbologia^ exadly fimilar to this \ Epigram XVIII.] For. a pleafing commentary 



^ . ^ on this, read the beautUul 28cfa Ode of thr 

"^^TT" ^^t^'^^-^^^-^^'i ift book of i/.r^a. 



COMA BERENICES: 

OR, 

The Lock of Berenice;. 



— r-^— The trtffis Mgypfs princefs wore^ 
Which fweU CalRmacbusfi fung befin. 

PARNELt. 

HE, who with curious and enlarged eye 
Surveyed the fplendid -glories of the fky ; 
Who found how ftars to rife and letting run, 
How {hades ob&ure the brightnefs of the Sun : 
At certain times how certain ftars decay 5 ^ 

And how foft love from her aerial way 

Wheels 

Coma Berenuesj &c.]'Thc origfnal Cr^^i of difplay their acumen by confulting Voffius^ 

this poem is loft, and what we how have is only who hath given an edition of Catullus : aftdr 

a tranflation of it in Latin by Catullm : it is confidering their fcyeral remarks, I have cn- 

generally efteemed very excellent, its poKtcnefs deavoured to expreftwhat appeared to mc the 

and elegancy being much admired. Voffius {zyt^ author's true meaning. 

VixilegantiuscarmenRomanofermmefcriptumXyx. Ver. 6. From her atrial^ &c.] Gyro a-erto-^ 

Bentkyhzs collefted what remains ofthcGrecij «< We may learn from hence (fays a learned 

which the learned reader will find, vol. I. p. 434, friend) that the antients, contrary to the opi- 

of Gravius his edition of our author. There nion of modern philofophcrs, imagined that the 

are very many critical enquiries concerning the * air was extended thro' the ccelcftial region^, as 

Latin verfion, which I do not think myfelf far as, or perhaps beyond the fixt fttfrs. Thus 

obliged to confider : as my intention is only to Horace aerias tentajfe domos^ &c. See alfo 7ut!y 

give the reaJer a tranflation, as near the fenfe de Nat. Deoruniy lib. 2. Perhaps this notion 

as we can be fuppofed to come: Critics wSl might.be tbur.ded on the orignal revelation, 

find room enough to exert their faculties and Fid. Gen,\. 17. and Mar. ver. 6. 

A a 2 



i8o COMA BERENICES. 

Wheels gentle Trivia, in her nightly charms, 

To ftolen pleafures and £ndymion*s arms : 

Mp,. that fame Conpn, in the j(ki^ furvey*d ^ 

The fhining Lock from Berenice's head : lo 

Which fond (he promised to the pow*rs above, ^ 

What time, her Jiands ilp^8*d, idth heav'n flieftrove, 

For her dear king, jufl happy in her love, 

To battles hurried, arid feverer fights, 

From fofter wars, and hymeneal rites. 15 

Is Venus, then, to other loves Co true. 

To virgins only, and to brides a foe : 

And feign'd or real are thofe fighs and tears, 

Which damp the 'parent's blifs with tender fears ? 

Which, when approaching to the nuptial bed, 20 

The blujfhing virgins in abundance fhed ? 

• ; In 

Ver; 12. Hsr hands uprais^dy &c.] Protm^ hands, as aa a£^ of religiouc worfliip^whicbwas 

iimhrachta. — ^Upon which the fame ingenious generally performed (as in the paflige before 

friend remarks, " This part of religious wor- us) when they prayed for deliverance from dan- 

ihipt though fo often mentioned by the heathen ger or adverfity, they did by that emblematical 

writers, is generally quite overlooked by com- a£l!on exprcfs their belief that their Gods had 

mentators, or but lamely accounted for. The power to deliver them, or that they had no 

9rigin of it feems to be this. The hand is, no power to help themfelves but what was derived 

doubt, a very proper emblem of power in gene- from them. Thus Mneai in a Aorm is de- 

ral. Hence the hand in Scripture is frequently fcribed by Virgd^ duplUes Undent ad fidera pal-- 

afcribed to God as well as the eye and car j mas. The reafon why they held their hands 

hence mxi^fw, and fuch words derived from x^^» upwards rather than downwards, or in any other 

are ufed in Greek for all attempts bodily and particular pofture, was, becaufe the heathens 

mental, and hence manus in Latin for power univerfally worfhipped either the heavens them- 

and force of any fort. See Littleton's DiSlionary. felvcs, or Jomt intMginciis refuUnt therein^ 
When therefore the heathens lifted up their 



COMA BERENICES. ,i8i' 

In troth thofe tears by no means are fincere : 
And thofe (bit iighs, the fighs of hope, not fear : 
So taught experience, when I heard my queen, 
True virgin-like, in tim*rous fort complain : 25 

When furious rufh'd the bridegroom to her arms, 
Love's war to wage, and fpoil her virgin charms. 

But you, whate*er your maiden fighs might iay. 
Sincerely wept your hufband torn away : 

And on your lonely pillow truly fhed 30 

A flood of forrow for your lover fled : 
What anxious fondnefs then your bofom prov'd. 
How much you languiflj'd, and how much you lov'd ! 
Where then, my queen, was all that courage flown, 
Which Berenice from a child had fliown ? • 3^ 

And quite forgot was that illuflxious deed, 
By which you mounted the imperial bed : 

Greater 

. Ver. 22. In irotb, &c.] Stmilar hereto is ViBr.36, ^hat ilUtflr'uus deed^ &c.] The a<a 

what our foft poet Rtwt delivers in bis Feir of courage, and the bonumf acinus here alluded 

Ptnitent, to, is Uius recorded by Hyginutt in Portia 

T-i. • • v -J V r L.LJ ji r 4firen«mico, c. 24.. " There are other feven 

The v.rg.n bnde who fwoons wrth deadly fear, ^^, ^^ ^^^^^ ^*^^^ ^ ,^^j .^ , ^^i^ , 

Z^i^'^'lf^ f UfVI^^A wv which C^«.«, a mathematician of S««.x, tnd 
When bluftmg from the fight, and pubhck Callimacbut the poet call the Lock of Ber*mci j 

t'^^'i.- J . e.\. • u.n. II- for when Ptoltm married Bereniictt his fitter. 

To the kmd covert of the mght (he flies : ^^^ ^^ ^^ /,^^ ^^ ^^j- ^ ^^ ^ 

. Witii equal fire tomcet f'^br.degroom move,, ^^^^^ ^^^8.^ .^^^ ^^ '^^^ ^^„^ ^^ ^^ j„ jjj^ 
Mcltsinh«armsandwithaloofciheloves. ^^^ whic^ L<«/« vowed, that if he fhould 

returni 



i82 COMA BERENICES. 

Greater than which :nD iemalcie^cr ^'d, " 
As meed more jiappy nev^cr feinade fliar'd? 

But when about Xo pait, what wbrds you ^kcj 40 

From your foft lips what lore 'eiiamour'cl 1)roke ? 
How oft you fighing told your doubts and fears, 
And dew'd his hands with kiflcs and with tears ? 
What God cou'd change you thus ? or was it hence, 
That with each other lovers ill difpenfe ? 45 

*Twas then you made a folemn vow to hea.v*o, 
** Shou'd to your arms your prince again be giv'n, 
" That I lov'd Lock, with blood of goats, fhou'd prove 
" A willing prefent to the pow'rs above." 
They heard your vow, and quickly to your arms 50 

Reftor*d your hero with encreafe of charms, 
His cheeks frefli flufli'd with vidory's bright glow, 
And Afla's laurels verdant on his brow 1 

For 

return vi£torious, (he would cut off tbh ltd : Bertnice was ufed to breed horfes, and fend 
which happening i^eeable to her vow, (he them to the Oljmp'u games. They moreover 
placed the condemned lock in the temple of add, that Ptolemy^ the father of Berenice, being 
yenus Arfinoi Zephyrlth ; which the next day terrified by the multitude of his enemies^ fought 
was not to be found. Hereupon Contn the ma- fafety by flight : upon which his daughter, as 
themaiician defigningto get into the king's good ihe was often ufed, leaped upon an horfc, mar- 
graces, faid, diat the led was feen placed fhallcd the forces, killed very many of the 
among the ftars, and accordingly Hiewed thefe enemy, and put the reft to flight ; for which 
feven ilars, which he pretended to be the lad. aAion Callimacbus here calls her of ^W courage 
Some, with Callimathus, have faid, that this and magnantmi^." 
♦ 



COMA BERENICE S. r^s 

For this your vow difchargiiig, *inidft the hoft 

Ofheav'n, I gain'd an honourable poft ! ^^ 

From your dear head unwilling I withdrew, 
Unwilling — ^fwear I by diat head and you : 
Who fwears in vain fhall dreadful vengeance feel;— *• 
But what, what's equal to all^conqu*ring fleel ! 
By that o*erthrown, the mightiefl mountain lay, 60 

O'er which bright Sol direfts his fiery w^ : 
By that great Athos felt the rufhing flood 
Bear thro' its parted fides the Perfian crowd : 
And when fiiarp fleel can fiich dread force fiibdue. 
Ah, what can Lady's Locks defencdefs do-^ 65 

Perifh, good God, dire fttel's deftrudive race ; 
And him, who firfl dare earth's dark bowels trace, 
So fell a mifchief from it$ feat to bring. 
And handle fuch a hard death-doing thing I 

As 

Ver. 59. But what, &c.] Mr. P^pe^ in his Steel couM the works of mortal pride con* 

Rape of the Loci^ has the following lines. Cant, it'u found, 

V, 17 1. And hew triumphal arches to the ground ! 

What wonder then, hir nymph, thy hatrs> 

^ What time wou'd fpare, from fieel receives fhouU feel 

its date, ^ .The conquering force of unrefifted fteel i 
And monuments like men fubmit to fatef : 

Steel cou'd the labour of the Gods deflroy^ In the 6ift line I follow Dr. Bentley^t intev^ 

And (bike to duft th* imperial towers oiTroj, pretation^ which appears indifputably ri^^fit. 



i84 COMA BERENICES, 

As my hard hap, from my companions torn, 70 

My fifter Locks in friendly forrow mourn, 

Flutt'ring his airy pinions thro' the fkies, 

Adown the gently -breathing Zephyr flies : . . 

(The gentle Zephyr from great Memnon fprings, 

And bears Arfinoe's mandates on his wings ; 75 

He took and bore me thro' the realms of air, "J 

! 
To the chafte bofom of that virtuous fair, y 

Whom Venus licens'd her own name to bear.- J 

For fuch was Zephyritis' kind intent, 

When thus her winged meficnger fhe f^nt, .80 

Xo thofe fweet fhores, where once delighted rov'd 

Her beauteous daughter with the nymphs (he lov'd ; 

That not amidft the (larry track alone 

Shou'd brightly glitter Ariadne's crown : 

But that we too, the heav'n-devoted hair, 85 

With golden luftre might adorn the air. 

From ocean wet, by her kind aid I rife 

To the great temple of the Gods, the fkies, 

And 

Ver. 74. Arfinoe'y &c.] See Epigram 3d. and Fields. , or codeftial manfions, were fuppofed to 

the Encomium of Ptolemy. pafs through the ocean> fo Calliniachus feigns 

Vcr. 86. From Ocean wet^ &c.] As departed the Lock of Berenice to have been carried to the 

fouls before they could arrive at the Efyfian heavens wet with the ocean's waters. Vojpus. 
3 



COMA BERENICES* 1^5 

And by her guidance to my pUice repair, 

Amidft the ftars to fhine a fellow ftar. 90 

Juft by the Virgin and the Lion pkc'd 

I lead the flow Bootes to the weft. 

Who tardy rolls along his lab*ring wain, 

And fcarce, tho' late, flow finks into the main. 

But tho' fuch honour and fiich place is mine, 95 

Tho* nightly prefl by Gods and feet diyine : 
To hoary Tethys tho' with light rcftor*d, 
Thefe — ^let me fpe^, — and truth defend the word : 
.Thou too, Rhamnufian virgin, pard*ning hear, *) 

For I mufl fpeak ; fince neither force nor fear >ioo 

Can make me cover what I fb revere : J,; 

Not tho' enrag'd the pow'rs on high fhou'd rife, ' 
Revenging tear and hurl me from the &ies ! 
All thefe— bear no proportion to the pain 
Of fatal final abfence from my queen. 1015 

With whom while yet an unexperienc'd maid, 
I fhar'd fuch unguents, on her lovely head ! 

Haste, happy maids, whom Hymen's bonds have join'd. 
To the dear choice and partner of your mind, 

Bb In 



1&6 COMABERENICES. 

In box of alabafter grateful bear no 

,The pleaflng gifts to Berenice's hair : 

Before your trembling hands withdraw the veft 

From the foft beauties of your throbbing breaft. 

Such gifts alone let chafter matrons pay j 

But be th'adultrefs and impure away : 1 15 

Their impious prefents let the duft receive, 

I fcom the wretches, and each boon they give 1 

But you, ye virtuous, as with duteous cafe 

Your queen. you honour, and her Lock revere, 

Concord and peace ^11 ever (hiile around, 1 20 

And all your days with faithful love be crown'd ! 

You too, my queen, when Venus fhall demand. 
On folenm feafts due off" 'rings from your hand ; 
When, lifting up to heav'n your pious eyes. 
Bright on your view your once lov'd Lock iliall rife ; 1 25 

Then let fweet unguents your regard exprefs,. 
And with large gifts, as you efteem me, blefs 1 
Ah, why, amidft the ftars muft I remain ? 
Wou'd God, I grew on thy dear head again I 

Take 



COMA BERENICES. 187 

Take heav'n who wou'd, were that wifh'd pleafure mine, 130 
Orion's felf might next Hydrochous fhine ! 



Vcn 131, Or/Ws, &c.] " I wiih, faith the 
Locky I might be ceftored again to the head, 
whence I was taken ; Orion then for me might 
be ntxt .Hydrochous^ although now k remote 
from each other ; and I cared not| if the whole 
order and iltuation of the heavens were invert* 
ed, fo be I were reftored to my former place. 
Orion is joined with Hydrochous very properly, 
ftnce the one is efteemed no lefs rainy than the 
other ; as much as to fay, that regarding not 
the heaven, this Lock could very readily permit, 
that the two moft watry conflellations (hould be 
joined together, that all things might again 
perifb in a deluge, if it could only be reunited 
to its beloved head* VoJJius, 

I give Mr. Popi*s conclufion of his Rape 
of the Lock J as an agreeable illuftration of our 
poet: 

But truft the Mufe, (he faw * it upwards 

rife, 
Tho' mark'd by none but quick poetic eyes : 
(So Romi^ great founder to the heav'ns with- 
drew. 
To Proculus alone confefs'd in view.) 
A fudden ftar it fhot thro' liquid air^ 



And drew behind a radiant trail of hair. 
Not Berenices Lock's firft rofefo bright. 
The heav'ns befpangling with diflievcird light. 
The Sylphs behold it kindling as it flies. 
And pleas'd purfue its progrcfs thro' the Odes: 

This the Beau-monde fhall from the mall 
furvey. 
And hail with mufic its propitious ray : 
This the bleft lover (hall for Venus take. 
And fend up vows from RoJiimonda*s lake : 
This Partridge foon (hall view in cloudleis 

(kies. 
When next he looks thro' Galiheo^s eyes : 
And hence th' egregious wizard (hall foredoom. 
The fate of Louis ^ and the fall of Rome. 
Then ceafe, bright nymph ! to mourn thy 

ravilh'd Ibir, 
Which adds new ^ory to the (hining ipherc ? 
Not all the trefles that fair head can^oaft. 
Shall draw fuch envy as the Lock you lo(t« 
For, after all the murders of your eye. 
When, after millions flain, yourfelf (hall die ; 
When thofe fair Suns (hall fet, as fet they mu(t> 
And all thofe trefles fhall be laid in duft. 
This Lock the Mu/e (hall confecrate to fame. 
And midft the ftars infcribe Beiinda^s name. * 



• The Lock. 



B b 2 



THE 



( 18^ ) 



THE 



ENCOMIUM of Ptolemy, 



> B I N G T H fi 



XVII IdyHium of Theocritus. 



WITH Jove bcgin^ and end the fong with Jove^ 
Ye Mufes,. wou*d ye of immortals fing 
The beft, the greatcfti if of mortais^ firft,, 
And midft, ^d laft) let Ptolemy adorn 
The iacred fong ; for he of men is nobleiL 



Tbi Emmium^ &c J The following piece is 
as remarkable an infbuKe, as can well be pro- 
duced, of the amazing lengths to which flattery 
and adulation may carry men. We fee the 
father^ motber^ and their fon alfo, by the ad- 
drefs of our poet, enrolled amongft the Gods : 
but to fay die truth, the whole blame muft not 
be thrown upon TbeocrituSj fincc this diifying of 
thefe venerable perfinagis was a publick ad : 
and as fuch, gives us as good a pi£hire o£ na- 
ijural religion as canbedefired, (hewing in very 
glaring colours, what were its eflFeds and power 
even amongft , th^ moft polite and civilized 
people ! 

Vec. 4. Him firft^ &c*l Milm^ in his moft 



5 

Heroes,. 



beaptiful hymn, /v. loft^ b. 4. ver. 165, has^ 
imitated and greatly improved our poet : 

On earth join all the creatures to extol 
Him firft, him laft, him midft, and without 
indt 

and I cannot but recomniend the conclufion of 
that hymn j a comparifon of which, with all 
that ever heathen poet wiote in the fame way,, 
will fliew the mai^ifeft fupeiiority of the Brittjb 
Bard : 

Hail uttiverfnl Lordy be bounteous ftill. 
To give us only good : and if the night 
Have Mher'd ought of evil, orconceal'd, 
Di%eife itt M sow light difpels the dark. 



THE BNCOMiUM OF PTOLEMY. 189 
Heroes, ef race immortal, eift obtain'd 
Wile bards, their glorious adtions to record : 
But thou, my Mule, for well thou k&ow'ft to fing, 
Shalt hymn iUuftrious Ptolemy : and hymns 
Are of the Gods lliemlelves the honour'd meed. 10 

To Ida's top approach*d with forefts clad, 
Amidit Aich plenty hedtatiog locks 
The woodman round, where £rft to £x die blow : 
So, where fhall I begin ? Ten thoufand themes 
Of praife at hand to crowd th' applauding verfe, 15 

Wherewith the Gods have cro¥m*d the beft of kin^, 
Ev*n from his anceftors ! Like Laoidbs, 
Thofe mighty plans, which other mind diaa his 
Cou*d ne'er have form'd, where other cou*d be Ibund 
Nobly to execute ? Him the £re <^ Gods 20 

Hath equal'd with th' immortals, and in heav'n 
A golden dome beftow'd : near which the wife 

And 

Vcr. ir. TV /<£»'*, &cO In an tlegy on the Ver. 22. The wlfty &c.] I read in this place 

death of ^ Prinst vfWaltSy 1 alluded to this «usX<fuir«r« with H*injius and Cafaubtn. Horace 

heMtiful fimile, pajrt die fiime court and adulation to AiguftuSy 

Tjrr r \. e\ f j whom he makes an aJTeJI'r with the Gods, and 

In deep Jifpence fuj fclcmn fcenes around ^ ^^^^ ^hd, jolf banquets j which n«. 

, I^, where firfttotouch the lyre of woe: ^^ t,,j, „,, ^s Lo's fiithcr P/i/^y, as well" 

As leanine on his ax, where trees abound, * * . ^ jt j^ «^I 

The wloi«u4oLbts where faft to fi^ the «*«««« *AV«- ^f"'<"^* w««J 



ipo THE ENCOMIUM OF PTOLEMY, 

And dread deftroyer of .the Perfian race 

Holds ibciai habitation : oppoflte 

Of firmeft adamant compad, the dome 25 

Of fam'd Alcides (lands : he, as he fhares 

With heav*n's bl^ft habitants the joyous banquet, 

Triumphs his great defcendants to behold 

From mortal coil fet free, by Jove*s high gift 

Drawing setherial air, and Gods like him : 30 

For from Alcides both defcend : and hence 

When fatiated with ne<Star's od'rous juice, 

Their father to fair Hebe's bed retires. 

This takes his bow and quiver ; that, his club, 

Rugged with pointed knots ; and thefe they bear 35 

Before their fire, conducing Jove's great fon 

To his immortal wife's ambrofial bed. 

How bright above the wifeft of her fex 
lUuftrious Berenice fhone : the pride 

And glory of her parents 1 Venus' felf, 40 

With 

Hac artiy &r. B. 3. Od. 3. Where now Augnftus mix'd with heroes Iies» 

Such were the godlike arts that Ud And to h«Ki» the neftar bowl applies: 

Bright Pollux to the Weft abode, : ^"IT^^'"^" ^7ff- "^•^'', ^7' i 

Such did for great AUides plead, "^ ^* ""^"^ ^"» ''""'^'j^ g!°"^ ' 

And ga'ui'd a place among the Gods : Dkvoin's Mftttt. 

3 



THE ENCOMIUM OF PTOLEMY. 

With her own foft and rofy fingers fill'd 
Her odorif *rous fnowy breaft with love I 
And hence 'tis faid, no woman ever pleas'd, 
Her raptur*d hufband, as this beauteous bride 
Her royal Ptolemy : and, bleft in love. 
With more than equal fondnefs {he returns 
His tendered afledion : to his fons 
Hence in full confidence the prince refigns 
The weight of cares and kingdoms, and retires 
With love traniported to her arms of love. 
Ere on forbidden joys rove the wild thoughts 
Of ^thlefs wives, by no afiedion bound : 
Num*rous their progeny, but none can fhew 
The face and features of the haple& fire I 



191 



45 



SO 



Fair 



' Vcr. 50, ff^ib hvi^ &c.] Let us hear JUsl- 
tofCs moft beautiful defcripdon of conjugal love, 
which may be perhaps the beft commentary on 
our author : 

Hail wedded love> myfterious law, true fource ' 
Of human offspring, fole propriety 
In paradife, of all things common elfe. 
By thee adult'rous luft was dri/n from man. 
Among the beftial herds to range : by thee 
Founded m reafon, loyal, juft and pure> 
Relations dear, and all the charities 
Of father, fon, and brother firft were known. 
Far be't, that I (hou'd write thee fin or blame, 
Or think thee unbefittmg holieft place. 
Perpetual fountain of domeftic fweets, 
Whofe bed is undefil'd and chafle pronouoc'd, 



Prefent or p^ as faints and patriarchs us'd ! 
Here love his golden fhafts employs, here lights 
His conftant lamp, and waves his purple wings« 
Reigns here and revels : not in the bought fmileF 
Of harlots, lovelefs, joylefs, unindear'd, 
Cafual fruition : nor in court amours, 
Mix'd dance, or wanton mafk or midnight 

ball. 
Or fercnade which the ftarv*d lover fings 
To his proud fair, beft quitted with di(Sain. 
Thefe luU'd by nightingale^ embracing flept^ 
And on their naked limbs the fiow*ry roof 
Show'r'd rofes, which the mom repaired. Sleep 

on, 
RIeft pair f and oh, yet happieft, if ye feek 
No happier ftate, and know to know no more \ 
Par. Lost. b. 4. vcr. 750^ 



tgi THE ENCOMIUM OF PTOLEMY, 

Fair Venus, all-excelling, beauty's queen, 55 

She was thy care : and 'twas from thee alone, 

That Berenice pafs'd not o'er die flood 

Of banefnl Acheron : her the Goddcfs caught, 

Or ere fh' approach'd the ftream, where gloomy (lands 

The melancholy porter of the dead : 60 

And in her temple placing, to partake 

Her own high honours gave : to mortals kind. 

Hence breathes flie gentJe loves, and pleafing cares 

Thro' each glad rotary*s enamour'd breaft. 

To mi^ty Tydeus fsk Deipale 65 

Great Diomed, dread thunderbolt of war. 
Brought forth : to Pefcus beauteous Thetis gave 
Warlike Achilles : but to ProLEirr 
A Ptolemy, illuflrious as his fire, 

Fair Berenice bore : the new-bom babe 70 

From his glad mother lavour'd Cos receiv'd : 
For there the queen Lucina's aid invok*d : 
Benign the Goddels came, and o'er her limbs 
DiJius'd a ibft infenfibility : 

And 

Ver. 71. Cost &c.] For this whole paffiige, fee the hymn to Drhst ver. ao8« and IbUov 
ing, and tito ver. 359, i^fyf. m 



THE ENCOMIUM OF PTOLfeMY. 193 

And thus the fon was born, (b like the iinp. y^ 

Cos faw, and all her cliffs with ibngs of joy 

Reibunded : in her arms (he held the babe, 

** Be born, bleft infant, (he began, be bom : 

** Nor with lefs honour dignify my ifle, 

** Than her Apollo, Delos ; let the mount 80 

" Of Triopus, and neighb'ring Dorians, fhare 

'* No lefs renown from thee, dian from the God 

** Rhensea, neighb*ring to his native ifle.'* 

She fpoke : on high the eagle, bird of Jove, 

Thrice from the clouds refounding clapp'd his wings, 85 

Aufpicious omen of the thund'ring God : 

Kings are the care of Jove : and whom firft-born 

His eye indulgent views, pre-eminence 

Attends, with copious blifs : wide o'er the fea. 

And wide o'er earth unbounded roams his power ! 90 

On nations numberlefs great Jove pours down 
His fertile fhow'rs and full increafe : but none, 
^gypt, can vie in plentepufnefs with thee ; 
Thy rich glebe mellow'd by th' o'erflowing Nile j 

None 

Ver. 84. Eogfe, ice.'] See hymn to JupittTf 124, (sTf. of the fame bynm) and alfo hyoMfto 
ver.' 107* and ncte ; and for the next lines, ver. Jptlloy ver. 41, and note. 

C c 



194 THE ENCOMIUM OF PTOLEMY. 

None boafts foch num'rous cities : and o*er all 95 

Sole monarch reigns great PtoleMy : his fway 
O'er the Phoenicians, Syria's, Lybia's fons, 
Arabia and the tawny ^thiop. 
Extends : Cilicia's war-delighting race, 

Pamphylians, Lydians, and the Carians own 100 

His univerfal pow'r : the Cyclades 
Confefs the monarch : for the fpacious fea 
His warlike fleet commands ; the beft that fails 
Old Neptune's wide domain : to Ptolemy 
Sea, land, and barrier floods fubmiffive bow ! 105 

Around him troops of horfe and fpearmen crowd 
Clanging their arms, a terror to the foe. 
In opulence all monarchs he exceeds. 
Such tributes daily to his heap immenfc,. 
A boundlefs Ocean, flow : his people ply no 

Secure 

Ver. 95. Nent^ &c.] There is a moft auk- The fchoUaft adds, cyn y«r •a<r«i «» «.»«« 

ward embaraffed defcription in the original, rfMrf^p.-., r(M<r;gXi<»., T««j»»r<» t,**- 

which I will fubjoin, of the number of cities Ver. I02. Fcr thefpectousjta, &c.] Walter, 

in Mgypti but as I found it far exceeded my in his poem to the ktng on his mny, fays, 

poetical capacity to give it any tolerable Engtift) Where'er thy navy fpreads her canvas wings, 

dreft, I chofe to take the number in the gro6 1 Homage to thee, and peace to all (he brings, 

and I doubt not of having the reader's free leave : 'phg /r«f A and Spaniard when thy flags ap- 
pear, 

Tfut (ut M vtxun uumnain uititummt Forget their hatred, and confent to fear, ^e^ 

Amu h Wh, ftrr* h o^»» ohso^f t^- See the whole pwn. 



THE ENCOMIUM OF PTOLEMY. 195 

Secure their occupations : Nilus' banks 

No hoftile footfteps tread ; nor warlike din 

Difhirbs the peaceful village : on the fhore 

Ne*er from their veflels leap invading foes 

The flocks to plunder, and lay wafte the plains. 115 

Such is the influence of a prince like thee, 

Such is the terror of thy warlike name, 

Oh Ptolemy ! Thou all thy father's rights 

Art ftrenuous to aflert : (as well befeems 

Good kings :) and not lefs zealous to acquire 126 

New glories of thy own. Not unemploy'd 

Lies in his fplendid dome the glittering ore, 

Like that on India's plain by lab'ring ants 

Fruitlefs amafs'd : full royally he gives 

To the bright temples of the Gods, firft fruits, 125 

And nobleft prefents numberlefs : to kings 

Lefs pow'rful and lefs opulent than he 

Much he bellows, and much to friendly fliates ; 

And much, much more to his illuftrious friends. 

Is there a bard, well fkill'd in facred fong, 130 

Who unrewarded from oiu* prince defcends, 

C c 2 And 



196 THE ENCOMIUM OF PTOLEMY. 

And meets not favours equal to his worth ? 

Munificence like this, great Ptolemy, 

Hath charm'd the Mufes prophets to refound 

Thy fame in fong immortal ; what reward 135 

Than this more excellent, for pow'r and wealth 

To gain the ftamp of worth, and honeft fame 

Midft all mankind ? This, this th' Atridse have : 

When all the plunder of old Priam's houfe 

And all their mighty wealth is kft in night, 140 

And buried in oblivion's greedy grave ! 

Op Ptolemy's fam'd anceftors, like him 
None in their Other's footfleps trod £0 cloie, 
And o'er them rofe fo nobly : high he rear'd 
The fragrant temples to his parents honour : jac 

Where 

Ver. 142. OfPuUmfs^ &c.} I hcwe gwen T«tp«w«fM, Thaviftepptdivtr you^ lemheymd 

what appears to me the true fenfe of this paflage, yeu; to this Thtecritus alludes when he fays 

agreeable to the interpreution of /f«»/7iv, who ths^Pttlemy trod tlefi in his fathci's foatjti* 

(etna to explain it very rightly ; the cuftom to and rt/e over tbm. -L-nietiutu Kattntiftk- what I 

which the poet alludes mufl be referred to, com. render elofe^ is nt dfiM tunf, yet warm in the 

pleatlytounderftand his meaning; It was an uAial Ju^, « yet new and jufi made, like the foot- 

conteft ; wherein the antagonift ufed to place his fteps of the contending parties, as obferved be- 

rigbtfeot in the left footftep of the perfon with fore. For further infbnnatioa beteia, if the 

whom he contended, and fo with hb left feet reader defires it, he' is referred to the P.otC8 of 

touch the right foetjlep, which if he coold CafaMbm mi Heimfius, 
exceed, the ufual expreffion was, imfi^Svui nn 
3 



THE ENCOMIUM OF PTOLEMY. 197 

Where form'd of gold and ivoiy he plac'd 
The new divinities : hencdtMth invok'd 
The guardians and protedors of mankind. 
There on the hallow'd altars, red with blood 
Of vi<ftims, as the 'mighty months roU round, 150 

The fatted facrifice the mcmarch bums. 
He tod his lov'd Arfinoe : than whom 
No fairer woman in a happier bed 
A greater fpoufe embraces : there improv*d 
' The nat'ral tye, with double warmth ihe loves 155 

The brother and the hufband : fo the race 
Immortal of great Rhea hold above 
Their facred nuptials : where the blufhing maid, 
From whofe bright hands perfumes diftil their iweets, 
Ambrofial Iris decks one od'rous bed 160 

For Jove, and Jove's lov'd fifter and his wife I 
Hail royal Ptolemy I equal to the race 

Of 



Yen 146. Of gold and ivory J &c.] See that makers, related in the 44th chapter of IJaiah 
fine account of the Tanity of idols> and idol* from vcr. 9 to ver, 20* 



198 THE ENCOMIUM OF PTOLEMY. 

Of god-born heroes, thee the Mufe extols : 
And what fhe fings^ if prefcient ought, fhall prove 
,Not unacceptable to future times. 
Hail, and increafe of virtue afk of Jove I 



,6s 



Ver. 163. Thee the Mufe^ &c.] Thefc old 
poets feldom entertained any flender opinions of 
themfelves; they were not wanting in pro- 
nouncing their own merits, and prophefying 
their own fame. Our poet gave us a fpecimen 
at the beginning, which I have put into as mo- 
deft terms as was allowable ; but this laft is z 
bolcfer ftrain, and you fee the poet was no falfe 
prophet: Ovid's boaft at the end of his Meta^ 
morpho/es is well known, as is that of his bro- 



ther Horace J both of which defied their G^i and 
all his maiice^ to deftroy their works, and the 
monuments more durable than brafs, which they 
ere£ted to their own honour and immortality, 
Tliough this may give us no unfavourable idea of 
the excellence of thofe works which have indeed 
fo defied the anger and power of thdr Jupiter ; 
nay, and even outlived him \ yet I am afraid it 
will never afford us any very favourable one of 
the humility of the authors* 



Six 



( '99 ) 



Six HYMNS of Orpheus 



JUPITER 

JUNO 

APOLLO 



T O 



DIANA 

PALLAS 

CERES. 



GENERAL OBSERVATIONS. 

THAT thcfe hymns were written by the antient poet and lawgiver Orpheus^ h believod, 
I fuppofe, by no man of any reading: but, that they are extremely antient (if not the 
mo/i antient remains of Greta) is on the other hand doubted, I imagine, by no man 
of learning. They ihew us moft clearly, what the idolatry of the heathens was, and 
in the moft fatisfaAory manner, demonftrate that the Deities they worshipped, were no other than 
the powers and parts of nature : I have fitbjoined thefe fix, as corroborating evidences of the ge- 
neral remarks made in the foregoing notes : and* thefe notes, together with a general key given, 
will be a fufficient explanation of them. I had prepared large remarks upon them for the prefs, 
but upon obfervation that my work was already fweUcd beyond the determined number of (heets, 
I found myfelf obliged to withdraw them : It would give me no fmall fatisfadion to fee any man 
of learning and genius attempt a full explanation of thefe moft curious pieces, a work which muft 
refleA honour upon the performer, though it would require no fmall abilities to accomplifh. I 
can recommend to the reader no better method of acquiring a complete undcrftanding of thefe 
hymns, which I have given, than to compare them with fome others of the (ame author, particu- 
larly thofe to Protogonusy or the iirft-bom, the Sun^ Nature^ Pan, Hercules^ Proferpinej BacchuSy 
and Vulcan : which are each of them extremely curious : there are very large affiftances to be had 
from Macrobiusy Voffiusy Bocbarty &c. but from none more than from Tumtr and PburnutuSy 
the latter of which deferves every fcholar's attentiony as he feems to have underftood and explained 
the heathen creed in the cleareft manner. If the reader (hould refer to- his 3d chapter concerning 
Junoy I cannot help remarking in juftice to the author, that ntvitfc (1. 7. Gale*s edit.) (hould un- 
doubtedly be read »<r»«f. *' And they are both, fays he, namely, Jupiter and JunOy produced 
from the {zmt fuhftance. For the fubftance flowing into thinnefs, fw«<r« y»f «« "ktwrvrnrou i Qy9%a. 
produces both th^ fire (the piure plaftic/r/, Jupiter) and the airy Juno.^* Many excellent and 
ufeful hints will alfo be found in the Letters on Mytbology^ the author of which, p. 409. fpeaks 
thus, " You have in the general plan of mythology, firft the grand key, that the powers pro- 
ducingy and parts compoftng the univerfty were the greateji Gods.*' Nor muft I omit to adver- 
tife the reader, that as many hints towards a compleat undcrftanding of Orpheus are to be found' 
in Hollowa/s Originalsy as in any of the before-mentioned writers. Concerning Orpheus himfelf 
and the editions of his works a full account will be found in the Bibliotheca Greeca of Fabritiusy 
vol. I. p. 117. The edition I have ufed is th&t of Efchenbach ; in which the hymns are tranflated 
into Latin verfe by Scaligery the work only of five days, as he tells us at the end ; "a mark of 
prodigious and uncommon learning. As this is a work not for the many, where the graces and 
beauties of diAion and poetry are not to be fought, I would hope the lovers of truth will ufe it 
with candor, and if pleafure or profit arife to any one from it in the leaft degree, let him be a£- 
fured, that it hath anfwered the tranllator's defign. 



TLe 



( 200 ) 
I. 

The 14th HYMN of Orpheus. 

To Jupiter. 

JOVE, ever honour'd, everlafting king, 
Accept this witnefs of thy fervant's love, 
Due facrifice and praife. Great pow'r, thro' thee 
All things, that are, exift : earth, mountains, fea, 
And all within the mighty fphere of heav'n. 5 

Saturnian Jove, dread monarch of the fky. 
In thunders loud and terrible defcending : 
All things producing, as of all the end 
So the beginning, author of encreafe, 

Onmipotent, pow'r creative, purifier, 10 

Whofe arm rolls thunder, and the forky blaze 
Of lightning darts I whofe glorious word can ihake 
Earth's deep foundation ! Oh accept my prayer. 
Multiform deity, and give us health. 
Fair peace, and riches with pure virtue crown'd. 15 

II. 



H Y M N S O F O R P H E U S. 201 



n. 



The 15th HYMN, 

To J V no, 

PL A C ' D in the azure boibm of the flcy, 
Airy-form Juno, of Jove*$ hcav'nly bed 
Happy partaker, thou with gentle gales 
Life-giving, quicken'ft all tareftrial things. 
Of clouds, of rain and winds the nourifher ; 5 

All things producing, for the breath of life 
Without thee nothing knows : iince thou, with all 
Thyfelf in wond'rous ibrt communicating. 
Art mix'd with all. Thou, ibv'reign, too obtain*ft 
An univerfal empire, borne along 10 

In airy torrents with refounding murmurs. 
Goddefs, whofe names are numVous, all-ador'd, 
Propitious come with lovely fimling face. 

D d in. 



aoi HYMNSOFORPHEUS. 

ra. 

The 33d HYMN. 

7^ Apollo. 
T5 LEST Pae^ come, Lycorian Phoebus, foe 
•"-^ Of daring Tityus, honour'd Memphian God, 
Giver of health, of riches : golden-lyt'd ; 
From thee the feed, the field its rich encreafe 
Receives prolific, • Grunian, Smynthian, bane .5 

Of deadly Python, hallow'd Delphian prophet, 
Rural, light-bearer, lovely noble youth : 
Head of the Mufes, leader of the choir. 
Far-darting God, with bow and quiver arm'd, 
Bacchian and twofold, whofe dread pow'r extends 10 

Afar, diffufed wide; ,whofe courfe oblique 
Is fhap'd J pure ; Delian king, whofe lucid eye 
Light-giving all things views : whofe locks are gold. 
Who oracles and words of omen good 

Revealeft. Hear me with benignant mind 15 

Entreating for the people : for thou vicw'ft 
This boundlefs aether all, this plenteous earth. 
And ev*n beneath thro' the dark womb of things, 
• In night's Aill, gloomy regions, and beyond 

Th' 



H Y M N S p F PR P H E U $• 303. 

Th* impenetrable darknefs fet with ftars. 20 . 

The fix'd foundations thou haft lay'd beneath,^ 
And the whole world's extremities are thine. 
Thyfelffor €ver flourifhing, to thee 
Of things the rife and the decay belong, 
The end and the beginning. With thy harp 25 

Of various modulation thou the whole 
Of nature harmonifeft ; the loweft ftring 
Now fweetly touching, now in Dorian meafure 
Afcending to the higheft : nature's tribes, 
No left than nature, to thy harmony 30 

Owe the variety and pleaiing change 
Of feafons ; mix'd by thee in equal parts. 
Summer and winter ; on the higheft ftring 
This modulated, that the loweft claims, 

While to a Dorian meafure the fweet prime 35 

Of lovely Ipring advances : mortals hence 
Have caird thee roygl Pan, two-homed God, 
The vivifying gales, thro' fyrinx fam'd 
Emitting : wherefore thou the marking feal 
Of the whole world poffeflefti Hear bleft pow'r, 40 

And with propitious voice thy myftics fave. 

Ver. 20.] ¥•■* cvifMitfmrtf Offiw. This feems fyftem is bounded by a diick and outer darkntfi, 
to countenance their opuiloii9> who hold that the where are the iixt ftars. 

D da Ver. 22.J SwP/almjdx. 5, 6. 



4C54 HYMNS OF ORPHEUS/ 



The 35th H Y M N. 

Tfi Diana* 

T Tear me, oh queen, Jove's daughter, various-nam*d, 
"*• •*• Bacchian and Titan, noble huntrefs queen, 
Shining on all, torch-bearer, bright Didynna, 
0*er births pre£ding, and thy ready atid 
To all imparting in the pangs of birth, 5 

Tho* unexperienced of thofe pangs thyfelf ; 
Diflblver of the zone, foother of care. 
Fierce huntrefs in the courfe unweary*d ftill. 
Delighting in the bow and fytvan fports, 
'l^rav'ling by night, auipicious and renown*d, 10 

X j Of manly form, eredl and tow*ring, fwifl 
T' affift, pure expiating pow'r, great nurfo 
Of mortals, earthly and celeflial, bleft 
And rich, the woody hills pofiHIing, bane 
Of beafts, purfuer of the nimble ftag. 15 

Dread 



HYMNS OF ORPHEUS. 205 

Dread univerfal queen, who £ourifh hit 
In youth perpetual, woods and dogs delight 
Thy foul, Cydonian, multifonn. Oh come 
Benignant to thy myftics, £ivii^ pow r, 
Aufpidous, fend from earth the beauteous firuits, 20 

Give us fair peace, and health with lovely locks, 
And to the mountains drive difeafb and pain. 

V. 

TTie 31ft H Y M N. 

Ttf Pallas. 
/^ N L Y-begotten, noble -race of Jove, 
^^^ Pallas, bleft Goddefs, warlike martial maid, 
Thou word inefiable, of mighty name. 
Inhabiting the ftars, o*er craggy rocks 

And fhady mountains pafHng ; thou in groves e 

Thy foul delighteft : with wild fury fixing 
The minds of mortals, joying in bright armour. 

Gymnaftic 

Ver. 3.] Affwr', mofwn, DiHa ituiiffay Sot* Ver. 4.] Ary.^«rt» I read ) it ii mcfithet <^ 
ligtt,-^Aretilts too u called Affor'. Pirn alfo : fee the byum to bim. 



2o6 H Y M N S O F OR P H E U S. 

Gymnaflic maid, with iierce and furious foul : 

Virgin, dire Gorgon's bane, mother of arts,. 

Impetuous, violent : wifdom to the good, lo 

And to the evil, madnefs : parent of war, 

And counfel : thou art male and female too :. . \ 

Multiform dragoneis, fam*d enthufiaftic, 

O'er, the Phlegraean giants with deftrudion . 

Thy courfers driving : iprung from head of Jove. 15 

Purger of evils, all-vidorious queen; 

Hear me, with fupplicating vows approaching 

Both nights and days, and ev*n in my lad hours : 

Give us rich peace, faturity and healthy 

With pro^Vous feafons, O thou blue-ey*d maid, 20 

Of arts inventrefs, much implored queen. 

Ver. 12.] AQrre and paffive in nature. . . 



VI. 



HYMNS OF OREHEUS. 207 

VI. 

The 39th HYMN. 

73 Cere s. 

"1 ^ I O, fam*d Goddds, univerfal mother, 

■*-^ Giver of wealth, thou holy nur&ig Ceres, 

Giver of riches, nourifher of corn. 

Giver of all things, in the works of peace 

Joying ; of feed, of harveft, threfhing, fruits 5 

Goddeis, inhabiting Eleufia* feats .^ 

Holy, retir'd : delightful, lovely queen, 

Supporter of all mortals ; who firft join'd 

The ploughing oxen to the yoke, and bleft 

Man with the plenteous means of happy life ; 10 

In verdure ftill encreafing, high in honour, 

Afleflbr of great Bacchus : bearer of light . 

Pure, bright : rejoicing in the reaper's iickles, 

Celeftial and terreftrial, kind to all. 

Fertile, thy daughter loving, holy nuHe ; 15. 

Thy pair of dragons yoking to thy car 

Around thy throne in circling courfe thou'rt driven, 

Singing the facred orgies : only-begotten. 

Yet thou'rt of many mother, much rever'd. 

7 Thine 



208 



HYMHS OF ORPHEUS. 



Thine are the various forms of lacred flow'rs, 
And fruits all beanteom in theif iiatire ^een. 
Bright Goddefs come^ with foihmer's rich encreafe 
Swelling and pregnaht : bring with thee ImiKng peace. 
Fair concord, riches^ and imperial health. 



20 



The reader may obfer\'c, that in the hymn to 
JpoIUj ver. 37) that deity is called Pan^ and in 
the Letters en Mythology^ p. 65, finding: the 
Orphic hymn to Pan tranflatcd, I here fubjom 
it) as a good comment on that toApolh. 

" Pan I invoke ; the mighty Ood^ the am- 
verfal nature, the heavens, the Tea, Ihe all* 
nourifhing earth, and the eternal Are : for thefe 
are thy members, O mighty PAN ! 

Come then happy fource of , ever- wheeling 
motion, revolving with the circling feafoAs, au- 
thor of generation, divine enthufiafm, and foul- 
warming tranfport ! thou liveft amangft the'ftars, 
r«rp»%»iTt] and leadeft in the fymphony of the 
univerfe by thy all-chearing fong: thou fcatter- 
eft vifions, and fudden terrors among oienals^ 
delighteft in the towring goat-fed rock, the 
^rings alfo and paftures of the earth ! of Tight 
unerring, fearcher of all things, lover of the 
echo of thyown eternal harmony ; all-begotten, 
and all-begetting, god-invokeJ vnH^ a thoufend 
names, fupreme governor of the world, growth- 
giving, fruitful, light-bringing pow^, co-opc-' 
rating with moifture, inhabiting the reccffes of 
caves, dreadful in wrath, tjut twe-bormd Jove ! 

By thee earth's endlcfs plain was firmly fiK'dy 
To thee the fea's deep heaving furgc gives 

way : 
And antient Ocean's waves obey thy voke^ 
Who in his briny bofom laps the globe. 
Nor lefs the fleeting air, the vital draught 
That fans the food of every living thing ; « 
And ev'n the high-enthron'd all fparkling eye 
Of ever-mounting fire : thdfe all divine 
Tho* various run the courfe which thou or- 

dain'ft. 
And by thy wond'rous providence exchstage 
I'hcir fevcral jarring natures to provide 
Food for manlcind, all o'er the boundiefs earth* 

But O bright fource of extafy divine. 
And dance enthuiiaftic, with our vows 



InMe thde facrcd * odours, wd foucMife 
To us an happy exit of our lives, 
Scatt'ring thy panics to tke world's end." 
* Concerning tbefe odours^ and the facred 

thumlamay or perfume^ which yau find mentioned 

before each of the OffpkUhytmb^ oooTdt A0/- 

kway's Originally vol. 2. p. 32. 
In i\M 39th verie of the bynn to J^Bo ihe 

original is, 

i/tffof fignactiila daedala mj/n^i. Scal; 

Of which a learned friend faiding me the fol* 
lowing ingenious explication, I cannot deprive 
the reader of it. 

. << ^xxxviii. lA — 14. Haft thou conmismd- 
ed the morning, fince thy days ? and caufed the 
day-lpring to know bis place, that it might take 
hold of the ends (wings) of the earth, and the 
JiyU^n (the grains) flhall be fhakenfrom (by) 
it: it ihall conform itfelf (^nCnH) as elay to 
the fcaly and they (the wings or airs) fliall 
ftan« about -it like a garment." 

Jpol/e is called in Orpheus^ Pan (i. e. «or- 
^i« TO ffvfAveiii the two-horned God, /. e, who 
has both the light and the fpiwk under hjs dtftc- 
tion, fending forth^ putting in motion the breaths 
$f the airs CDlITl^) wherefore he hath the 
marking feal (rvwuTvf fcems active here) of the 
tvhale w^ldj that feal which gives to the whole 
wofkl its form. If we take vavrog novftv to 
fignify the whole body of the earth, or the earth 
a^ all its produce, he means, that ^the light 
and fpirit communicate to each their forms, as 
z/eal doth to foft wax or clay. And in a flill 
more extenfive fenfe, the light and fpirit or 
expanfion at firft formed the planetary orbs. 
But in"^ this is with a more ftrt A philofi>- 
phical propriety confined to the earth." 

Five & vakj amid le^hn-^Ji qtiidmeK^iJli r§c^ 

tins i/iisy 
Candidus imperti, fi non^ bis utere mecum. 

« APPENDIX. 



( 209 ) 



APPENDIX; 



IS U B J O I N here (agreeable to my pro- 
mifc, hjmnto Jupiter^ vcr. 107.) a fliort 
account of th'bte glorious figures the Cbe^ 
rubim^ which were placed in the Holy of 
Hotiis of *die Jcwifi temple. This account is 
extraded from Duncan Forbes (Lord Advocate 
of Scotland) his Thoughts on Natural and Re- 
mealed Religion^ p. 99. 4th edit, the whole of 
which treatife will well repay the reader's cu- 
riofity, if he thinks proper to perufe it. 

«« As the Cherubim are not fully defcribed in 
the hiftory of framing and building of the ta- 
bernacle or temple, and as the priefts who might 
have feen them in the San^um SanSlorum^ and 
the other perfons, who muft have feen them on 
the walls and doors of the temple, might have 
failed before the fecond temple was compleatly 
fini(hed« which would have furniihed an excufe 
to the fuccecding Jews for being without thofc 
emblems in the fi^cond temple, and for negleft- 
ing the knowledge thereby conveyed ; it pleafed 
God to exhibit to one of his prophets, Exekiel^ 
in vifion, at different times, the figure of thefe 
emblems,' which he has in two feveral places, 
chap, ift and loth, carefully recorded. And it 
is not a little fiirprifing, that though the Jews 
unanimoufly hold Ezekiel to be a prophet, and 
thefe paffages to be infpircd, yet they never 
thought fit to give the figures he defcribes a 
place in their temple, or^ to. guefs at the mean- 
ing of them, though they hold that thofe vifions 
contain the moft important myftery. 

The defcription of the creatures feen in this 
vifion by E'%ekiely is fo full, and fo anxioufly 
and laborioufly given, that there is no miftaking 
feme of the great lines of it. Each Cherub had 
four heads, at leaft faces, and but one body j 
each had hands of a man, and wings ; and the 
four faces were, firft, the face of a bull, which 
IS properly called a cherub; fecondly, to the 
Tight of the bull, the face of a man ; thirdly, to 
the right of the man the face of a lion ; and 
,ihe face of the nmi and lion are faid, chap. x. 



ver. 10. to have been on the right fide, whereas 
the face of the bull is faid to have been on the 
left fide ; and, fourthly, the face of an eagle, 
without taking notice of any particular conjunc- 
tion between the face of the bi|ll, and that of 
the eagle« 

And the prophet takes fo much care to incul- 
cate, that the creatures, or figures thus repre- 
fented, were tfie Cherubim^ and that the de- 
fcription in the firfi: and tenth chapter relate to 
the hmtCheruhlm^ that there can be no doubl he 
defcribes the vtry Cherubim placed in the taber- 
nacle and temple ; unlefs it can be fuppofed that 
this defcription was given on fet purpofe to de- 
ceive and miflcad us. 

Knowing thus, from Ezekiely the form of the 
Cherubim^ and knowing the ufage of the moft 
antient nations, particularly the Egyptians, of 
framing compounded figures of this kind, for 
hieroglyphical or fymbolical purpofcs, from the 
fettiains of their antiquities ftill extant. We can 
entertain no doubt that this reprefentation was 
-fignificative. He who cannot believe that the 
Cherubim was fet in the Holy of Holies to rcpre- 
fent one animal, compounded of bull, man, 
lion and eagle, muft neceflarily admit, that the 
faces of thefe animals, fo joined, were intended 
to fignify feveral charai^ers, powers, or perfons 
united together in one. 

The Italian Janus was hifrons, fometimes 
quadrifrons ; Diana was triformis ;• many Egyp- 
tian monuments fhew two, fometimes three 
heads of different creatures to one body; in 
vaft numbers of gems, particularly thofe called 
Abraxa^^y human bodies have the heads fome- 
times of dogs, fometimes of lions, fometimes of 
eagles or hawks, kic. and no one can doubt 
that each of thofe reprcferrtations was fymbd" 
Ileal. 

In confidering this fubjefl we muft recollefl: 
that, though the building of the tabernacle was 
not fo early as to give birth to thofe ftrange 
compofitions over the heathen world, vet this 



£e 



ligurc 



210 



APPENDIX. 



figure was exhibited, immediately upon the eX'* 
puUion of man from paradife, and was fo well 
known when Ifrael left Egypt^ that the work- 
man made the Cherubimj without any other 
direction than that of making them out of the 
gold that compofed the mercy- feat, and placing 
them en either end of it looking towards the 
mercy-fedt, and ftretching their wings over It, 
So that the compound figures of the antients to 
reprefent their deities, had no other original but 
that at the eaft end of the garden of Edtn. 

However, the emblems or reprefentations of 
the heathen divinities may have been compli- 
cated of t|ie forms of different animals originally ; 
yet we fee, with length of time, they feparated 
thofe fymbols, fuppofed the different figures to 
be different deities, and at laft worihipped them 
apart. 

The Egyptian Apts^ the bull^ in Imitation 
whereof the Ifraelites made their golden calf, 
and Jeroboam made his calves, was but one of 
thofe figures ; and the deity called Baal amongft 
the Syriansj which is alfo called the heifer 
Baal^ was the fame, and yet was the reprefen- 
tation of the great God, the Lord of all. 

The Ptrfian Aftthras was in all the devices 
of the fervants of that God pi£tured a lion, or 
with a lion's head ; and the Egyptian fphinx, 
which flood at the entry of their temples, had 
but two of the cherubtcal figures, joined in a 
ftrange manner, die head of the man put on the 
body of the lion. 

The eagle was to the Greeks and Romans an 
emblem facred to Jupiter or Jovis their great 
God, whom they pi£tured like a man ; in the 
talon of this bird they put a thunderbolt, and 
this expreffion of thunder, proceeding from 
clouds, borne by the eagle, whofe way in the 
air is among the clouds, was the enfign of 
Nff iXsiyi^rPK Zivf- and we know from Sanchoni' 
athoHy that the Tyrians had a pillar facred to 
wind, or air in motion, as well as they had to 
fire, built, as they faid, by Ufous the fon of 
Hypfouramas^ which fire and wind they wor- 
fhipped as Gods. 

We know from antient authors, and we fee 
in antient gems and other monuments, that the 
Egyptians were very much accuftomed to make 
the body of their image or reprefentation hu- 
man, fbmetimes with the head of a lion, fome* 
times with that of a hawk or eagle, and fome- 
times with that of a bull> aram> or fome other 
horned creaturct 



And as, from the original exhibition of the 
Cherubim renewed, and recalled to its proper 
ufe in the tabernacle and temple, we fee the 
antients had a pattern from whence they might 
have taken thofe reprefentations, which they 
monflroufly abuferf-, we msy reafonably con- 
duda that thefe reprefentations, which^ na« 
turally, and without fome inftitutioir, would 
never have come into the heads of any mttij 
flowed from an early praAice, that had a different 
intent from that, to which it was at laft turned. 

And from the application made by the antient 
Pagans of each of the figures in the Cherubim^ 
to fignify a different deity, we may with reafon 
conclude, that they underftood that particidar 
figure in the Cherubim, which they chott for 
their protestor or God, reprefented in the hie- 
roglyphical ufage of the early times, the powery 
the thing, or perfon, that they intended to fcrvc. 

Thus, for example, if the curled hairs and 
horns in the bull's head were in hieroglyphical 
writing, made the emblem of fire in general, or 
fire at the orb of the Sun, thofe who took ma- 
terial fire for their deity would fct up that em- 
blem, and worfhip it. 

If the lion's piercing eyes, or any other con- 
fideration, brought that animal to be the em- 
blem of light in general, or of light iffuing 
from the body of the Sun. fuch as took light 
for their God, if any fuch were^ would fet up 
the lion for their emblem. 

And if the eagle's foaring flight and ' com- 
merce thereby with the air, brought that bird to 
be the embiem of air, fuch as imagined a divinity 
in the air, in clouds, in winds, would take that 
bird to refemble their deity. 

And the human figure in the Cherubim^ muft. 
one fhould think, be the moft natural occafion of 
that univerfal' miftake which all the heathens, 
at length, dropped into, of pi^uring their Gods 
with human bodies, and the very earlieft gave 
fome countenance to injoining parts to the hu- 
man body to, almofl, all their reprefentations 
of their Gods. 

Now, fo it is, that we do know from innu- 
merable texts of Scripture, and from many paf- 
fages in heathen hiftorians and mythologifls^ 
that the objeds of the earlieft pagan adoration, 
after loftng the idea of the true God, were the 
powers in the heavens, that were fuppofed to 
maintain this fyftem ; the Sun, Moon and Stars, 
the hoft of heaven, the queen of heaven ; fire, 
which was fuppofed to be one of the chief 

agents 



APPENDIX; 



211 



agents in fiipporting the motion of the univerfal 
light ifliiing from $ie fire ; and the air, clouds, 
winds, ^c. which had infinite force, and were 
fuppofed to a£i a very confiderable part in the go- 
vernment and prefervation of the material world. 

In particular, we know that firo at the orb of 
the Sun was worihipped by the hnticnt Egyptiamy 
who made ufe of Jfpisy the bull, for their em- 
blem ; and that the worihippers of Baal the 
heifer, believed their God had the command of 
fire. For, in the remarkable contention be- 
tween Jehovah and Baal^ managed on the one 
fide by Elijah, on the part of jihovahy and on 
the other by four hundred and fifty priefis on the 
part of Baal, the teft of all was, which of their 
deities could command fire to come down from 
heaven to confume the facrifice, and the ifltie 
difgraced Baal, and deftroyed all hispriefts : and 
therefore, it is no rafli condufion, that the ox's 
or bull's head was the hieroglyhical emblem of 
lire, perhaps fire at the orb of the Sun; 
• We know alfo, that many of the Egyptianty 
and of the neighbouring nations, worfliipped 
light; it was difficult to feparate the idea of 
light from that of fire. Thofe that fcrved the 
moon and planets had no fire for their objed* 
The Perfiansy who worihipped fire, and emi* 
nently the body of the Sun, bad light neceflarily 
in efteem as their beneficent principle. Oromaf- 
del was light. Job talked of worihipping light 
as idolatry. There were feveral temples in Egypt 
and in Canaan to the light of the fun : and in 
Egypty as well as Perfioy the lion was a facred 
emblem : wherrfore it feems highly probable the 
lion was ufed as the fymbol or emblem of light, 
as the bull was made ufe of as the emblem of nre. 

We know alfo, that the earlieft heathens took 
the air, wind, that which in the antient lan- 
guages is exprefled by a word fignifying, pco- 
mifcuoufly, wind and fpirit, that invifible agent 
which we feel, and which perfiMrms fo many 
confiderable efFeds in nature without being 
feen, for a deity ; that to it they afcribed in- 
fpiration ; their Sibyls, their deliverers of ora- 
cles were inflated ; futurities, the will of their 
God, was difcovered by the countenance of 
clouds, and the flight of birds, which were re- 
ligioufly obferved by augurs, in the Hebrew 
cloud- mongers ; thunder was the voice of their 
God, which was portentous, and much obferved. 
Thunder was afcribed to the great Jofvey the 
thunderer, and the eagle with the thunderbolt 
was his enfign j whence we may, pretty fafely, 
conclude, that the eagle, to worihippers of the 



air, reprefented, hieroglyphically, air, wind, 
fpirit. 

If the deity, to give fome idea of himfelf 
from a fenfible objeS, had made choice of the 
heavens as the fenfible objed, from which 
to take the imperfedl idea of his immenfity, 
perfonality, and manner of exiflence and opera- 
tion; if, by the vailnefs and extent of them, 
his immenuty was to be reprefente*; if by fire, 
the firfl perfon, neceflarily and continually gene- 
rating and fending forth light, the fecond 
perfon, and conilantly and neceflarily fupplied 
by air or fpirit, the diird Perfon, the 1 rinity 
CO exuding and co-operating for fupport of the 
whole, and in aid of each other was to be re- 
^efented ; then, upon diicovering this to man* 
Jcind, the heavens would become the type of 
Jebevaby the Divine EflTence. Fire would be- 
come the type of the Firfl Perfon, light of 
the Second, and air or fpirit of the Third ; and 
whatever emblems in hieroglyphical writings 
were ufed to exprefs thefe, as the names of the 
one, would or might be ufed for the appella- 
tions or names of the other. 

So that, if this refemblance or reprefenta- 
tion were to be expreflTed in ilone, wood or 
metal, the emblems of fire, light, and air or 
fpirit, that is, from what has been faid, the bull, 
the lion and the eagle, ou^t to be conjoined to- 
gether into the form of one animal ; and every 
body, who underflood the bierc^lyphical em- 
blems would immediately think on the heavens 
which they reprefented, and, from thence raife 
to himfelf the intended unage of the Trinity in 
the Divine Eflence." 

Hymn to Apollo, note 34. p. 30. In a treadfe 
called Delphi PhcenicizarUa (referred to by 
Spanheim, fee p. 100. and note 112.) written 
by our learned countryman Dickinfony the reader 
will find pretty near the fame account of XV and 
El, as given in this note by Dr. Robinfony lee 
p. 94, 6^r. There are in the fame treatife 
many other curious particulars deferving notice. 
Hymn to Diana, p. 54. ver. la. Turner in 
his Mythological Notes y p. 168 — 173. proves, 
that by thefe Cyclops («i«a««k) were meant no- 
thing more than the Suny the om bright eye in 
the forehead of the heaven ; and if fo it is very 
plain, why Diana (or the Moon) ihould deiire 
to have her bow and quivery &c. from them, 
that is, the Sun, from whom all her light is 
borrowed. ** The Cyclops therefore, fays he, 
that is, the eyes of the univerfe, are the fame 
with the Suny who is dxprefsly fo called : and 
£ c a for 



21 Z 



APPENDIX. 



foT their different nam«s> BrcntiSj Steropesy and 
Pyracmortj they are all but fo many partial con- 
fiderations of the hme Numeric coniidered as 
employed in fernung the thunder^ the laft of 
them denoting the jnanual operation which was 
fuppofed to be performed upon a fabulous anvil, 
in the caverns of Mtna^ and other places of 
Sicily^ and the two fi;ft of them fi^nifying the 
two different effefls, the one of noife or thun- 
der, the other of lightning confequent upon the 
•peration, btc. See p. 66. note 68. tfi/«.— 
p. 76t ver. 226. Hence Hercules j in the Or- 
fhic hymn to him, is called ma^af/t,all devouring^ 
an epithet of the folar light in its violence and 
Jlrengthy burning up and confuming all things : 
Vulcan has the fame attribute, who is called 
mfwiMTor «wp, the unwearied fire, — Umt^ayp mmt'* 
^afA«r»f> tsMWifrar*: nay, and alfb Mther^ 
Sun^ Moon^ Stars, and Ligii^ all members or 
parts of him : 

AiG«f« HA(o(, *rp»« atXmn, ftiff a^Murm' « 

Hymn to Delosj p. 1 1 1. note 263. '* When the 
Qanaanites were expelled from Canaan^ there is 
no doubt but, among other places, they tookpof- 
feffion of the iflands in the Mgean fea. This is 
evident from the names of thofe iflands, and 
alfo from the tdftimony. of Thucydides, lib. i. 
who fays, that the iflands about Greece* wcrt 
principally inhabited by Cartons and Phoenicians. 
What the Phoenicians, or Canaanitijh idols were 
we well know, and that it was their cuftom to 
give the names of their idols to the places, of 
their habitation. So Delos (from ^, to drajv 
out as water from a weily and t^N or W)tf/ire)' 
is the fountain of frcy i. e. Ac fo/ar orb i said 
to perpetuate this attribute of their arch- idol, 
there was for many years a conjiant fire kept up 
in Delos, Hence in after times, by taking */»- 
hlems or fubftituteS' for realities, the ijland Delos 
was taken for the real birthplace of Apollo^, who 
from being in truth the folar light, was now 
reprefented as a man (from fome tradition of 
the union of the True Light with the Man- 
Chrifi Jefus) and his mo^tr Lfitona (the ^tS^^, 
Gen, i. 2. the Heb, ViVh) as a woman. The 
light could not natptrally fpring forth unlefs the 
grofsfpirit furrounding the folar ori was fet on^ *NoninjuJfa cecini. 
fire. And this tht folar 9rb {ri^Tf^) Delos itfelf 
did : and becaufe Delos the ijland wzs furround- 
cd with a remarkable quantity of fea-weed aa^ 
tbft^Mw wilh.the ^r<j/i^/n/, I think we may. 



hence explain the otherwife unintelligibli jargon^ 
of the ijland Delos burning up all the fea-weee^ 
round it, that Latona might bring forth Apollo^ 
i. e. the central fire burnt up the furroundinp 
ffirit, that darinefs might produce light. The 
above account will, I think, both illuftrate and 
be confirmed by line 193. where Deles is re*- 
prefented as driven backwards and forwards by 
the nsrth and fouth winds. I know not that 
there was the leaft foundation in fa^ for af* 
firming this of the ijland, but if yve refer it to 
its antitype the Sun, it is true, that has an f^« 
parent northern and fouthern declination, and 
that the real declination of the earth is effedled 
by thtfpirifs ading on its northern and fouth'^ 
ern regions. It is remarkable that Callimachus 
does not fay that Delos was agitated by the eaft 
2nd we/l wind, but only by the north TOidfotah.'* 
The true reafon why Apollo and Diana^ Ju^ 
piter, Venus, tic. were all faid to be born ia 
iflands, will be found ia Turner, p. 224, ktc. 
and in the following pages he abundantly con- 
firms what is here advanced, namely, that 
Delos was no other than the Sun itfelf. 

P. 125. note 441. The following paflagefrom 
the Letters on Mythology p. 174. may ferve to il^ 
luftrate the obfervations made in this note. << Of 
the twelve great Gods, the greateft, according to 
the Egyptians, was Pan or the Univerfe, to 
whom the higheft honours were paid. Next to 
him Latona or Night : Vulcan was next in dig- 
nity J and then ^is and Ofiris, with. Oriu or 
Light, their fon. That is,. in wejiem language, 
that the univerfe^ comprehending nature and 
all her powers, lay overwhelmed in darkneis, 
until the igneous vivifying fpirit broke loofe, 
and difpelled the (hade diat for eternal ages had ; 
been brooding over it : that then the Sun aad 
Moon (hone forth, parents of light, prefiding 
over die generation of animals, the vegetation 
of plants, and the government of: the whole." 

This appears no improper conclufion of thtfe 
annotations ; which, whether the. world will 
approve or condemn-^I cannot be allowed, to 

Siefi : however, to ufe the celebrated Dr. 
entlefs words^ have written them ^* without 
any apprehenfiotk of growing leaner by cenfure fy^or 
plumper by commendations^ Ja^a eft aUa : and 



O* «t fic r»fii|^iii9-»9 yM>Ar» Ar fmrura ZBYT. 

Preface and notes to Milton,. 



A GE, 



GENERAL INDEX 



N. B. The Letter p; fignifie^ the page, and n. the note. 



ABJuitons (of drities) what principally intended 
to indicate, p» 128. n. i. 

AcHUtSt bx whom mirfed, p. 8: n. 6r. 

Ademf^ the name of our firft parent, the original 
meaning of the term what, p. 3. n. 3. Its mani- 
feft affinity with the Hehnw term HADMEH, 
fignifying the duft of the ground, ihii. Called 
his wife*8 name CHaVaH, aod why; ihid* 

AtUipbagus^ a name afcribed to Htrtuhs^. and why, 

p. 73. n. 200 

Jdmituff his ftoryv p. 37. n. 70 

Jdrafti, one of Jttpiier*B norfei, p. 8. n. 61 

jSgiueia {PomIus) his obfervationr on various kinds 
of milk, p. 10. n. 75 

JEginay ravifti'dby Jitter, and why, p. 98. n. 91 

J^culapiuSf the fon 01 Jpoila^ and wli^, p. 36. ii. 68 

JBtber, father of one of the JrcaMan Jvpiurs, or 
king, according to Getroy p. 2* n. 9. The word 
whence derived, &r. p. 146.. n. 167 

'JBtna^ how defcribed by Virgil^ p. loc. n. 189 

Jgamimnw offends Duma, wherein, and now pu- 
niihed, p. 89. n. 352 

Jgnof one of the nnrfes of the Lycaan Jafiten P- ^* 
n. 61. A fountain fo called from her, ihid.. 

Ahf of what die emblem, p. 15. n. 107. Its pe- 
culiar influence and power, p. 77. n. 231 . How 
imagined by die antients to be eitended^ p. 179, 
n. 1. That conjednre on what grounded, ibid. 
How far extended, according to the opinion of 
the antients, P* i79* &• 6 

AktfiiSf Aimttus^ wife, dies for her hufband, and is 
reftored to life aga^n by Pro/erfim for that ex- 
preffion of her piety, p. 37. n. 70. 

Ahxander offers to rebuild the temple of Diana at 
Spbeftut and upon what terms j is refufed and 
why, p. 87. n. 323*. 

Ahxf€ahsf Hircules fo called by Chiyfofiom^ and. 
why, p. 74. n. 216 

AiUlu-Jab^ iu proper fignification what, p. 31. n. 34. 

All'batl, the Saxon name for Cbriftt and why, 

p. 36. n. 62 

Akpiciay a particular difeafe, of what fort according 

to Piiny, and why fo called, p. 62. n. 104 

Amakbaa, from whence dtrhred, and the lerxo ex^ 



plained, p. lo. n. 75. It one ofjuf/t^^i nurfes,. 

ilidd 

Amantbf its fignification, what, p. lo. n. 7$ 

AmaxoHj occafion the firft temple of Diana to be 
built at Epbifus^ and by what means, p. 87. n^323 

Amni/us, a name both of a city and river in Creie* 

p. 55. n. 20) 

Ammfiadis^ certain nymphs of Crete^ and from 
whence fo called, ibid. 

Amymcne^ a fountain at Argos^ and why fo called, 

p. 135. n.58. 

AnaS9ria^ the famous ^tf of MtUius^ fo called b/ 
' P//«r, and why, and by whom built, p. 84. n. 30S 

Apolhf CaIUnuubus'% hymn to him, p. 23, t^ feq. 
His temple, &c« how cuftomarily adorned, and 
with what, p. 23. n. i. His prieftefles, their 
particular ufe oi laurel-branches, and when, ibid. 
Who, and how reprefented by the Grecians^ p. 24. 
n. 1 . His prefence more frequent in his temple - 
than any other God in theirs, and why, a 2. 
This particular attendance from whence probably 
arifing, ibid. His knocking at the gate of his^ 
tempfe with a beautiful foot fingularly remarkable, . 
and why, p. 24. n. 2. His religious rites de- 
fcribed by Protlus^ p. 26 n. 1 1. His eyes, &r.. 
feveral pafiages fimilar to this in Scripture, p. 26. 
n. 1 3. His mufical inflruments like thofe men- 
tioned in Scripture, p. 27. n. 20. His Epidemia, 
or entrance into his temple beautifully defcribed 
by Firgi/f jSueid iv. ibid. The uihering of him 
into his temple with mufic, hymns and dances, 
from whence borrowed, ibid. The imnortant ad- 
vantages arifing from the worfliip of him with> 
mufic and dancing, p. 28. n. 24. His rites fo- 
lemnized in the fpring, and why, p. 29. n. 26. 
Is a foe to Acbi/Us, and Niobr, and why, p. 30. 
n. 3 2. The fignification of. the infcription [EI]' 
on his temple-door, what, p. 31. n. 34* There 
is a nuirifefl affinity between that infcription and 
tht Hebri^M term. (Jab J p. 31. n. 34. His fit-- 
ti^ng at Jo^gU right-hand, what it implies, p. 32. . 
n. 41. Every tbing belonging to him of gold, 
and why, p 32. lu 52. His fane, or temple, 
called Dt/pliaftp and why, p. 34* n. 56. He 
himfeU called Pb^ius, and why^ itid. Is re- 

prefentcdl 



INDEX. 



prefentcd bcardlefs, and ever young, and why, 
p, 34. n. 59. His fragrant locks how defcribed 
hy Callimachusy p. 35. n. 60. How imiutcd by 
Milton^ in his defcription of the two angels Ga- 
briel and Raphael^ ibid Of what the emblem, 
ibid. Of what the true caufe and inftrutnent, ibid. 
His perfedlions encunerated both by Callimachus 
and Oa//V, p. 36. n. 62. Why called the father 
€)f jE/cuIapius, p. 36. n. 64. His defccnt from 
heaven for love of Admetus has a dark but ob- 
fcrvable reference to our Saviour'* advent, and 
wherein, p. 37. n 70. Is called Homian^ and 
why, p. 38. 74 Has a manifefl reference to the 
conclufion of the cxliv FJalm^ ibid. Gives cn- 
creafc to his fon Jugias'i herds, and by what 
means, ibid. That encreafe bow defcribed by 
Theocritus^ ibid, U the founder of cities, and the 
prote£lor of their founders when confnlted, p. 38. 
n. jZ. Ereds an altar (the wonder of the world) 
where, and with what materials, p. 39 n. 85. 
Horned animals facrificed to him by all nations, 
and why, ibid. The crow, the raven, and the 
fwan dedicated to him, and why, p. 40. n. 04. 
His oath irrevocable, and why, ibid. U called 
Boedromion, why and by whom, p. 41. n. 98. 
Is called Clarian, and why, ibid. Is called like- 
wife Ctfr/fw«, and why, p 42. n. 101. Various 
reafons given for his denomination of Camean by 
various authors,but the true one only hyHuet.'^.^i^ 
n. 1 01 . Has flowers offered to him in the fpring, 
and why, p. 43. n. 1 15. Has faffVon offered to 
bim in autumn^ and why* p* 43< n. 118. Has 
perpetual fires kept up in honour to him, and 
why, p. 44. n 1 20. His amour with Cynntt de- 
fcribedby Pindar, p. 46. n. 125. The famous 
exploit of his killing the monftrous ferpentPy/i&tf/r, 
from whence it evidently arofc, p. 48. n. 142. 
Is faid to meet Diana accompanied by Merauy on 
her entrance into heaven, and why, p. 72. n. 200. 
By whom worfhipped, where placed, and why, 
ibid. The guardian God of Delos^ and faid to be 
her rock of defence, p. 93. n. 28. Similar ex- 
preffions in fcripture, ibid. His denunciation of 
a curfe againfl 7hebes, compulfive, and why, p. 09. 
n. 107. His oracles on what delivered, ibid. 
His ceremonies fimilar to thofe obferved in the 
Jenjuijh temple according to Sfanheim, ibid. Is 
called Python, and when, and wherein fimilar to 
Scripture, ibid. Is brought forth, *tis.faid, bc- 
tvveen an oiive-tree and a palm ; the tradition re- 
markable, and wherein, p. 111. n. 283. His 
lyre of what the reprefentation, p. 115. n. 339, 
Was laid on the ground of Deios, as foon as born, 
and why, p. 116. n. 354. Not fed with milk, 
but with what, according to Homer, p. 1 1 7. n.374. 
Receives the firft-fruits and tenths of all nations, 
and the cuftom accounted for, p. 118. ^381. 
The worlhip paid him by the njperboreanjy the 
fame with the idolatry paid to Baal/ephon, p.i 20. 
s. 398. His three appellations of Hecaergus^ 
Lycius, and Ufi/, plainly accounted for, p. 121. 



n. 398. Hymns compofed to his honour, and by 
whom, p. 122. 'n. 414. Orphic hymns to him, 
p. 202. The fame with Pan, ibid. Why called 
two-horned, p. 208. Is faid to have the mark- 
ing feal, ib/d. The word explained, ibid. 

Jfollonius, his account of a miracle performed by the 
Goddefs Rhea at Cyzicum, P- ?• »• 5- 

Arabians, in what their hymns to their deities prin-> 
cipally confifted, p. 54. n. 9 

Aratus, his defcription of the Mafiic, or -Lentijk, 

p. 81. n. 276 

Arcadia, c?\\cd Parr hafia, and why, p. 4. n. 21 

Arcadians, how. called, and from whom defcended, 
p. 9. n. 69. I'heir difpute with the G-etans^ 

p. 2. n. 9 

Arffos, or Urfa Major, who, and why fo called, 

p. 9, n. 69 

Argive (virgins) eonfecrated their hair to Minerva, 
and with what view, p. 128. n. i. 

^''g^'9 A celebrated ceremony annually performed 
there, and what, by the female natives, p. 127. 

n, I 

Arijleia, given to Pailas, and why, p. 1 29. n. 1 

Ark, of what the emblem in Scripture, p. 33* n.47. 

Arjino'i, the mother of Berenice, had divine honours 

paid to her, and her various appellations what, 

p. 171. n. on Epig. 3. 

A/opbtts, thunder^flruck by Jove, and ,why, p. 9.8. 

n. 91 

Afitria^ Delos once fo called, and why, p. 24. n. 43 
U cuffed by Juno, and why, p. 114. n. 321 

Atalanta,t\xt miracle of flriking water out of a rock 
performed by her hunting- fUff recorded by 
Fanfanias, p. 7. n. 5 1 . Her ftory beautifully re- 
lated by Banter, p. 82. n. 292 

ATHene, ATTis, and ATho, &c. whence derived, 

p. 146. n. 1.67 

Augurs, have all their particulfir ftaffs, or rods, ac- 
cording to Cicero, p. 142. n. 152. Their ^afFs, 
or rods defcribed, ibid. Are of great ofe in 
divination, arid alluded to by one of the pro« 
phets, ibid. The ufe of their rods, or fUffs, 
from whence originally derived, ibid. That of 
Tirefias, how called by Homer, ibid. Aad thofe 
fcepters, flafFs, clubs, caducei, &r. of the Gods 
all derived from the fame original, . ibid. 

Auguft, called Boedromian, why, and by whom, 

p. 41. n. 98. 

Authority (of kings) from whom derived, p. 16. 

n. 124 

Azenia, a mountain of AreeuHa, for what particu- 
larly famous, p. 86. n. 216 
B. *- - ^ 

Baal-Sepkon, the idolatry paid to him the fame with 

the worihip paid to /fpolfo by tiie hyperboreans, 

p 120. n. 398. The term explained, ibid. 

Baal (priefls of ) tl^eir ceremony of running round 

their altars, to what fimilar, p. 123. n. 433 

Baal, his grove defcribed, and by whom, p. 1 54. 

n. C2 
Bubil, thcmanner of the confofion there, and by 

whom 



INDEX. 



whom explained, p. 129. n. 1. The remark- 
able text Lit us huiU^ &c. critically explained, 

ihii. 

Bacchus^ from whom defcended, and to whom re- 
lated, p. 2. n. 9. His chariot drawn by two 
tygers only, and why, p. 6j. n. 141. The af. 
fcffor oif dnsf and worihippcd with her, and why, 

p. 158. n. 103 

Baku^ the manner obferved in preferving their ever- 
lailing fire, p. 4 J. n. 120 

Bauier, his account of the crow, raven, and fwan,, 
i>eing devoted to jlpollo, and why, p. 40. n. 94 
His account of the facred groves belonging to the 
Pagans^ p. 58. n, cj. Sets the £Loxy of Mhos, 
which is confoonaed by moft antient hiftorians, 
in a troe light, p. 79. n. 263. His account ofjita^ 
lanta referred to, p. 82. n. 292. Attached to a 
fyllcm, yet forced fometimes to fpeak oat, 

p. 129. n. 9 

Barrennifst locked upon by the female fex amongft 
the Jews "as a mou dreadful calamity, and why, 

p 70. n. 175 

Bath {o( Pallas) Callima€lms*% hymn to it, and the 
fubjed of it, what, p. 127. n. i 

Battust the founder of the city of Cyrern, his re- 
markable ilory, beautifully and pioufly intro- 
duced by Caliimacbus in his hymn to Apollo^ p. 40 
n. 92. Why fo called, and his original name, 
what, ihid. 

Beard, the ftroking it a mark of aiFe£tion amongft 
the antients, but plucking it an affront,- p. 56 

n. 35 

.Beards, the (having of them, amongft the antients, 
a token of grief, according to 0<uid and Stafius, 

p. 69. n. 174 

Stes, fuppofed to have been Jupiter s nurfes in his 
infancy, and to have been protected by him, 

E. io. n. 78. Their golden colour accounted for 
y Dhdorus, ibid. Are called by Caliimacbus 
Panacrian bees, and why, ihid. Defcriptions of 
them by Virgil, Diodorus and Dryden, ibid. 

Bell- flowers, of what the emblem^ p. 43. n. 1 15, and 

Ii8 

Bentley (Dr. jun.) miflaken in hb criticifm, p. 8. 

n. 61. Afperies Gronovius injudicioufly, p. 13 

n.-99 
Berenice [the contort of Ptolem;) Callimacbus's com- 
pliment on her, p. 178 ep. 17. Her lock de- 
fcribed, p. 179, ^>^ What called fo by C^- 
non and Callisnachus, p. 181. n. 36. The ftory 
of it at large, ibid. Why called magnanimous, 
p. 182. n. 36. Her lock, why fuppofed to be 
carried up to the heavens wet, according to 
BoJ/ius, p. i8a. n. 86 

Blackmore (Sir Riehasul) his defcription of the Sfar^ 
tan dogs, . - p. 63, n. 116 

Blachuall, his chani6Ur of the compliment paid by 
Caliimacbus to kinjg Ptolemy, p. 31. n. 41. His 
high encomium of^a paflage of St. Paul, in hia 
cpi^e to the Efhefians, p. ]2« n. 41 

S 



Bleffings that attend the virtqons beautifully de- 
icribed, p. 70, l^/eq. n. 179, and 184 

Sachart, his charadler of goat's milk, P 9. n. 75 
His etymology of the iiland T>e}Qs, what, p. 



P-95- 
n. 61 



Boedromian, Afotto fo called, by w%om, and why, 

p. 41. n. 98. The month of Auguji fo called by 

whom, and why, ibid. A festival fo called by 

the Athenians, and why, ibid^ 

Bride (a virgin one) how defcribed by Mr. Pf^jse, 

p. 181. n. 2 2 

Britomartis, the name of a nymph, from whence 

derived, and the fignificatipn thereof, what, p. 79 

n. 263. Not afcribed by CalRmacbus to Diana , 

ihid. 
Brontes, who, and his gifts to Diana, what, p. 62. 

n. 100 
Butter and Honey, the food of Chrift, p. 10. n. 75 

C. 

Cabir, Diana fo called, and why, p. 85. n. 310 

Cabiri, ox Cabirim, the term from whence derived, 
and its (ignification, what, ibid. 

Caeratus, the city of Cnojus, fo called, and whv, 

p. 58. n. 02 

Cain, his defendants how diftinguifhed in Scripture, 

P 2. n 3 

Calathus, its ceremonies obferved by king Ptolemy 
zX Alexandria, in honour of Ceres ^ p 147, n. i 
To be viewed only (landing on the ground, and 
why, p. 149. n. 5. Drawn by four milk-white 
horfes, and why, p. 163. n. 169. With what 
filled, p. 1 64. n. 1 79. The caniflers how filled, 
ibid. The ceremony performed in the evening, 
and why, p. 149. n. 10 

Caliimacbus, is proved by Stanbeim to be acquainted 
with the Septuagint tranffation of the Bible, p. 2. 
n. 3. If not, he had a perfect idea of the con- 
fufion at Babel, by tradition, ibid. His enco- 
mium on king P/0/^/Kry, p. 17. n. 133. Isjuftly 
admired as a mafter-piece, ibid. Is overlooked 
and miftranllated by Mr. Prior, ibid. A beau- 
tiful paiTage of his, how applied and improved 
by Spanheim, p. 18. n. 140. 1% too feverely 
criticifedoi^by Mr. D/Mi;/, and for what, p. iSC 
n 1 46. Is vindicated by Stephens, and how, ib. 
Is cen fared by Onjid, and for what, p. 19. n. 146 
Is vindicated by the tranflator and how, p. 20 
n. 146. Is an excellent moralift, and wherein, 
ibid. His prayer for wealth added to virtue, a 
wife one, p. 20. n. 151. Is fimiiar to that of 
Agur, ibid. A pafTage of his ju ftly interpreted by 
Dr. Bentley, and followed by the tranflator, and 
why, p. 28. n. 24. His introdaftion to the (lory 
of Battus, founder of Cyrene, his birth-place, an 
argument of his piety, p. 40. n. 92. Envied by 
his enemies, and why, p. co n. 149 ' Was a 
great lover of concKeneis, ibid. Was jealous of 
Apollonius Rhodius, ibid. A Paflage in his hym» 
to Diana peculiarly eaccellent and fublime, p. 63. 

A. 114 



I. N D E X, 



11. 1 II. Bears a fimilitade to that in Mofis^ Ut 
tbtn Be Hiki, Sec. iiid. A fimilar p^age in the 
P/aim, ibid. Spaitbiim^t eocomiam on it, ibidn 
Remarkably excellent, where he denounces corfes 
on the unrighteous, and pronounces bleffings on 
the virtuous, and fer what reafon, p. 69. n. 170 
His prayer, at the clofe of his hymn to Crrf/, fi- 
milar to that of the publican in Scripture, p. 1 66 
n. 199. His epigrams, ifc. p. 169, (^ feq. 
His epigram on himrelf, p. 174* ep. 8. Ano« 
ther, ep. 1 3. His compliment on Birenia, p 1 78 

Cp. 17 

CaliJfOf from whom defcended, by whom raviihed, 
and by whom transformed into a (he- bear, p. 9. 
n. 69. Jier ftory hiftorically explained, ibid, 

CamiUa^ the huntrefs, beautifully defcribed by 

i^irg^i* P- ^2* "• 2^^ 

Camtatt^ who fo called, and why, p. 48. n. 142 
CatMlinSf his charaAer of Minos, what, p. 79. n.263 
Onturiem, his opinion of our Saviour refenred to« 

p. 17. n. i«4 
i&res, CaWmacbus'^ hymn to her, p. 147, i^ fiq* 
Her chariot drawn by ferpents, the number only 
two, and why, p. 65. n. 141. What meant by 
>the appellation, and what attributes affigned her, 
p. 148. n. I. Her name in Greek what, and 
from whence derived, ibid. Is fuppofed to be 
the moon, and why, ibid. Her feuival, and all 
others of the like kind from whence derived, ibid. 
What meant by her feeking her daughter Pro- 
ferfitu, p. 149. n. 10. Is reprefented by the 
antients as drawn by ferpents^ with a torch in 
her hand, and why, ibid. Her attribute of torch- 
bearer,(<f r. phyiicaliy right according to Scripture, 
p. 150. n. 10. Is called Lfei/Ira, or lawgiver, 
and why, p. 151. n. 32. The feaft oi Pentecofl 
called the feaft of giving the law, ibid. Refigns her 
car to TripioUmus^ p. 152. n. 33. Her name 
from whence derived, and it9 original fignification, 
vvhat, ibid. Her grove defcribed, p. 153. n. 41 
The trees facred 10 her, p. 155. n. 63. Is re- 
prefented with a crown of corn and poppies, and 
why J ibid. Key bearer, its meaning, i^iV. Had 
JSaccbus for her afTeiTor, and why, p. 15^. n. 63 
No Goddefs without peace, p. 169. n. 197. 
Called thrice adored, p. 166. n. 199 

'Cbiriclo^ a pradical refleftion drawn from her ca- 
lamities, p. 137. n. 88. Her wild deportment 
under her alH:£lions, with a particular reflexion 
on her ill coniud, p. 1 39. n. 96. 

CliaFaH^ E^e, To named by Jdam^ and why, p. 49. 
n. 142. The term explained, ibid» 

>CbeJia5, Diana ^ fo called, as well as Juno^ p. 84. 
n. 310. The name from whence derived, ibid. 
Cbe^ubim, its com pofition defcribed, p. 15. n. 107 
Was a fymbolical reprefentation of the Trinity 
in Unity, and wherein, ibid. By idolaters how- 
.ever mifapplied, and mifunderftood, ibid. Moft 
x>( the abufes in the heathen mythology ariiing 
/(Qip it, ibid. How defcribed on the walls of the 



ye9it(/t temple^ p. a$. n. ^l Of what the emblem, 
ibid. Firft fet up at the expulfion oF Jdam from 
paradife» and why, p. 33. n. 47. fully explained 
and decyp)iered, Jpptnd. p. 210 

Oftift, the lecond perfon in the facred Trinity, how 
defcribed, p. 33. n. 47. Called by the Saxons 
AU'bail, and why, p. 36. n. 6t. His Diviniiy 

proved, P- i44* ^ i^4» ^^ P* ^S'* ^' 9^* 

QcirOi his account of three Jnpiiers^ two of them 

Area£an kings, and Jtho Other a Crttan^ p. 2. n. g 

His account of the Cntani, ibid. 

Gnsmerianj, who, and their outrages, what, p. 88 

n. 341 

Circe, her rod, the power of it, and from whence 

arifing, p. 142. n. 192 

Gfla or Canifiir, ufed in the ceremonies of Baeebns 

as well as Cera, how furrounded, and how drawn, 

p. 164 n. i7< 
Clarian, Atolh fo called, and why, p- 41- n. 9I 
ditone, why fo called, p. 8^. n. 306. Where 

' what account, 

p. 84. n..3o8 



worihipped in particular, and on what account. 



p. 8X. 
-, and 



Cnofftans, favourites of Diana, and why, p. 58. n. 6z 

Cnoffiu, where fituate, p. 9 

Coelus, father of one of the Arcadian Jnpiters, or 
kings according to Gcero, p. t. n. 9 

Corybantei, build a tomb for thtir ynpiiers, and 
with what view, p. 4. n. 18. Their martial 
manner of dancing round Jitter, p. 1 1 . n. 79 

Contentment, exemplified, p. 175. ep. 11 

Cretans, their odious charafler on account of theiir 
ihewing Jutiters tomb, p. 3. n. 15. Their 
characters drawn by Lucan and Cicero, ibid. A 
quotation from St. Paul from Epimenides, in re- 
lation to them, ibid. 

Crete, remarkable for the folemnization of Diana\ 
feflival there by its inhabitants, p. 79. a 263 

Crocus, of what emblematical, and how defcribed by 
the gardeners, p. 43. n. 118. The term from 
whence derived, and its fignification what, p. 44. 

n. 118. 

Cronv, remarkable for its blacknefs, dedicated to 
Apolh, and why, p. 40. n. 04 

Cufioms (religious) of the heathens, confirm tne 
truth of Divine Revelation, p. 7. n. 51. Of 
ufhering in ApolU with mufic,hymns,and dancing, 
borrowed from the Je^vijb ceremonies, ^.27 n. 20 

Curfes that attend the wicked enumerated and de- 
fcribed, p. 69. n. 174 

Cyclades (iflands) edeemed the moll facred in tne 
world, and why, p. 91. n. i. Called circling 
ifles, and why, p. 122. n. 414 

Cyclops, the place of their abode, where, and their 
iflands how deCcribed by Virgil, p. 59. n. 68. 
An account of them, and of their monfter Poly» 
pheme defcribed by Homer, ibid To what com- 
pared by Callimacbus, ibid. Why fo called ac- 
cording to Hejiod, ibid. Their eyes to what com- 
pared by Firgil^ ibid. The fame with the fun, 

append, p. 241 
Cyrem 



N 



X. 



Cynm (the city) by whom built, p. 4a. n. 104. 
Peculiarly remarkable for its fragrant rofes and 
faffron, p. 44. n. 118. (The wife til Apollo) an 
account of his amour, and her exploits, p. 46. 
n. 125. Why C9\\td Hfp/eis, ihij. His victory 
over a lion, where gained, and related at large 
by Pindar^ p 82. n. 282 

Cjrianajfa, one of the daughters of king Pratus^ 

• bow puniihed by Juno^ and for what, and how 
cured by Me/ampus, or Diana, p. 86 n. 316 

Cjscicum, a miracle performed there by the goddefs 
Rhea, zccbrding io Jpo/loniuj, p. 7. n. 51 

D. 

Dances (circular) pra£lifed by the heathens round 
the ahsLT of jfpol/o, and why, p. 26. n. 1 1. For- 
merly imitated by the country people in England 
round a may-polc, and why, ibid, 

Da^ws, too fevcre in his criticifm .on Callimacbus, 

p. 18, n. 146 

Deities, the inadvertent fight of them fatal, p 135, 
n 9«. The notion from wher.ce it prccef^ded, ihid. 

Delian palm, to whom dedicated by the heathens, 
and how to be accounted for, p. 25, n. 9 

Delos efteemed the mod facred place in the world, , 
and why, p. 90. n. i. Why faid to be ftcadfaft and 
onlhaken, p. 92. n. 13. Her peculiar guardian, 
who, p. 93. n. 28. ' Had .various names, p. 94. 
n. 43. Jts various etymologies, p. 95. n. 55. 
An antient epigram upon it, p. 109. n. 2C|. 
Formerly called pyrpoles, or pyrpiles, and why, 
p. lie. n. 265. Why call'd Delos, p. 111. n. 
263. All became golden there, when, and why, 
p. 116. n. 354. Its foil called golden by Cal- 
lin-achus, ibid How particularly privileg'd, p. 
118. n. 378. Iheflatue of fV/w/ there, how 
honoured hyTkefeus, ice. p. 122. n. 414 The 
veneration paid to it univerfal, p. 123. n. 433, 
The ceremony of running round the altar of 
Jpollo there, very fing.ilar and particularly de- 
fcrib'd, ibid.. Similar to the ceremony, obferv'd 
by the pricfts of Baal, ibid. The import of that 
circular motion, what, ibid. A cuftom of the 
like nature obfcrv'd by the Jrcr.di.mj, in honour 

' of their god Pan, p. 1 33. n. 433. Is caird the 

FeJIa of the iflancfs, and why, P- » 24 n. 433. 

Deucalion, his ftory fimilar to thatof Ncch, p. 125. 

n. 441. Particulars wherein he refembles 

Noah, p- 125. n. 441. 

Dixna, her arrows how explain'd, p. 9. n. 69. Is 

• fi'ler to Af^llo, her title, and what (he reprefents 

• in the heathen f){lem, p. 52 n. 1. Htr fpeech 
as introduced by Caflimachus, entirely becoming 
her, and how her petitions are to be underftood , 
p. 53. n. 8. Is alway*5 a vj-gin, and why, ibid. 
Why faid to emit her dares, and to hunt wild 
btaft?, ibi.'i. Why accompanied with man/ 
n5m{^h5, ibid. Why faid to be the guardian of 
mountains, and goddv»fs of the groves, ibid. 
Petitions for perpe.ual virginity, and why. ibid 
Her petition to bear light, to what applicable, 
p. 54, n. 1 5. How reprefented, and the names 



given her, what, and why, ibid. Where faid to 
be begotten, and in what river to bathe, p. 59, 
n. 20. Said to be the fame with the moon, and 
by whom, p. 56, n. 31. Is calld Otrni'vaga, 
and why, ibid. Why call'd Diana, and why 
particularly invoked to the affidance of child- 
bearing women, ibid. Is faid to prefide over 
ports, and why, p. 57, n. 46. Her chariot 
drawn by two flags, and not (as Spanhcim fays) 
by four, p. 65, n 141. Stags facred to her, and 
why, lb d. Her dtefs and ornaments all golden 
as well as ^poUo\, p. 67, n. 146. Frequents 
mount H<tmus, and why, p. 67, n. 153. By 
whom, and where particularly worfiiipped ibid. 
Procures the attribute of torch-bearer, and from 
whence, p. 67* n. 155. Js fometimes call'd 
Lucifera, and why, p.^8, n.-ijS. The manner 
of lighting her torch, and to what it alludes, 
ibid. Her bow faid to be a fjlver one, and why, 
p. 68, n. 158. Her entrance into the celcflial 
'regions, beautifully deicrib'd, p. 72. n. 199. 
Is faid to be met by Apollo and hUrcury, in Hea- 
ven, an4 why, ibid. Is call'd the night*se)e, 
and by whom, ibid. Is call'd likewife Di^Iynha, 
and by whom, ibid, 1 he provender for her 
flags, what, p. 76, n. 231. Is all allegorical, 
and of vfhiXjlbid. Her approach to her father's 
court, gives a lively idea of the incon and Aars 
rifing in all their glory, p 77, n. 236. The 
manner how her worlhippcrs ooferv'd her folemn 
feftivals explained, p. 77, n. 239. Herfeflivals 
when and where folemniz'd, p. 78, n. 248. The 
fun himfelf faid to iland flill at them, ibid. How . 
applicable to its flanding flill at Gibeon, ibid: 
Was particularly worfhippM at Pergo, and w hy, 
p. 79. n. 258. Js call'd Pirgaia, ibid. Had 
a fedival at Lacedrtmon, and what caird, p. 79, 
n. 263. The pine-tree facred 10 her, and pecu- 
liarly appropriated to virgins by various authors, 
p. 81, n. 276. Was attended by Vpis, or O///, 
and why, p. 81, n. 278. Her hymns aU calfd 
Vpingi, by the Traezenians, ibid. Was faid to 
be the protedlrefs of the famous city Miletus, p. 
84, n. 308. U thought to be the fame with 
Juno, p. 84, n. 310. Is cali'd Cbafias, as alfo 
Jmbrafia, ibid. Is thought to be the fame by 
Ser*vius, with Luna, Ceres, Juno, Pr oft r fine, &c% 
ibid, h faid to cure the Pr^efit'es of their mad- 
nefs, and the favour how gratefully acknowledged 
by the king their father, p. 86, n. 316. Her 
firft temple -AiEphf/us, by whom foundtd, p. 87, 
n. 323. Her Aatue, of what made, and by whom, 
ibid. Her fecond temple more magni£cent than 
her firil, ibid. The firfl when burnt, by whom, 
and with what view. Hid i he fee nd, when 
burnt, ibid, h called Munichya^ ar.d why, p. 89. 
n. 352 Punifhes Oeneus, for what, and how, 
ibid, Pwi^fli^e^ Agamemnon, for what, and how, ibid* 
Punifhes Otus, and for what, p 89, n. 359. Is 
reprefented as drawn by flags, and why, 
128, n. 7. What intended thereby, ibid, 

p s Diat, 



INDEX. 



Df^, to whom fecaliailjr facred^ p So, n. 173. 
DiSlynnoy a favourite moiintain of Diana, firft re« 
forted to by her, and why, p. 5S9 n. 58. To 



whom pecoliarly facred* 



iHJ. 



Dii Confentes, or Majorum Gtntitimt called Ca&tri, 
and why, ard by whom wor(hipp*d,p. 8$, n. 310. 
Minorum Gfniium^ from whom adopted, ihid, 
Thefe lail not allowed by the philofophera to be 
Gods and why, ibid. 

Dicdorusy his account of the golden colour of bees, 
^c. p 10, n. 78. 

Diomedy how favourM by Pallas, p. 133, n. 43, 
His expedition with Vhffes fuccef^ful, and by 
what means, ibU. Is rendered immorul, and by 
whom, according to Pindar^ ihid. His (hield 
where hungup, and why fo honoured, ibid. Is 
worfhippM as a God, ibid. The fignification of his 
name, what, ibid. 

Diofcuriy from whom defcended, and to whom re- 
lated, p. 85, n. 315. 
Dirce, a fountain, and where fitaate» p. 98, n. 91. 
Difurd, how defcribM by Hom^r, p. i 57, n. 86, 
Divhation, (bv the flight of birds) learnedly ex- 
plained, ana by whom, p. 142, n. 149. The 
cndom from whence taken, ibid. 
Dod$na, Jupiter^s oracle there of a fingular kind, 
and very anticnt, p* 1 19» n. 392. How reftor^d, 
and by whom, after the flood, ibid. Its ftory has 
a remarkable reference totheaifairi of lloahy ibid. 
The term from whence derived, ibid. Its brafs. 
always found, and by what means, p. 1 20, n. 392. 
Its two l^razen pillars feem at leaft to refer, to 
thofe before the temple of Sohm^n, ibid. Of 
what the reprefentatives, ibid. The place where 
Deucalion refted, and why fo caU'd,. p. 126. n. 
441. (A fea nymph) the flgnification of the 
term, ibid. 
DogSt (Spartan) what call'd by CalUmacbus, and 
why, p. 63, n. 116. , How defcribM by Sir 
Ricbard Blucimorr, p. 63, n. 1 16. 
Druids, why fo call'd, and their great veneration 
for the oak explained, p. y6, n. 224. 
Dryditt, his defcripcion of the bees, p. lo, n. 78. 
Drjopia, the king thereof flain by Hircnles, and for 
what, . p. 76, n. 228. 
E. 
Bagli. the chara^ler of that bird, by Callimtuhti 
9xAHoract, p. 14, n. 107/ Is appropriated to 
Jupiter J and caird his thunder bearer, p 1 5, n. 
107. The my thologifts puzzled to account for it, 
ibid. Is to be no way folv'd but by fcripture, ibid. 
Was a fy mbot of the air,and wor(hipp'd by the an« 
cients as fuch, ibid. The reafon why it came to 
be fo, ibid. Spoken of at large, A pp. p. zio 
Earth, man form'dof the dufl of it, p. 2, n. 3 Is 
cairdHADMKH \u i\kt Hebrew^ to which the 
term Adam has a near affinity, ibid. 
Earth bem, who fo call^, and wherefore, ibid. 
Et, a remarkable infcription on the door of Apollo^ 
temple, its affinity to the Htbrtw term, (J^l^) p- 



31, n. 34, Its proper fignification, wkat, ibid. 

Eh or IB, [its reverfej from whence deriv*d, and of 
what expreffive, P* 49« n« 142* 

EliufiniaM, [my defies] what, the fixth day of their 
fciemniaation, what call'd, and why, and the 
peribns that officiated therein, how named, 

p. 164, n. 179. 

Ephtfus, a colony led thither, and by whom, p. 84, 
n. 308. Bees frequently feen on the coin there, 
and why, ibid. 

Epidemia, of JppUo, what, and how defcrib^d by 
f^irgil, p. 27, n. 20. 

Epigrams, [of Callimachus^ fele6l and excellent in 
their kind, p. 1.69, ^ feq. Their firft original 
intention, what, ilfid. A compleat diflertation on 
them where to be found, ibia. 

Epimtnidfs, his fatyrical charafter of the Cretans^ 
and tvhy, p. 3. n i c. Is caiPd a prophet, and 
a divine man, and why, ibid. Is quoted by St 
Pmtl, in regard to the charader of the GgntiUt, 

ibid. 

Erojiatus, fets the temple of Diana at Ephefia on fire, 
and with what view, p. 87, n. 223. 

Eryfichton, his, ftory of deflroying Qres'sjaore, from 

whence taken, p. i ^4, n. 52. His ftory told by 

Ovid, ibid. His puniihment, and excefs of hunger 

dcfcrib'd, p. 158, {sf^y. 

F. 

Fair, [(ex] the flyine one*3 moft parfu*d, and the too 
eafy codnmonly defpis'd, p. 175, n. on Ep, tz. 

Ti^g, how defcrib'd by Firgil, p. 1 57, n. 86» 

Fatis, deemed by the antients faperior to all their 
deities, p. 140, n. 131.-. 

Fire, of the heathens, of what the emblem, 

p. 22, £^f. 

Fins, [perpetual] kept up in honour of Apel/o, and 
why, P. 45> n. 120. Kept up in like manner 
upon the Jrwi/b altars, ibid. 

mmm^ the ceremony of burning them perpetually, 
in honour of the Gods very antient, p. 45, n» 
1 20. Peculiarly regarded by the PerjSans, ibid. 

. A particular detail of the nunner of prefervlng 

. them at Bakut ibid. 

Firfl-fruits, the coftom of offering them prior to 
Mofisf and as old as the fall, p. 11^, n. 381. 
Their reference to fcripture, ibid. This tribute 
paid to Jpollo, or the^at;/, by all nations fimilar 
to the veneration paid to the temple at Jerufalem 
by all Jiws in general, ibid. The proceffion of 
this holy ofl«ring to DeUs defcrib'd, iUd^ 

Flejb, all naturally andean, p. 5, n. 30. 

FUwiTs, [moft of them] of what their emblem, p. 

' 43, n. 1 1 ;. more particularly the bell flower and 

die lilly, ibid. Great ale made of them in the 

Jewijb ceremonies, and why, ibid. Of gold 

plac*d on the high prieA's forehead, and why, 

ibU. 

Fountains, and rivers fabjeft to decay, fee 0%tid 
Mecam. 1. xv. p. 6, n, 33. 

Franck\ Chri^, the fom of the holy fcriptures 

highly 



INDEX. 



highly recemmmJed, p. 144, n. 164. 

Frifcbiiimst an abl« commentotory his annotation on 
DiMna*% fpeech, ingenioos^ tad why, p. 53. 

G. 

Gahriilt the angct, how dafcrib'd by iMrZr«ir» p. 3;» 
n. 60. .^ nd by Trnffo^ ibid. 

Ctdem^ hit opinion of goafs milk, p. 10, n. 79. 

GimmtSy ho<v called in the Hebt etv, and the meaning 
of the term, p 2, a. 3 Who they were, and 
from whence they derived their pedgree, ibid. 
How they tiecame fo, ib.d. How they became 
fcatcer'd, ibid, (their batde) the fable to what 
fimilar, p 129, n. 1. 

CideoMhn ftory, p. 15^^ n ^2. 

Gigant0fbAfiti{f a name given to Pallas^ and why, 

p. 129, n. 1. 

Goat^ why placM among the ftars, and by whom, 

p. 10, n.75. 

Goat*t'miiky its pecnliar virtues according to i?«r^4»-^ 
Knd Soiomo/i, p. 9, n. 73. 

God, (the true) how beautifully defcrib^d in fcrip- 
tnre, p. 1 57, n 86. 

Gods, thon^ht by the antients to be the condudors 
of coionies, under varioas ihapes, and what, 

p. 84, n. ^08. 

Gc/d, made veiy great nfe of in the famitare of the 
temple, p. 34, n. 52. Of what the emblem, 
ib/d. A crown made of it for the ofe of the 
kings of IfraiJ, ibid. How form*d, and of what 
the reorefentation, ibid. 

Gruh, their women conftant!y wafhM themfdves 
by way of purification, after child-birth, p. 5, 
n. 30. The caftom not to be accounted for, but 
by having recourfe to die original inflitution of 
purification by water, ibid. Peculiarly fond of 
teaching their children mufic, and why, p. 26, n. 
II. ConfulteJ the De-pbie oracle, and why, 

p, 38, n. 78. 

Gnnovius^ vindicated from the aflertions of Dr. 
Bentliy^ P- f 3» n 99. 

GrovfSf (facred) cnftomarily furroanded the Pagnn 
temples and altars and why, p. 58, n. 55. The 
ufe of them forbidden by God to th^ Jiws^ ibid. 
That of Or/i defcribM, p. 153, n 41. All in^ 
general facred to the heathen deities, ibid. Were 
a great abomination to the people of God, and 
why, ibid. Tlirir origin from whence taken, ilid. 
By whoni dcftroy 'd, p. 1 5 3 , n. c 2. That of Baal 
defcrib*d, and by whom deftroy d, p. 1 54, n. 5 z. 
H. 

HADMeH^z Hebrt*vj term, its ori^nal meaning, what, 
p.2,n:3. Its manifeftaffinicywith the l^fArru; term, 
HaOaMf or Jdam^ the name of our firft parent, 

ibid* 

Ji^wmsy a favourite moanuinof Diama, p 67, n i j 3 • 

Hair, the locks of it to be dedicated at marriage, to 

^whorn, by whom, and for what porpofe, p. 121, 

n. ^98. Of what the fymbol, ibid. SimpfiiC^ feven 

locks, in which his ilrength lay accounted foT,ibid. 

HallihfoJt, its proper fignification, what, P* 3S »• 34* 



Hamadryads, fee Dryads, 

Uamlit, a quotation from that play of ibah/^ari 

p. 20, n. 151. 

Hammond, (DrJ his obfervation on the proverb of 
Epimnedes, quoted by ^t Paul, . p- 3» n 1$. 

Hand, of what the emblem, p. 180, II. 12. Af- 
crib'd to God in fcriptore, and w.iy, ibid. When 
lifted up in religious worfliip of what expreffive* 
ibid. Why upwards rather than downwards* 

ibid. 

Hare, faid to be fleeplefs, and why, p. 64, n. izg. 
(Sleeping) a proverb, and how applied byEra/mus, 
ibid. His eyedefcrib'd, and how, by Chamber s^ 

ibid. 

Hayman, the tran(latcr*s remarks on one of his cuts, 
or prints, intended for the hiftory of England, 
calld the converfion of the Britons to chriRianity, 

p. 76, n. 22+. 

Heathens, their miftakes in reeard to their idolatrous 
worfliip, to be accounted tor from divine revela- 
tion, p. 22. Their trinity, what, ibid. The di- 
flind offices of their trinity, what, ibid. Their 
prayers condemned by our faviour, and for what 
in particular, p. C4, n. 9. Inexcufable in not on- 
ly making their Supreme Deity prone to luft, but 
triumphing in his debaucheries, P 57> n 41 - 

Heeaergus, ^poIioioalVd, and why, p. 1 21, n. 308. 

Hecale, a long poem of CalJimacbus's, and on what 
account compofed, p. f;i, n. 149. 

Helen, calVd Rbamnufian, and why, p. 85, n 315. 
From whom defcended, ibid, 

Hercules, from whom defcended, and how employed 
by Juno, p 66, n. 142. Where fituated by CW- 
limaebus, and why, p. 73, n. 200. His names 
of Addephagus and Pamfd>agus, from whence de- 
rived, ibid His goblet almoft as famous as him* 
felf, ibid. His failing in a cup, in order to fave 
Prometheus, how allegorizM by lord Bacon, ibid. 
His fpeech moft judicioufly pennM,by Callimachus^ 
and exactly in charader, p. 74, n. 214. Is caird 
Alexiltakos, and Soter, by Cbrjfiftom, and why, 
ibid. Is looked upon as a faviour, and by whom,' 
ibid. Is a Pagan copy of the Meffiah, as mod of 
die heroes of antiquity were, according to Toamr- 
mine, ibid. 1 he account of his death by Seneca^ 
borrowdl probably from the account delivered to 
Tiberius at Rome, of our faviour's death upon 
mount CffAc^Ary, ibid. His corrupdble part im- 
mortaliz*d, beautifully defcrib'd by Seneca, p. 74* 
n. 2 1 6. How (imilar this to fcripinre, ibid. His 
immortalizing or (baking off his human nature, 
and afluming the divine under the oak-tree very 
remarkable, p-75f n. 224. Was an imperfeft 
figure of the fecond perfon in the trinity, p. j6, 
n. 224. Slays the king of Dry^pia, and why, p, 
76, n. 228 Was caird afterwards Boupbagui, 
and why, ibid. 

Heroinesp the manner of brineing forth their off- 

fpring according to madam Dacier, p. $6, n. 3^'. 

Hefiod, nis fcntiments in regard to the power and 

2 i z auAoficy 



N D E X. 



authority of kings, p. i6, n. 124. A beautiful 
paiTage of his relating to the power of the Mufes^ 

p. 29, n. 32. 

■Hieroglyphics, the bcft way of prcfcrving knowledge^ 
and conveying it to pofterity, before the revela- 
tion of literal writing; p. 22. 

Hollo-way, (the Rev.) his explication of the term 
L'it, p. 1 24, n. 441 . His boob entitled originals, 
commended, p. 153, n. 41. 

Hodgns, (Dr.) his £//it« quoted, p. 49, n 147 

Horner^ his fentiments in reeard to the power and 
authoriry of kings, p. i^ n. 124. Concludes 
his hymn to Vulcan, with the fame petition as 
Callimachus, p. 20, n. 151. As alio that to 
Hercules t ihid. His charadlcr of Minos, p. 79, 

*n. 263. 

Honey, and milk, their fpiritual import, p. 9, n. 75. 

Horace, his charafter of the £Wif, p. 14, n. 107. 
His notion of tveal'h as neceaary to be join'd with 
Virtue, p. 21, n. 151. His fentiments in regard 
to the power and authority of kings, p. 1 6, n 1 24. 

Horned, (animals) to whom particularly confecrated, 

p. 65, n. 132. 

Hsrns, an altar erc!led by Jpollo with thofe materia 
als, aid the wonder of the world, p. 39, n. 8g. 
Of what the reprefentation according to the an- 
cient Heathens, ibid. Of what the emblem in fcrip- 
ture, p. 39, n. 85. The abufe of them, as an 
emblem very antient, ibid. Their various figni- 
fications, what, ibid. 

Hunger, the miferies of it, how defcrib*d by Ontid, 

p. 161, n. 145. 

Hunter, (the) how defcrib*d by Horace, p, 175, 

n. on Ep, xli. 

Huntrejfes, howpiflur'd by the antients, p. 8 1, n. 288. 

Hymns, a kind of prize poems, and why wrote, p. 
9 1 , n, I . That to Delos, why wrote by Callima- 
ehus and Pindar, ibid* 

I. 

Ida, one o£ Jupiter s nurfcs Jehovah, p. 8, n. 61. 

p. 128^ n. 96 

Jerom,, \^t^ his obfervations onblindnefs^ by way of 
confolation, what, ^ p. 141, n. 149. 

Jerufalem, the fatal ef efls of the fiege of it de • 
fcrib'd, p. 70, n. 175. 

Imhrafia, Diana fo cal'd as well as Juno^ p. 84, n. 

310. 

Inconftancy, the ill confequences of it exemplified, 
• p. 1 74, and feq, Ep. x. 

Infants, as ibon as born, laid down on the ground by 
the antients, and the cuftom accounted for, 

p.ii6, n. 354. 

lo, lo Paan, explained at large, p. 30, n. 34. 

lolcos, where iituate, and for --what remarkable^ 

p. 82, n. 282. 

Ipponc^, the daughter of king Pratus, how puniih'd, 
and for what, and how cur*d either by Melampus, 
or Diana, p. 86, n, 316, 

Iris, her fpeech very beautiful, and her manner of 
addrefs peculiarly artful, p. 112, n. zg^.Callima* 
ehus*s accuracy vifible, in his appropriating Iris to 



Juno, ibid. The Phaenomenon deferib*d by all the 
philofophers, and by fcripcure, p. 112, n. 29 j. 

J/menus, a river, and where iituatc, p. 98, n. 91. 

Itbome, one of Jupiter^ nurfes, p. 8, n. 61. 

Juno, turns Callijto into a (he-bear, and why, p. 9, 
n. 69. Is caird the jealous goddefs, and why, p. 
$7, n. 41. In the heathen fyftem, what, p. 76, 
n. 231. Her meadows of what prodndive, ibidi 
Punifhes the Prattides, how, and for what, p. 86, 
n. ^16. Her execration againft Aftnia, or Delos, 
ai.d all the concubines of Jo've, p. 1 14, n 321. 

Jupiter, Callimacbus^s hymn to him, p. 1 , iaf- feq. 
Libations to be paid to him, p. 1, n. i. His 
omnipotence defcrib'd, ibid. His attribute of 
fcatterer or difperfer of the giants, p. i, n. 3. 
How worfhipp'd by his votaries, p. 2, n. 9. His 
birth-place much difputed, and by whom, ibid. 
The conteft decided by Callimachus, ibid. His 
education, where, and by whom nurs'd, ibid^ 
the number of his nurfes according to Cicero, p; 
2, n. 9. The number of them according t9 
Callimachus, p. 8, n. 61. The number of them 
according to Paufanias,. ibid. Had feveral others^ 
and who, ibid. One of the Arcadian kings, from 
whom defcended, and to whom related, ibid A 
Cretan king, from whom defcended and to whom 
related, ibtd. His fepulchre (hewn in Crete, ibid, 
A tomb a£lually built for him by the Corybantes, 
and with what view, p 4, n. 18. His food in his 
infancy, very remarkable, and why, p. \ o, n. 
7;. The notion of his being fed by bees, and 
being their prote£lor, univerfal, p. 10, n. 78. 
The manner how the Corybantes uftd to dance 
round him, p. 1 19 n. 79. Raviihes Callifto, turns 
her into a coi^ellation, and why, p» 9, n 69. 
A(rumes the (hape of Diana, and proves fuccefs- 
ful in his amour, ibid. His fwift encreafe of 
growth defcribM, p. 1 2,. n. 69. Jts affinity with 
that of our bleiTed Saviour, ibid, (Olymp:as) 
bow defcribM by the Romans, p. 15, n. 107. His 
two principal attendants, who, p. 14, n. 10^. Hi« 
thunder-bearer, who, p. 15, n. 1:7. Why par- 
ticularly worfhipp'd by kings, p. 16, n. 124. 
Why plac'd in citadels* or watch-cowers, by Calli- 
machus, p. 1 7, n. 1 24. (Capitolinus) why fo 
calrd by the Romam^ ibid. Is fometimes to be 
taken for the ^un, &c. from whence his attribute 
of Ammon is deriv'd, p. 68, n. 1^8. The 02k- 
treefacredto him, and why, p. 76, n. 224. His 
amour with Nemefis, and the confequences of it, 
what, p. 85, n. 31^. Turns himfelf ir.to a 
Swan, and why, ibid, Raviihes JSgina, the 
daughter of Afipue, and under what pretence, p. 
g8, n. 9 1 . His oracle at Dodona prior to the flood, 
i^c. See Dodona, %j what animals drawn, p» 
129, n. I. Recompences Tirefias for the lofs of 
his fight, 4ind how, p. 141, n. 149, H^ nod, 
finely defcrib'd by Homer, and univerfaify admired^ 
p. 14^, n. 167. His (lory of bringing forth Ptf//^/ 
out of his head, when Vulcan cleft his fkull, ac- 
curately explain^, ibid^ 

3 K. Ao-. 



INDEX. 



Kinws^ their power and aathority, from wneoce de- 
nv*d in the opinion of the poets, p. i6, n. 124. 
From whom according to Sohmon, iM, 

L. 

Laced^mwi remarkable for the feftival caird 
DiOyimia, facred to Diatta, p. 79, n 263. 

Lamit a Tyfi of the Som of God, and a proper offer- 
ing for women under the law, p. 5, n. 30. 

Latona, the term from whence derived, p. 97, n. 8f • 
The ftory of her fpn flaying the Fyilom, fimilar 
to a paffage in the Rfn/, ch. xii, i^fV. 

LoMTil-irte^ why particularly afiign*d to ^follo^ never 
riehtly acconnted for by theantients, p. 24, n. i» 
Of what emblematical, ibid Nothing more.pro- 
per to be afcrib*d to ^Uo^ and why, ihii. 

Ltia. finds the fgg that liimefis had lain, and 
hatches it, p. 85, n. 315. lu extraordinaiy pro* 
duce, what, ibid, 

heligtis^ the famous city of Miletus^ fo call'd by 
Pli^f and by whom built, p. 84, n 308. 

LentiJ^f U8*d in the ceremonies, facred to Dictynna^ 
Diana, or the Moon, and why, p. 81, n. 276. Is 
themoft fruitful of trees, according to Horace and 
Araius. . ibid. 

Libation, (the great one) what, p. i. n. i. To 
whom to be paid, ibid, Cailimacbus*% true fenfe 
of the term, ibid^ 

Life, (long) the reward of obedience, p. 71, n. 184. 
The uncertainty of it, p i73» ^/- 6. 

Light (of thc' Heathens) of what the emblem, p, 22. 

Of what the emblem in Scripture, p. 31, n. 34. 

(Divine) caTd the rofe of Sbaron, and the Liify 

of tht Fa/ley, and why, p. 43, n. 115. De- 

• fcrib'd, p. 72, n. 200. • 

Light barer, a.title pecujiar to Diana and Miner*va, 
and why, p. S4> ^' »5- 

Lilfy, of what the emblem, p. 43 , n. 115. 

Lion^ of what the emblem, ^ P- 'S» »• '07- 

Liens, facred to Cfbe/e, and draw her chariot, 

p. 65, n. 141. 

Lipara, the habitation of the Cyr/<7^i, beautifully.de* 
fcrib'd by A/V/fxY and Homer, p. 59, n. 68. 

Lock (ot Berenice) what fo called by Conon and Calli- 
machus, p. 181, n. 36. The ftory of it told at 
large, ibid, (The Rape of it) a quotation from 
Ux,Pcpe, p. 1^3' n- S9- 

Longus, appropriates the pine-tree to virgins, and 
why, P ^i,n. 276. 

Zwiiwf-^/fl^, what .heretofore, p. 131, n. 15.. Sil- 
ver ones brought in by what means, ibid. 

Lot, how explain'd, p. 124, n. 441. 

L»tus, the fin faid to rife from it, and why, p. 1 1 7, 
n. 374. The term from whence deriv'd, ibid. 

Lave, ^forboys) fhocking and deteftable, p. 176, 

n. on Ep. 1 5. 

Loxius, Jpollo io caird, and why, p. 1 2 1 . n 398. 

^tfir, his charaAer of the Cretans, p. 3. n. 15. 

Lucifrra, an attribute of Difna, and to what it al- 
ittdes, p. b8. n. 158. 



Luctna, why fo call'd, according to Cicero y p. $6. 

n. 31. 

Lstna, why fo caird according to Cicero, ibid. By 
what animals drawn, p. 1 29. 

Lnpus, a term made ufe of to terrify children when 
refradory, p. 61, n. 90. 

Lycaon, who, p. 9. 

Lyc^us, a mountain, remarkable for the birth- place 
of the fupreme Jupiter, and he^d in great vene- 
ration by the Arcadians, on that account, p. 4 n 2 1 . 

Lygdamis, wno, and his devaflations what, p. 88, n. 

Lyre, (of Apollo) of what the figure, p. 105, n. 339. 

Lyfippe, (one of the daughters of king Pnetus) how 
puniihM by Juno, and for what, and how cur*d by 
Melampus, or Diana, p. 86, n. 3 1 b« 

M. 

Macrobius, quoted, p. 124, n. i^\\ ,i^ pajjlm,' 

Manducus, a term made ufe of by the antients to 
terrify children when refraftonr, p. 61 , n. 90. 

Man, his mighty atchievements beantifolly defcrib'd 
by Callimachus, p. 104^ n 175. By wbatanimalt 
particularly drawn, and their number, p. 1 29, n. 1 ; 

Maftic, See Lentife, 

Melak, its meaning, p. ijR, n. 96 

Mt'ian (nymphs) who, and the place of their abode, 
where, p. 9, 

Melijfa, her name explained, p., 10, n 75. Is one of 
Jupiter snurfcs, ihid. 

MeliJ}^, who, p. 5^ "• H9- 

Mcnander, his notion of wealth neccflary to be join*d 
to virtue, p. 21, n. 151. 

Mercury, fometimes befmear'd with i lot, and for 
what purpofe, p. 6r, n. 90 ^ Is faid to meet Dia- 
na, in company with Apolh, at her entrance into , 
Heaven, and why, p. 72, n. 200. By iihom 
worfhipp'd and where plac'd, ibid. Is called 

• Akakefm, and why, ibid. By what animals in 
particular drawn, p. 129, n. i .^ His Caduceus. 
having a ferpent twifled round it, fiom whence 
taken, p. 142, n. 152. 

Mercy-feat, of what the emblem in fcripiurc, p. 3^,^ 

n. 27. 

Merit, and f;^me without wealth, not able to feed* a 
man, p. 2 r , n. 15^. 

Mcarftus, his account of the Spartan dogs worthy of 
notice, p. 63, n. 116. 

Miletus, the farouritc refidcncc of Diana, and why, 
p. 84, n. 308. (The old and new) both mentioned 
by Tiiny, ibid. The former how call'd, ihld^ 
The latter by whom erc^cd, ihd, ' How fitaate,^;^ 
p. 84, n. 308. The inhabitants remarkab'c fo^' 
their early praflice of navigation, ibid. The: 
number of colonies planted by them according to 
Flinj and Seneca, ibid. The city for what pix- 

• ticufarly famous, ibid. The inhabitants as re- 
markable for their veneration to Diana as to ApcUo, 
ibid. A grand fcftival there celebrated to her 
honour, and how call'd, ibid, 'J he dfrivatioa 
and meaning of the term, ibid. 

Mifk, what meant by it fpiritually, p. 9, n. r <;. 

Milton^ 



I N p ^ x; 



Mibon$ his deCpriptipu of the two ftQge]^ Gabriel and 

Rapboiif from whom imitated, p.}';,!). 6o. 

(lis pathetic complaiiK ot . hU blindneis. aod de* 

fir^ of being renew nd as Tinjiat, p i^q, n. 104. 

Minerva, Sec Pai/dU. 

Minos^ two princes of that name, and entirely (differ* 
cnt in characier, buc ftrangely confoanded by aa- 
tient hiftorians, p -9, n. 263. H. w caird by 
Homer, CutuJIuj and/Vr^//, and the llory Ixoj/ fipt 
right by Banier, ihid^ 

Mijutoe (theexcrefceoceof the oak) ofwhat in par- 
ticular expreifive, ^ p. 76,n 2.4. 
Moon^ ber power in vegetatioQ, taken notice of in 
Scripture, p 53, n. 8. Prefitics over ports, and 
why, p. 57> H- 46. Her accoutremints iaid to be 
of filver and gold, and why, p. 68, n. 158. Her 
- vegetation clear fom fcriptu re, p. 81, n. 2 6. 
MQrn, cairdrpry% and why, p. 133, n^ 34. Call'd 
faffron by Honur and FirgU^ and wby, p. 44, b. 

ii8. 
M»/cbiUt his fcntiments ii^ r^^d to the power and 
authority of kings* p. 16, n. 124. 

Mo/es^ lhi$ rod/ iftoniftung fkories related of its mira* 
cttlous powers by the Jiwijb RaUigj, p. 1 42, n. 1 5 a* 
MunjMa^ Diana io calPd, and why, p. 89, n. 352. 
Mufie, the Grtiks particularly Careful to teach their 
children that fcience, lie. why, p. 26, n. 11. 
The power of it bpaotifolly deicribM by Mr. 
P<fp$, and Hejtod^ of which the iormer is an im- 
provement, p. 29, n. 3 a. 
Msrtlt^ never made ofe of in the folemnizatioD of 
'Diana's rites» and why, p. 81^ n. 276. Sacred to 
Fenus, ibid. 
Mjthhgff (of the Heathens) hasaconftant reference 
to natural things, ac<;ording to Sp^tnheim^f. 72, n. 
200. Its threefold diviiion of things very re- 
markable, p*99»^ n. 107. Its grand key, p. 
iQQ. Letters on it qnoted, ibid. 
N. 
Nais, one of 7j^>/r s nurfea, p. 9, n. 71. Ovid's 
account of her in his Lib, faft, ibid. 
Namett the varietur of them given to the heathen 
deities, very prejudicial to Uie fyflem of the Pa- 
gan rcligiou, and why^ p. 54, n. 9. The hymns 
of the Jrabiant to their Gods ftuif'd with nothing 
elfe, ibid, 
Naut/itu, (a remarkable fiih) from whence callM a 
Pofyp, P- 1 7 1 • A curions defcription.of it, ibid. 
n. on Ef. 3. An account of one taken in the iiland 
' of Cc*i by whom, and to whom dedicated, ibid. 
Uidat one of Juf iters nurfes, p. 8, n. 61 . 
ffeUusy from whom defcended, and for what peculi- 
arly remarkable, ^ p. 84, n. 308. 
Nimfai her amour w?th7«/f/#r, and the confe- 

Jjuence, what, p. 85, n. 3 1 5. By whom, particu- 
arly worQiipp'd, ibid. Her £Latue. eredted 
at Rhamnusy its height and beauty peculiarly re- 
' markable, ibid. Turns herfelf into a goofe, and 
why, ibidm 

Ne-PtiLIM^ an Hebrew term, its original fiuiifica- 
tion what, p. 2» n, 3. How rendered oy the 



Siftuapntt ibid. (Orgfants) from whom de^ 
fcendd, p. 129, n, i. Their prcjedl inoneBiid 
Akm thgtof the fabubbt giants, and wbjr, iAid^ 

Niciffa^ (ivricfte(ii of Grrxf,) how icprtihnted, 

p. i$6» A. 65. 

Nimrod, accounted a kind of giant, and why, p. 129, 

N/eb^^ what perfon to be Mdcrftood by that aame, 
p 1911 9- 32* Hated by Jj^/i0,aBdwky,p 30. n. 32c 

Nmiafff ^p^flo fo called, tiad why, p. 38, n. 74, 

i\W da;, and its filence how defcrib'd by Mr. 
^b^mp/on^ in his Summtr^ p. 1 37, n. 88. De- 
voted to ileep by the Gods, according to the anti- 
C'ts. ibid. To chis notion may be referred what 
. the prophet (ays to the woiihippers of Baal, by 
way of deriiioB, ibid, 

O. 

Oak'trei, frequent mention made of it in fcripture, 
a& iacred and-emblemaiiral, p. 75, n. 224. The 
Hebrew term for it the Jame withrthat for oath, 
ibid. Great veneration paid to it by tme believers, 
ibid. As aifo by idolaxers, and why,- p. 76, n. 
224. To whom peculiarly facred according to. 
Ovid^ and why, ihid. 

04ii,'held io particular veneration by the DrmdjjZs 
alfo its excrefcence, the miiletoe, ibid. Dedicated 
hytheGreeifUiiaRaidam^toyiaitn'y p.ta^>n.44i. 

Oati (ot^poiU) irrevocable, and why, p. 40, n. 94. . 
God*s promife by it confirmed ,p 41, n 94. flfGeJ) 
prineipally made to God the Son, p. 76, n. 224. 

Ocean^ the number of her daughters according to 
Htfiodvi^ Bmeier^ p. 54, n. 17. 

Oimus% offiendiB Diama, and how psniAi'd, p. 89, n. 

35*- 
Oi7, ufed in purifying, p. 5, n. 30. 

Ointment, (mixed) an abomination to PetUa^^ and 
why, p. 130, n. 15 {Box) of alabafter, the. 
ufe made of it, and by whom, p* 1 3 1 » n. 1 5. 

Oicn^ who, the author of ieveral hymns, aod to 
whom, p 122, n. 4!4, 

Q/fov, always the fymbol of peace, p. i23,n.433. 
The gift of Minerva, and why, p. 131, n. 15. 

Oifmfias, Jupiter how deferib'd by the Ramans^ p. 1 5, 

n. 107. 

Oracia, their various powert defcrib'd, p. 38, n. 78. 
All fuppofed to be delivered in a compuifive way, 
p. 99, n. 1 07. 1 hat of Apeih beft explain*d by 
that Qt the Pytbian prietefs in Virgil, ibid. How 
delivered in the beginning, and how in aftej>aget 
defcrib^d, p. 120, n. 392. 

Ordained, a term of SvP^eats, whypreferv'd^ p. 17, 

n. 124. 

Orion^ attempts to ravi(h Diana, and how paniih*d, 
p. 89, n. 359. His hiftory where told, ibid. 

Orpheus, hit hymns, ot what they prioci pally con- 
iift, p. 94, n. 9. Their ofe andantiqoity, p. 199.* 

Orpbie, (Theology) what, p. 33, n. 57. 

Ortygia, Dehs, once foxall'd, and why, p. 94, n. 43. 

Oiut, ilaifl atMurar, by Dimna, and tor what, p. 89, 

». 359. 
iMd, 



INDEX. 



CMJ^ an encemism on \iA Lib. Ffiftorum^ p. 9, n. 
7 1 . His account therek of Nais^ one of Jupittr^% 
nurfes^ Hid* Q&^uxts CaUiMoebiu, andforwha^ 
p. 19) n. 146. Hii defcription of AfoUo't various 
perfcAionSy p. 36, n. 62. Dafbnis reqoeft for 
perpetual virginity, bow defcrib'd by him, p. 53, 
s. 8. His account of ihavlng of beards, and the 
melancholy occafion of that cnftom, p. 69, lu 
174. Appropriates the pine- tree to chaility, and 
wh/y p. 81, n. 276. Makes 0/£i one of ^i««a'/ 
attendants, and why, p« 81, n. 278. 

P. 

Pallas^ from whom defcended and to whom re** 
iated, p. 2, n. 9. is diilingalfhed by the dtle of 
Light -biartr^ and why, p. 54> n. 15. Was the 
fim inventrefs of the ^ihia of the antienu, and 
the materials wherepf (he compofed them, what, 
p. 87. n. 331. The hymn to her bath bv CallU 
macius, p. 1 27. (S^/#f . Her image carried by the 
Argintt women to the river huulnu annually in order 
to be wa(bed ; and that ceremony when per- 
formed, ibid. Her ftatue waihed likewife with 
great ceremony by the Atbtmans^ p. 1 28, n. i 
The day of its folemnization looked upon as in- 
aufpicioai, ibid. Is efleemed the Goddeis of in- 
ternal purity, ibid. Her other various charac- 
ters, wnat, ibid. The traces of the Mojmc ab- 
lutions feen in the abovementioned ceremonies, 
ibid. The hair of the Argi^i women confecrated 
to her, and with what view, ibid. Is drawn by 
horfes as well as A folio ^ and why, p. 1 28, n. 7. 
What fignified thereoy, ibid. The Arijtiia given 
to her, and why, ibid. Is named GigMniopbantis, 
and why, ibid. Abhors all mixed ongoenu, and 
why, p. 130, n. 15* Is reprefented as a viigfn, 
and why pure oil only is grateful to her, ibid. 
Her gift the olive, and why, ibid. 1% repre* 
fented as having blue eyes, and why, ibid. 
And a rofy colour, p 132. n. 34. Her golden 
comb to what applicable, ihid Her indalgence 
to X)iVjnfy, beautifully deicribed by Assrr, p. 133 
D. 43. Is efteemed the Goddefs of Wifdom, 
p. 134, n. CI . Is called the mother of arts, ibid. 
Is called likewiie the Goadefs of War, ibid. 
Is called the deftroyer and defender of States, 
and thofe contrarieties accoonted for, ibid. Why 
always reprefented in armour, ibid H;r prepa- 
rations for war how defcribed by Homer, ibid. 
Her jEg^'4 how defcribed by Firpip p. 135, n. 51 
Could be carried by no other Deity than herfelf, 
and the meaning thereof, what, ibid. Is called 
Lttci/era as well as Diana^ p. 140, n. 125. A 
temple is credted in hoiiour to her near Sfarta^ 
and why, ibid. Her other names, what, ibid. 
Is faid to be the inventrefs of medicine, and from 
thence called ^ottrup ibid* . Her exad agreement 
with the God ApolU very plain and obvioss, ibid, 
U faid to £t at the right-hand of her father Jdvi^ 
where fhe receives his commands, p. 143. n.164. 
And is faid likewife to be greater than the angels, 
3 



ibid. This fimilar to the faatd Scriptures, Hid, 
Has the fame honours as ApoHo^ and is equal to 
him in glory, and why, p. 144, n. 164. Va« 
riotts expreffions concerning her in CsUimaehus^ 
fimilar to others in Scripture, ibid. Is born •nt 
of the head oijupitir, and from thence derives 
her privileges, p. 14c, n. 167. Her birth thought 
by lome to veil the fublimeft myfteries, and 
whatj ibid. Its philofophical reference and ex- 
plication, ibid. Her name from whence derived 
and the Signification of it, p. 146, n. 167. Her 
name ofAtbeme from whence derived, and tsL» 
plained, ibid. Is called multiform dragonefs, 
and why, ibid. The owl devoted to her, and 
why, ibid. 

Palm-treip to whom facred, p. 2, n. $. Of what 
the emblem by the l&eathens, ibid. Of what the 
emblem by Chri^ans, ibid. Its branches made 
ttfe of by the people, when our Saviour made his 
entrance into Jernfalem^ ibid. Its branches made 
nfe of by the faints, in the nnfion of St. Jobn^ 
p. 2^, n. 5. Made ufe of likewife by the Jews 
at their feail of tabernaeles, and why, ibid. 

Palm (at Delos] for what particularly famous, p 1 1 1 

n. 28J 

Ptfsr, the nniverfal nature, an otfbic hymn to him, 

p. 208 

Pampbagm, a title afcribed to Htrcules, and why, 

p. 73, n. 200 

Panacea of Apollo'^ hair, its good efie^s, p,36, n.62 

Parrhafiap Arcadia fo called, and why, p 4, n. 21 

Partbeniap now called Samos^ ahd why, p< 95» n. 59 

Paibs (a peculiar Scriptore term) how explained, 

p. 35, n. 60 

Paml(%t,) his quotation of f^/Wv/i^/ in regard to 
the Gentiles,'^, 3, n. 15. His opinion in regard to 
the power and authority of kings, p. 16, n. 1 24 

Paufanias, his account of Rbea*s cave, p. 4. n. 22 
His opinion of the aridity and moiflure of Arcadia^, 
p. 6, n. 30. His account of a religious cufton» 
obferved there in cafe of a drought, well worthy 
of attention, ibid. His account of Jupiter % 
nurfes, p. 8, n. 61 

Peace, how reprefented on fome antient coins, p. 1 6$ 
n. 197. Its good efeds how defcribed in Scrip- 
ture, ibid. 

Pearfon, his explication of the phrafe fitting at 
God's rigbt hand, p. 32. n. 47 

PeUa*, king of lokaSp where interred, p. 82, n. 27S 

Peiopoanefiis, the ifland, why fo called, and its other 
various names what, p. 97. n. 86 

Pentecofi (the feafl of) called the feaft of giving the 
law, and why, P- *5*> ^' 3* 

Perga, where fituate, and to whom peculiarly 
facred, p. 79» n. 258 

Perfians, dieir peculiar regard for their (acred fires» 
and when accidentally exttngniihed, how re- 
kindled, p. 4S' B- 120 

Piter (St ) his <q>inioa in jegaid 10 the power and 
authority of kings, p. 16, n. 124 

Piane$, 



INDEX. 



PhjHis, of Orpheus, what, and how reprefented, 
p 33, n. 47. Very nearly refembling the che- 
rubic heads in fcriptore, ihiJ, 

Phiiqftratus, his charader of Minos, what,p.7^. n. ^63 

Pkilyret One of Jupiter i narfes, hot not midwife to 
the Goddefs Rhea, his- mother, p. 8^ n. 61 
Was the mother to the centaur Chircn^ by Saturn, ' 
ibid. Was nurfeiikewife to AchiUts, ihid, 

PhurnutuSf highly recommended, p. 115. n. 339, 

and p. r99 

PhyfaJea, z fountain zt.Argos, and why (o called, 

Pigeon y a type of the Holy Spirit, and a proper bh^ 
lation for women under the law, p. ^, n. 30 

Pindjfr, his fentiments in regaid to the pON^er and 
authority of kings, p, 16, n. 124. His hymn to 
De/oSf whvQ wrote, and with what view» p 90, 
n. I. • His account of Cjrene*^ vidtory over the 
lion, both long and curious, p. 82, n. 27S. And 
copied by Virgil in his charader of CamiHa, ihid. 

Pine-tree, facred to Diana, and for what ufe pe- 
culiarly remarkable, p. 68, n. 155. Sacred to 
Diana, and why, p. 81, n. 276. Of what the 
emblem, according to Longus, Virgil, &c. ibid. 
How called by Ovid, ibid, 

Pithyufa, the famous city of Miletus, fo called by 
Pltny, and by whom built p. 84, n. 308 

Planets, fevcn, how defcribed, and by whom, 

p. 1 29, n. 7 

PlatOf his difcourfe on the immortality of the foul, a 
very fatal temptation to one of his pupils, and 
wherein, p. 1 74. Ep. 9 . 

Poets, called prophets, and why, p. 3, n. 15. Their 
fentiments in regard to the power and authority 
of kings, p 16, n 12^ 

Polypbemc, the Cyclopian monfter beautil ally defcribed 
by Homer, p. 99, n. 68 

Popr, a beautiful defcription of his improved from 
tiefiod relating to the power of muiick, p 29, n.32 

Poplar, to whom facred, P'^Sh n* 4^ 

Po^wer and Strength, attendants on Jupiter, p. 14, 
n. 10^. How introduced by JEjchylus, ibid. 
I he author's defcription iimilar to feveral pafTages 
in Scripture, ibid A name of each peifon in 
the iacrcd Trinity, p. 14^, n. 164 

Pc^er of kings, from whom derived. See Authority. 

Pnetuj, who, and his daughter how puniOitfd for 
their pride by Juno, p. 86; n. 316. How cured, 
and. by whom, ^ ibid. 

Frocius, his defcription of the ApolUnarian rites, 

p. 26, n. 1 1 

Ptof^rpine, what meant by her mother Ceres\ feck- 
ing her, p. 149, n. 10. Said to be ftolen from 
her mother by Pluto, and why, p. 152, n. 33 
Her rape Only an allegory, ibid. 

Jrtolemy, his chara^er as drawn by CalUmachus, 
p. 17, n. 133. Is juAIy admired as a mkder- 
piece, ibidn A peculiar beauty in it overiijcked, 
aod miftaken by Mr. Prior, ibid. A favourite of 
jfove, and how diftinguifhed, p. i8« n. 140* 



All of that name how c^iUcc^y &l^d in what jnan- 

- ner worihipped, p. 107, n. 208. His'encomfnm 

by Theofritus, p. 1 88 

Pfrpilts or Pyrpoles an antient name of Delos, and 

' why fo called, .p. in, n. 263. 

Python, the fell dragon, flain by Apollo^ and the 

Jo Paans thereupon, to what fimilar, p. 48. n. 1 42 

The (lory of his being (lain by Apollo, iimilar to 

one in the 1 2th chapter of the Revelations, p. 97 

n. 81. The meaning of the term, what, and 

from whence derived, and to whom applied in 

• Scripture, . p. 100, n. ti2 



Ratn-bc'-M, the pha^nomeiion fully explained, not 
only by all the philofophers^ but by Scripture 
likewife, p. 112, n. 295 

Raphael [the angel) how defcribed by Milton, p. 35 

n. eo 

Ra'ven, peculiarly remarkable for his blacknefs, 
dedicated to Apollo, and why, p. 40, n. 94 

Rays (of light) always painted round our Saviour's 
head, and why, p. 34, n. 52 

Rebels (againft God) who, p. ?, n. 3. A plain 
ground for the tradition of the Titans, rebe's 
againft Jove, ibid. 

Redeemer, the tradition of him how deeply impreflled 
on the minds of men, p. :2 

i?^//^;Vff of nature, what, p. 2, n. 9 

Revelation, how confirmed, p. 1, n. i 

Rhamnus, the town, where fituate, and for what 
peculiarly rennarkable, p. 8;, n. 31^ 

Rhe-i, is delivered of the fupreme Jupittr on the 
mountain Lyc^us^ which forever after was held 
in great veneration by the Areadians, p* 4, n. 22 
Her cave, where fituate according to Paufunias^ 
ihid Was entered by none but her own pneftef- 
fes, ibid. The fatal confequences that attended 
all fuch as entered into it contemptuoufly, ibid. 
Eve^s bower, mentioned by Miltcn, a good com- 
ment on this pafTage, ibid. Her purification, not 
on-y by waibing, but anointing with oil, ac- 
cording to' /ff^^/&/«/, p. 5, n. 30. She, and her 
fon likewife Hood in need of purification, not 
only by water,but a river of water, called inSciip- 
ture, a living and running water, ibid. The 
bfe of her fcepti e, borrowed by Ca/limarhus from 
the miraculous performances of Mo/es with his 
rod, p. 7, n. 51. .This miracle where wrought, 
according to Ap^l'oniuj, ibid. A Ijlce miracle, 
recorded by Paufanias, wrojght by Atalahta 
(when a- third) with her huriting ftafF ibid. 

Rbodius (Afolloniks) is fuppofed to faiyrize Callima' 
chus in his argonauties, and why, p. ^o, n. 149 

Ri bar dill. {kin% of England) his name (aid fre- 
quently to be made ufe of by mothers to terrify 
their chJdren when crofs and refradlory, p. 61 

n. 90 

Riches, without virtue; their fatal confequences, 

p. 21, n. 151 
Ri'vers 



N 



E X. 



S'abbatb^ the danger of its negIe»Sl, p. jj, m. 239 

^tf^r^;?, a winter flower, dedicated to j^pol'O, and why, 
'p. 43, n. 1 18. The morning, f-) calfd by //ovr.r 
and Virgil, and why, p. 49, n. 1 18. Is oH'crcd 
and burnt in the Jrwijh incenfc, amongfl other 
perfumes, ibid. That at Cyenc peculiarly 
iragrant, ibid.. 

SamoSf formerly cali'd F'arthenia^ pr the virgin ifle, 
and why, p. 95, n. 55,. 

Baorii his epitaph, p. 172, ep. 5. 

Zatan^ how. defcribM by Milton, p. i 57, n. 86. 

Saturn, father of the Cntan Jupiter, whole fepul- 
chre was Ihewn in Crete, according to Cicero, p. 
2, n. 9. By what animals particularly drawn, 

p. 129, n. I. 

Sceptres t a kind of ftaffs among the antients, p. 1 42, 
n. 152. An account of chat oi. Achilles, in Homers 
firft Iliady remarkable. Hid. 

Seneca, his remarkable defcription of the death of 
Hercules, P- 74# 0-216. 

Serpents, facred to Ceres, and draw her chariot, 

, p, 65, n. 142. 

Seth, his defcendants how diftinguifti'd in fcripture, 

p. 8, n. 61. 

Se*ven, the number of perfeflions, and how explained 

p. ii5> n- 339- 
ShefvD'hrtad, of what the emblem in Scripture, 

p. 33. n-47- 
Siege [of JerufaUm) the miferies of it deicrib'd, p. 76, 

^ n. ;75. 

Sleep, has wings afiignM to him by moft poets, and 

why, p. 113, n. 295. 

Sol, by what animals particularly drawn, and how 

many, * p. 129, n. u 

Solinus, his etymology of the ifland of Delos, what, 

p. 95^n. 61, 
Solomon, his chara£ler of goats-milk, P- 99^.75. 
Soptlis, his epitaph, p. 173, ep, 7. 

S'oter, HircuUs, fo called by Chryfojlom, and why, 

p. 74, n. 2H- 

Spanheim, his obfervation on a beautiful pafTage in 

Callimachus, how applied and improved, p. 18, n. 

140. His obfervations quoted, paffrm. 

Spencer, confirms the notion that merit and fame 

without wealth is not able to feed a man, p. 21, 

n. 151. 
Sphera, the harmony of them accounted for, p- 1 < S» 

n. 339- 

Spirit, (of *Jxe Heathens) of what the emblem, p. 22. 

Stagr^ to whom facred, and why, and of what the 
fymbol, p. 65, n. 141. Remarkable when preft 
for taking the water, p: 66, n. 1 42. Their chace 
how defcrib'd by Mr. Thcmfon, ibid. 

Stars, their (hooting beamifnlly defcrib'd by Virgil, 
p. 94, n. 46. How fed and fapported in the 
opinion of theantients, p. 108, n. 226. 

Stephens, his criticifm on a paifage in CuUimachus, 
and how by him explained,* p. 18, n. 146. 

Stoics, thcirnotionof virtue falfe> and why, p. 20, 



Strength, See Power, 

•T^trcfbie, a fountain, and where fituate, p. 98, n. 9r. 

Stjx, one of Jupiter s nurfes, but not mi iwjfc to ihc* 
gocldefs ^/^/tf, his moiher, p. S, n.«6r. 

Sun, caird PhcaLus, and why, p. 34, n. 36. Of 
what the emblem, ihid. His rays how defct ib'd, . 
and of what the caufc, p. 35, n. 60. Said to be 
unextinguifh'd, and why, p. 68, n. 158. Said to 
ftand flill at the celebration of Diana's anniverfa- 
ry rites, and why, p 78, n. 248. How applica- 
ble to its (landing ftill at Gibcon, ibid, a beauti- 
ful defcription of it, p. 1 35, n. 5 1 . 

Snfoan, remarkable for its whitenefs, dedicated to 
Apollo, and why, p. 4.0, n. 94. 

Swans, facred to Venus and draw her chariot, p.65. 
n. 141. Peculiarly devoted to Jpello, and why,. 

P »»S. °' 339- 
T. 

TaJ/o, his defcription of the Angel Gabritl very- 
beautiful,, p. 35, n. 60. 

Tatius, appropriates the pine-tree to virgins, and 
why, P' 81, n. 276. 

Tha/os, the inhabitants thereof look on Hercules as a 
faviour, p. 74, n 214* 

Theiodatnas, ?^ing of Dryopia (lain by Hercules, and 
why, p. 76, n. 228. 

Theocritus, his fentlments in regard to the power 
and authority of kings, p. 16, n. 1 24. His de- 
fcription of the increafe of king Augias\ herd?, 
and from whence it arofe, p. 38, n, 74. 

Theras,. who> and from whom defcended, p. 42^ 

n. 104. 

Thetis, what perfon to bo underftoodby that name, 

p, 29, n. 32. 

Thi/oa, out of Jufiter 8 nur{es, p 8, n. 6u 

Thracians, wor(hip Diana under various names, and 
where in particular, P« 67, n. i C3» 

Thrafybulus, his account of Deucalion, fimilar to that 
of Noah, p. 12^, n. 441. Takes notice. of' the , 
Dove, or pigeon, ibsd. Similar to Noah's ac- 
count, il^id. 

Tibia, (of the anticnts) of what materials composed, 
and by whom firft invented, p- 87, n. 331 . 

Tirefias, (Iruck blind, and for what offence^ p. 138,. 
n. 96. The reference of this dory to the He- 
brews, ibid. Stands fpeechlefs at his fudden ^f- 
Bidion, like Adam when turn'd out of jparadife,, 
ibid. How recompensed for the lofs of his fights . 
p. 141, n. 149. His ftaff',.the miraculous power 
of it, p. 142, n. 152. Iscaird a golden fceptre 
by Homer, ibid. An account of him from Homer, 
p. 143, n. 160. Had the privilege of being con - 
fulted after he was dead, and by whom conferred,. 
ibid. Had a daughter a prieflefs at Delphi from 
whom Homer rccciv'd the SybilUne verfes, and in- 
feried them in his own^ ibid. 

Titans, (a race of giants) earth-born, rebels io Jonjc,. 
See Ne Fhlim. 

Tomb (of Jove) the Scholiaft on Callimachus endea- 
vouring to free the Cntans from the odium cf 
G g (hewing 



INDEX. 



Hiewmg ity and how, p. 4, n. 18. One a&ually 
built for him by the Cotybantesy and why, ibid, 
A real tomb of a real Jupiter^ or king of Cretin 
was no doubt adtually erected in that kingdom, 
and his body interred there, ibid, 

Torcb'bearer, a peculiar title of Diana' fi, and why, 
•p. 54, n. 15. From whence procoi'd, p. 67, 

n.155. 

^'ournemine, his aiTertion that the heroes of antiquity 

were all Pagan copies of the Mejpab referred to, 

p. 74, n. 216. 

7nezenians, all their hymns to Diana call*d Ufings, 

and why, p. 81, n. 278. 

^nes, diftinft ones, facred to particular deities, 

p. 24, n. T. 

trinity in Unityy how hicroglyphically reprcfcnted, 

p. I J, n. 107. Of the heathens, what, p. 22. 

The diftindt offices thereof what, ibid, 

Tripods, what^ and how generally adom'd, p. 99, 

n. 1Q7. The various conjediures of authors ia 

regard to the cuftom of Jpol/o's Oracles being 

delivered upon them, and wherein £xpiUr to the 

Je^'ijb ceremonies in the temple, ibid,, 

^riptolemus, how favoured by Ceres, and why, p.i 52, 

n. 23. 

Tisrnerp an extra£l from his mythological notes« 

which are learned and curious, p. lac, n. 441. 

Tyigers, facred to Bacibus and draw his chariot, 

p. 65, 11.141. 
V..and U. 
Venus, her Chariot how drawn, and by what crea- 
tures, p. 65, n. 141. Her'fiatue of Delos, how 
honour d by The/eus, &c. p. 12 2^ n. 414. By 
what animals in particular drawn, p. 1 29, n. i. 
Vejia, one of the names of Delos, and why, p. 124, 

n. 433. 

Firgi/f his defcription of bees, p. 10, n. 78. His 

ientiments in regard, to the power and authority 

of kin^, p. 16^ n. 124. His defcription of the 

^pidemu of Pbaebtu, ^neid i\r« p. 27) n, 2a 



His account of the ftory of Minos, what, p. 79, 
n. 263. Appropriates the pine-tree to virgins, 
and why, p. 81, n. 276. His defcription of 
Camilla copied from Pindar, p. 82. n. 278. 

Virginity, the firft petition of Diana, and why, 
p. 53, n. 8. Afterwards the requefl of Daphne, 
according to 0*vid, ibid. 

Virtue, the Stoics miHaken in their notion of it, 

p. 20, n. 191. 
Unguents dropping from the hair ox jf polio, what,. 

p. 35, p. 60. 
Voet (Paul) his fatyrical reflections on the fair fex, 

p. 53, n. 8. 

Upis, one of Diana's attendants, and why 10 caird, 

p. 81, n. 278. Jpollo fo caU'd, and why, p. 1 21 , 

n. 398. 
Ur/a Majo?, who, and why fo calfd, p. 9, n. 69. 
Vulcan, his habitation and workmen beautifully de- 
fcrib*d by Homer znd Virgil, p. 59, n. 68. 
W. 
Walking barefoot, and with heads uncovered in fo- 
lemn proceflions by idolaters, of what an affec- 
tation, p. 1 63, n. 1 69. The cuftom from whence 
deriv'd, ibid. 

War, a very dreadful calami^, and why, p. 70* 

n. 174. 
Water, the great and appointed deanfer, p. 5, n. 30; 
Water and Oil types of the holy fpirit, ibid. 

Wealth, without virtue, its fatal coniequences, p. 21, 

n. 151 

Women, purified by water and Oil, among the hea^ 

thens, p. 5. B. 39. Chaff, and why according 

to Voet, p. 53, n, 8. 

Z. 

Zodiac, its 1 2 iigns how defcribM from Mr. SpentOt 

p. 129. n. I. 

Zones, to what virgins in particular given according 

xoSpanheim, p 55f n. 19. Their meaning and 

of what expreffivc. ibid* 



A T A B L E of fuch Texts of Scripture as are either 
cited, or illuftrated in this Work. 

xviii, 3, Ixxv, j, 6, to ii, Ixxjcir, 
17, 24, fci'r, p. 39, n. 85. 

Ixxxi, 16, p, 10, n. 75. 

cxxii^ p. 7I9 n. 184. 

Ixv, p. 72, n. 200. 

ex, 4, p. Ai, IL 94- 

ex, 4, p. 76, n. 224. 

ex, p. 144,11.164. 

xcviii, I, Ixxxix, 13, xcvii, 2, 
p. 14, n-ioj. 
xci, 13, p. 100, n. 112. 

xxxiii, 10, 13, i8« 22, p. 18, n. 140, 

S%!'"'"'''^/!SS%"J: Ch.p.x.ver..v p.7«.n..48. £,;';,, . P-,'^^-'.^: 

viii, II, p' i23> ^' 433- JUDGES, 

ill, 20, p- 9» "• H^' ^ , 

Chap. ri. tcr. 25, p. 154, a. 52, 

E X O U U b. yj^ j^^ p. 138, n.96. 



GENESIS. 


ir, 19, 


p. 5 J, n. 1. 






xxxiii, 14, 


PS3.«»-8- 


Chap. vi. vef. 


2. p. 2. n. 3. 


xvi, 21, 


p. 58* "• 55; 
ibid. 


iii. 24. 


p. 33. n. 47. 


xii. 


ix. 20, 24. 


p. 125, n.44«- 


xxviii. 


p. 70, n. 17,-. 


xiii. iS. 


ibid. 


xxxii, 13, 


p. 10, n. 75. 


viii, 7> 


p. 126,11.441. 


xii, 27, 


p. It A. 1. 


xi, 10, 


p. i, n. 3; 


xxxiiiy 14, 


, P- 53- 


vi, 4. 


ihU. 


xxviii. 


p. 76, n. 175. 


^'U 4. 


ibid. 


xxviii. 


p. 70, B. 174. 


xi, 8, 9, 


ibid. 








p. 1, n. 3. 


J 


S H U A; 



PROVERBS. 



SAMUEL; 



Chap, xxiii, vcr. i6,p. 148, n. f . ^ 

xxiii,i6,&xxxi^22,p.i5i,n.32, ^ 

XXV, 1 8, xxxi, 3, p. 33» n- 47- ^^P- ^^- ^*'- *9» P- « 3 J> »• 5* 
xix, and xxi, p. i35> n 58. ir t isi r c 

xxviii, 34, p. »*5> n. ^92. I. Ji 1 JN u b. 

xxiv, 31, p. 43» n 1 1 5. viii^ , |^ 

zxxiv, 13, p. 5B, n. 55. xviii,. 

xxvii, 2, p. 39» °* ^S* 

xxiii, 16, xxxiV|22,p. 151, n.i^. 
xvii, 6, p- 7> **• 5*- 

jwx, 35, p- 44» ^ "8^ 

xxiii, 20, p. 133» **• 9^- 

iii, s» P- '63, n. 169. 

.xii, 29, JO, and xxvii, 14, 15, 
p. 70^ n. 174. 



Chap. xxx,ver.8, p. 20, n. 151. 
xxVS, 27, p. 9» ■• 75- 

viii, 15, • p. i6,n» 124. 

X, 27, p. 71, n. i?4. 



XXIX, 27, 



p. 21, n. 151. 



VII, 21, 

vi, 

xviii, 27, 

Vi,29, 


p. 120, n. 392. 

p. Jf, B* 5^ 

p.- 1 37, n, 88. 
p. S3, n.47 


2. 


KING S. 


Chap, xxiii. ver. 6, p. sC n. 55 



LEVITICUS. 

Chap, vi, ver. 13, p. 45, n. 120. 
xii, p.5>n. 3®- 

ix, 24, p. 68, n. 158. 

xii, p. 5, n. 30. 

xiv, J, ihid, 

xii, ibid. 

NUMBERS. 



CHRONICLES. 
Chap. iv. vcr. 5, p. 43, n. 11 5. 

JOB. 

xxxi, 26, p. 52, D. 1. 

V, 26, p. 71, n. 184. 

xxxi, 26, p. 77, n. 236. 

xxxix, 19, p. 128, a. 7. 



ECCLESI ASTES. 

Chap, vii, v«r. 11, p. 20,n. iji* 
p. 27, n. 20. 
pv 123, ft. 43 3. Ti^ gong of Splomott, or CadHciis. 

ii, I, p.43» n- "S- 

ii> h 2. 3» i^> ^o> ^» ^ S* P- 35» 

n. 60. 

V, I, iv, II, p. iC, n. 75. 

ISAIAH. 

Chap, xxii, vd-. 2, p. 1 55, n. 6$. 

iv, p i8,n. 146. 

Ix, I, xl, 12, p. 157, n. 86. 

XV, 8, p. 75, n. 216. 

vii, 15, p. 10, n. 75. 

i, 29, p. iS5» «■ ^3- 

Hi, 11, P- **8, n. I. 

Ixiii, 5, lix, 16, p. 14, n. 105. 

XXV, I, 2, p. 35, n. 60. 



Chap, xxviii, vcr. 7, p. i, n. 1 
viii, 7, p. 128, n. I 

XX, 9, 10, II, p. 7>n« S» 



PSALMS. 

p. 25, n. 9. 
p. 69, n. 170. 



XXIV, 

Ixxviii, 

xviii, 10, p. 15, n. 107. 

Ixxx, 17, p. 33, n.47. 

Ixxviii, p. 69, n. 174. 

xxiv, p. 18, n. 146. 

Chap, xxviii, vcr. 2 1 , p.69, n. 1 70. cxlix, 3, p. 26, n. 1 1 . 

xxiii, 14, p. 150, n. 10. xvi, 10, p. 74, n. 216. 

xxviii, p. 69,0.174. ii, 24, Jbid, 



DEUTERONOMY. 



JEREMIAH. 
Chap, i, vcr. 18, p. 9, n. 142. 

E Z. E K I £ L. 

Chap, i, vcr. 28, p. 112, n. 29 j. 
xxxiv, 26, p. 165, n. 197. 

i, and x, p. 33, n. 47. 

H O S E A. 

Chap, ix, vcr. 13, and 16, p. 70, 
n. 174. 

AMOS 



INDEX. 

A Mas. JOHN. I. TIMOTHVl 

Cbap. ix, ver. .4. p. i6s;n. 197. Chap. xi. ver. 19. p. 27. n. 20. ^hap vi, ver. ,6. p. ,4. n .04.. 

« ic A H. ^^.•j-;,^, „.y;;,V;;l ill/;,. p',k».:5l:. 

Chap. iii. ver. 5, p. 123,11.433. xv, 27, ?• 123. «>'4J3- 

xvi, 5,r, 2&, xvii, 10, i,.i3, i, 3, TITUS 

ZECHARIAH. p. 144, n. 164. 

Chap. iii. v.r. 8, p. 76. n. 224. ^H; "' ^^ p!' cf'n" 3I: ^^P' '' '*'• ' *^' P" '^°' "^ ' ' '' 

«,6.7, P.U3.-.433. ,'J/ pjs.^'n.4». HEBREWS. 

M A L A C H. I. ^ ACTS. 

„,,,,... ^ Chap.ii.ver. 14,, p.7s,(,. 2,6. 

Chap, ly, rer. 9, p. 36,11. 62. xin, ti* p. 139, n. 96. vi, 17, p, 41,11. 94. 

"». 55» P- 33. n- 47. vi, 18, p. 76, n. 224/ 

WISDOM. •» 9. «o. "» P- 75.n- «i6. i, 4, p. 143, n 164, 

^ ... , „, »v, 22 and 30, ^p. 36, n. 61. ix, 26, p. 9, n. 142. 

Chap, xvm, rer. 16, p. 157, b. 86. ix, 1 3 and 16, [ p. 70, n. 1 74. 

ROMANS. 

ECCLESIASTICUS. Chap. vi. w. 10, p. 74,11.216. . 1 PETER, 

xhii, p. 135, ». Ji. j^ • j^^ pf ,^; „, ,6* Chap. U, Ttr. 13, p. ,7, n, 124. 

MATTHEW. 1 CORINTHIANS. 2 P E T E R. 

ChaE.xiii,ver.5.p..7,-."4. ?2t'"''''"V'.S n.Jet. ^hap. xi, ver. ,, ii. .3. p. ,5. 
^i 7' ^P- 5-t' ■•9- i, 24, p. 14, n. 104. n- 124* 

»"».53. p.74. n.ai6. ' *' p. 7, n. c i. 

«^64. p..44»Vi64. .CORINTHIANS. REVELATIONS. 

IV, 6, p. 100, n. 1 12. ^ ^. ,^ ... 

axiv, 19, p. 70. n. 174. Chap, iv, ver. 7, pf 73, n. 200. J^^'^U^^'' 7' P- '55' »• 63. 

LUKE. GALATIANS.. >". *'» *»» 4, ' »i/wi 

Ghap.xviir,v«r.i3,p.i66,n.i99.- Chap, iii, ver. 1 3, p; 41.11. 94. JJ|^^' ^ p.gVn^sf* 

»dii,2ak •^p.74.n.2i6. EPHESIANS "'.'9' .. P-^S. «>•/• 

n, 21 to 24, p. 5, », 30, Chap. 5, ver. 2, p. 9, n. 142. 



F I N [ S.. 



c* 



r 



::-2u